No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Temperament*

OBJECTIVES: Sleep disturbance constitutes a significant and relatively common source of suffering for cancer patients. It is a challenge for oncologists to address this troubling symptom with pharmacotherapy's limited evidence base. This paper systematically reviewed the literature for evidence of pharmacological treatment of sleep disturbances in this population. METHODS: We searched international and domestic databases using the search terms "cancer", "sleep disturbance", and "pharmacological intervention", limiting the search to English- and Korean-language articles published between 1980 and 2008. Included studies were intervention studies, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses on pharmacological treatment for the sleep disturbance of adult patients suffering various medical conditions, including cancer. We graded the included studies according to Scottish Intercollegiate Guideline Network (SIGN) methodology checklists. RESULTS: Of the 223 studies searched, we only 7 studies met the criteria : 1 systematic review and 6 (85.7%) intervention studies. Among currently prescribed medications for sleep disturbance, only a few have been studied in patients with cancer, and their long-term follow-up data was not available. CONCLUSION: Based on available literature, the evidence in favor of pharmacological treatment for sleep disturbance (in cancer patients) is weak. Further studies containing long-term follow-up data should be conducted.
Adult ; Checklist ; Humans ; Clinical Trial ; Stress, Psychological

No abstract available.
Female ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Ectopic*

Among total 108 cases of biopsy-proven fibroadenomas of the breast, which obtained from the files of the Asan Medical Center during one year period from October 1998 to September 1999, 23 cases cytologically diagnosed as high risk group were reviewed to retrieve the mis-leading factors. Initial cytologic diagnoses of 23 cases were proliferative breast lesion with atypia(high risk) in 21 cases(91.3%) and papillary neoplasm in 2 cases(8.7%). When we reanalysed 23 cases by Masood scoring system, they were classified as one non-proliferative breast lesion(4.3%), 16 proliferative breast lesions without atypia (69.6%), and 6 proliferative breast lesions with atypia(26.1%). None were subject to the category of carcinoma. Cytologic features leading to the overdiagnosis of high grade epithelial lesions were as follows; cellular dissociation without nuclear atypia, nuclear pleomorphism, anisonucleosis, and occasional macronucleoli without nuclear enlargement, lack of myxoid stroma, and few naked stromal cells. To avoid cytologic overdiagnosis of fibroadenoma, mild to moderate nuclear pleomorphism without nuclear enlargement, and cellular dissociation without nuclear atypia should not be regarded as criteria of high risk group.
Neoplasm Metastasis

Cancer patients experience various physical and psychological symptoms, which can be alleviated by psychotropic medications. In the process of developing the recommendations for distress management in cancer patients, the Korean psycho-oncology research group performed systematic reviews on the oncological psychopharmacotherapy literature. This study describes the general principles and some practical suggestions.
Humans

Many cancer patients experience psychological suffering during their journey from diagnosis, through treatment, to survivorship or the end of life. Their psychological distress can become severe enough to interfere with their ability to cope with cancer. Conditions such as anxiety, depression, insomnia, and delirium often occur among cancer patients. Although distress is prevalent in cancer patients, it is often under-recognized and under-treated in the oncology setting. Psychological distress may have a negative effect on patients' quality of life. The prevention, early detection, and proper management of distress are important for improving patients' quality of life during and after cancer treatment. It is therefore necessary to develop a system for assessing and managing distress. The US National Comprehensive Cancer Network developed guidelines for distress management in 1999. Korean recommendations for distress management were released in 2009. The Korean government recently designated integrated supportive care centers for survivors at the National Cancer Center and regional cancer centers. The supportive care service is provided for cancer survivors who have completed first-line anti-cancer treatment. Psycho-oncology is one of the most important components of supportive care in cancer. Distress management yields many benefits for cancer patients, but the reality is that significantly distressed patients are often not properly referred for psychosocial care. All distressed patients should be properly referred for psychosocial care, and the psychosocial care of cancer patients should be integrated into routine cancer care practice.

Many cancer patients experience psychological suffering during their journey from diagnosis, through treatment, to survivorship or the end of life. Their psychological distress can become severe enough to interfere with their ability to cope with cancer. Conditions such as anxiety, depression, insomnia, and delirium often occur among cancer patients. Although distress is prevalent in cancer patients, it is often under-recognized and under-treated in the oncology setting. Psychological distress may have a negative effect on patients' quality of life. The prevention, early detection, and proper management of distress are important for improving patients' quality of life during and after cancer treatment. It is therefore necessary to develop a system for assessing and managing distress. The US National Comprehensive Cancer Network developed guidelines for distress management in 1999. Korean recommendations for distress management were released in 2009. The Korean government recently designated integrated supportive care centers for survivors at the National Cancer Center and regional cancer centers. The supportive care service is provided for cancer survivors who have completed first-line anti-cancer treatment. Psycho-oncology is one of the most important components of supportive care in cancer. Distress management yields many benefits for cancer patients, but the reality is that significantly distressed patients are often not properly referred for psychosocial care. All distressed patients should be properly referred for psychosocial care, and the psychosocial care of cancer patients should be integrated into routine cancer care practice.
Anxiety ; Delirium ; Depression ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Quality of Life ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders ; Survival Rate ; Survivors

This experiment was performed to investigate the response of inorganic substances in alveolar bone in relation to the experimental tooth movement. Right canine in maxillary jaw was tipped in cats by coil springs generating 80 gm. force, in mandibular jaw, the force was 100 gm. force. Cats were divided into five groups and orthodontically treated for one hour, 1, 7, 14 and 28 days, respectively. Alveolar bone samples were obtained from tension and compression sites as well as from contralateral control sites. The level of calcium of alveolar bone was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and inorganic phosphorus was measured by spectrophotometry. The results obtained were-as follows: 1. In tension and compression site of maxillary alveolar bone, calcium levels were decreased at 1, 7 and 14 days, but recovered at 28 days. 2. The levels of inorganic phosphorus in compression site of maxillary alveolar bone had little change but in tension site of maxillary alveolar bone,, phosphorous levels were decreased. 3. Calcium levels in tension and compression site of mandibular alveolar bone were decreased, especially at 28 days. 4. In tension and compression site of mandibular alveolar bone, inorganic phosphorus were slightly decreased from I day.
Animals ; Calcium* ; Cats* ; Jaw ; Phosphorus ; Spectrophotometry ; Spectrophotometry, Atomic ; Tooth Movement

Colonoscopy is a safe procedure performed routinely worldwide. Splenic rupture is a rare complication of colonoscopy with several reported cases since 1974. We report the first case of a complication in the Republic of Korea. The literature on this rare complication is also reviewed here, with focus on the analysis of risk, diagnosis, and treatment. A 77-year-old patient receiving oral aspirin underwent colonoscopy with polypectomy. After 24 hours, the patient experienced dizziness and hypotension. Colonoscopy was performed to exclude intestinal bleeding, which could be diagnosed with hemoperitoneum. A computed tomography scan showed copious abdominal free blood and a splenic rupture. An urgent splenectomy was performed, which was the recognized procedure of choice. Physicians should have greater awareness of the possibility of splenic rupture following colonoscopy in order to avoid delay of diagnosis and treatment for this life-threatening complication.
Aged ; Colonoscopy/*adverse effects ; Hemoperitoneum/diagnosis ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Male ; Splenectomy ; Splenic Rupture/*diagnosis/etiology/surgery ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed