It is well known that there exist inter-individual variations in the pharmacokinetics of pharmaceutical components in Kampo prescriptions. In the area of Kampo medicine, however, there have so far been no reports on the analysis by introducing these variations.
In this paper, from the perspective of population pharmacokinetics, we analyze the data of plasma concentration of ephedrine obtained from 8 healthy male volunteers after single oral administration of Sho-seiryu-to (extract) by introducing the inter-individual variations.
On the results, we simulate the plasma concentration in multiple oral administrations.

The purpose of this paper is to propose a two dimensional power-normal transformation model to detect the circadian rhythm of blood pressure. Our model is an extension of that proposed by Uragari et al In the proposed model, we consider the correlation between systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and check the influence of the truncated data distribution after the Box-Cox transformation. An application is given to the data obtained from a clinical phase-one study of a Kampo formulation. We also discuss the necessity of evaluating the effects of Kampo formulations on the circadian rhythm of blood pressure.

For the purpose of establishing a method for evaluation of crude drugs, we demon strated the effect of aqueous extracts from the roots of seven different (types of) Angelicae (“Toki”) and rhizomes of seven different (types of) Atractylodes (lancea) (“Jutsu”) on the binding of immune complexes to macrophages. Among the extracts from “Toki”, extract of Angelica acutiloba Kitagawa (harvested in Nara Prefecture and the Hokuriku district in Japan) had the most potent enhancing activity on the binding. Among the extracts from “Juste”, extract of Atractylodes lancea DC, (An Hui Sheng in China) had the most potent enhancing activity. However, when the extracts were made from the codecoction of Angelica and Atractylodes lancea, the enhancing activities were varied. These results suggest that the combination of crude drugs tays an important role in the appearance of the pharmacological activities.

The general survey for the curricula of traditional medicine (TM) in medical, dental and pharmaceutical courses (Universities and Colleges) has been carried out in Japan.
In this survey, TM in medical specialist education has come to focus on the following items;
1) Execution of TM educational issues
2) Prospect of education
3) Courses should be introduced from now
As a result: more than half of the Universities which does not introduce TM state reason for shortning of School hours and lack of the teaching staff. The total percentage of Universities which already introduced or intended to introduced TM soon exceed 37%. In medical and dental courses, TM will be introduced in clinical medicine as well as an optional subject. On the other hand, TM will be introduced as a postgraduate curriculum and optional subject in pharmaceutical courses.

The general survey for the curricula of traditional medicine (TM) in medical, dental and pharmaceutical courses (Universities and Colleges) has been carried out in Japan.
In this survey, TM in medical specialist education has come to focus on the following items;
1) A status of the introduction of TM in the curricula of medical, dental and pharmaceutical courses respectively
2) A comparision of the above status between public and private courses
3) Contents of the curricula of traditional medicine
4) An analysis of education system and contents in the medical specialist education
It was shown that TM education has been introduced 26% of the universities and the rate of introduction was higher in private universities than that of public.
Other statistical results of the survey are presented in this report.

When the Kampo treatment is considered for skin diseases of infants, difficulties arise because of the medicine's smell and taste. One of the ways is to give Kampo medicine to their mothers with the expectation that Kampo medicine will be transfered to the infant through lactation. The results of this treatment of ten infants are reported here. One suffered from seborrheic eczema and nine from atopic dermatitis. Nine out of ten cases were cured by the treatment of Kampo medicine in periods ranging from one month to one year and four months. The other case had to continue Kampo medicine by himself for one year and seven months after discontinuance of breast feeding. This therapeutic way is also good for the mothers with atopic dermatitis. In cases of atopic dermatitis in both mothers and children, children improved in a rather short period compared to their mothers. As a result, for the treatment of the skin diseases of infants, administration of Kampo medicine to their mother should be considered.

The authors' developed a new methods of preparing and inserting intradermal needles for small experimental animals.
To create the new type of needle, the tip of a filiform needle (0.14mm in diameter) was pinched into a wavy shape using mosquito forceps. A length of about 1.5mm of this wavy section was then cut off and used as an intradermal needle.
Designated areas of the mice were depilated, and the acupoints marked. For insertion, an injection needle (27 gauge) was used to penetrate directly beneath the marked point, starting from slightly above the marking. The wavy needle was then inserted into the tip of the injection needle and a filiform needle (0.18mm in diameter; adjusted length) used to push the wavy needle out, thereby inserting it into the intended point.
Using this method, insertion of the needles was easily carried out, and they stayed in places. This method therefore seems to be highly applicable for the insertion of intradermal needles in experimental animals.