This study was conducted to find out an appropriate means for preventing the juvenile delinquency (JD), which is supposed to be greatly realted to family environment. The data were collected through a questionnaire survey with a means of writing by themself, to 257 middle and high school students and 309 juvenile delinquents who were in confinement. The questionnaire was consisted of 27 items of juvenile delinquencies, 15 questions about personal environment in their period of childhood, 36 questions on their home atmosphere, 25 items with regard to their parental behavior to their children in the rearing of them. The extent of delinquency was calculated by summing the numbers of experienced delinquencies of the listed items. The study subjects were divided into two groups; student group (SG) and juvenile delinquent group (JDG) and the collected data were analyzed with the extent of delinquency in each group by SPSS/PC+statistical package. The extent of JD was increased as the study subjects grew older, defective families were more common, total family income was more poor, parents' educational level was lower, personal expenses were higher and the conflicts between parents were more high in JDG as compared with of SG. The differences were statistically significant. As long as the extent of delinquency is concerned, delimquent points of JDG were significantly higher as compared with that of SG in all items except one item, below the primary school item in fathers' educational level. (In order to prevent JD in our country, it is recommended that educational level and the living standared of the lower class people should be raised, the sound families which do have less conflictsshould be established as much as possible, the present educational system which is making much conflicts between parents and their offsprings should be changed so that their given temperament would be brought up to the highest level, defective families should be reduced as much as possible and adults should not do actions that are considered not to be done by youngsters and must set a good example.)
Adult ; Atmosphere ; Child ; Humans ; Juvenile Delinquency* ; Parents ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Temperament ; Writing

The Marfan syndrome is classified as a heritable disorder of connective tissue with clinical and pathological alterations involving supporting elements. In its classic form, the Marfan syndrome is associated with abnormalities of the eye(ectopia lentis), aorta(aortic dilatation and aortic regurgitation) and skeleton(dolichostenomelia, arachnodactyly and pectus deformity). The authers have experienced a case of marfan syndrome recently. The patient was 30-years-old male complaining of anterior chest pain radiating to upper back. Physical examination showed tall status, increased length of the limbs as compared with the trunk and arachnodactyly. On auscultation, heart sound was normal without murmur. He wore glasses because of moderate myopia. Roentgenogram of the chest P-A revealed normal cardiac and aortic contours and lung fields. Left lateral view of chest X-ray revealed concave depression of sternum showing mild pectus excavatum, fusiform dilatation of aorta from aortic root to mid portion of thoracic aorta and resulting in obliteration of retrosternal clear space. Echocardiogram demonstrated moderate dilatation of aortic root A-P diameter(4.5cm) without aortic or mitral valvular abnormalities and normal size of left ventricular cavity(EDD:5.3cm). These data coupled with a distinct family history could permit the diagnosis of Marfan syndrome.
Aorta ; Aorta, Thoracic ; Arachnodactyly ; Chest Pain ; Connective Tissue ; Depression ; Diagnosis ; Dilatation ; Extremities ; Eyeglasses ; Funnel Chest ; Glass ; Heart Auscultation ; Humans ; Lung ; Male ; Marfan Syndrome* ; Myopia ; Physical Examination ; Sternum ; Thorax

No abstract available.
Lymphangioma, Cystic*

No abstract available.
Female ; Humans ; Insemination* ; Pregnancy*

Phylloides tumor is very similar to giant fibroadenoma in that they have benign appearance in breast radiologic image. Fibroadenoma has no malignant potential, but phylloides tumor is locally recurrent, invasive and may occasionally metastasize. It thus appears that evaluation of the differential point of the two tumor groups by radiologic study is very important. We retrospectively compared sonographic find;.ngs of 6 cases of phylloides tumor with those of 4 cases of fibroadenoma, which proved pathologically in Ye mgnam University Hospital from 1984 to 1986. The mean age of the patients were 31.8 years old(from 14 to 41 years old) in phylloides tumor and 28.8 years old (from 17 to 40 years old) in giant fibroadenoma, respectively. The viewpoints of this analysis were size, shape and contour of the masses, internal echo pattern, posterior enhancement, and especially the existence of peripheral cyst or septal band echo. We found that diffenentiation of these two tumors by sonography was difficult. But peripheral cyst was found only in phylloides tumor and septal band echo was found largely in giant fibroadenoma. Although the existence of peripheral cyst or septal band echo in the breast mass was not pathognomonic findings, we suggest that the existence of septal band echo is preferential finding to fibroadenoma, and peripheral cyst is preferential finding to phylloides tumor.
Breast ; Diagnosis, Differential* ; Fibroadenoma* ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Ultrasonography

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical manifestations of double elevator palsy and describe the surgery outcomes in patients. METHODS: We performed a retrospective chart review of all patients who were treated surgically for double elevator palsy between 1999 and 2012 at Yonsei University, Severance Hospital in Seoul, Korea. RESULTS: Overall, 15 subjects (7 males and 8 females) with a mean age of 14.6 years (range, 3-40 years) underwent their first surgery during the study period. All patients received inferior rectus recession as a primary procedure. Nine patients (60.0%) underwent a secondary procedure which included 4 cases of horizontal muscle transposition, 2 cases of correction of exotropia, and 3 cases of correction of hypotropia and exotropia simultaneously. The mean preoperative hypotropia was decreased from 29.9 +/- 8.4 prism diopter (PD) to 4.7 +/- 5.3 PD postoperatively. Mean follow-up period was 40.9 +/- 48.2 months. Seven patients (46.7%) underwent eyelid surgery for true ptosis. At last follow-up, a majority of patients showed mild or no amblyopia. CONCLUSIONS: Primary inferior rectus recession and additive secondary horizontal muscle transposition surgery was effective in treatment of double elevator palsy. The clinical manifestations and surgical outcomes of monocular elevation deficiency in the present study can help in the treatment of Korean patients.
Amblyopia ; Elevators and Escalators* ; Exotropia ; Eyelids ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Paralysis* ; Retrospective Studies ; Seoul

The purposes of this study are to define the scope of occupational health management and to classify occupational management by review of related journals from 1945 to 1994 in Korea. The steps of this study were as follows: (l)Search of secondary reference; (2) Collection and review of primary reference; (3) Survey; and (4) Analysis and discussion. The results were as follows; 1. Most of the respondents majored in occupational health(71.6%), and were working in university (68.3%), males and over the age 40. Seventy percent of the respondents agreed with the idea that classification of occupational health management is necessary, and 10% disagreed. 2. After integration of the idea of respondents, we reclassified the scope of occupational health management. It was defined 3parts, that is, occupational health system, occupational health service and others (such as assessment, epidemiology, cost-effectiveness analysis and so on). 3. The number of journals on occupational health management was 510. It was slightly increased from 1986 and abruptly increased after 1991. The kinds of journals related to occupational health management were The Korean Journal of occupational Medicine(18.2%), several kinds of Medical College Journal(17.0%), The Korean Journal occupational Health(15.l%), The Korean Journal of preventive Medicine(15.l%) and others(34.6%). As for the contents, the number of journals on occupational health management systems was 33(6.5%) and occupational health services 477(93.5%). Of the journals on occupational health management systems, the number of journals on the occupational health resource system was 15(45.5%), occupational finance system 8(24.2%), occupational health management system 6(l8.2%), occupational organization 3(9.1%) and occupational health delivery system l(3.0%). of the journals on occupational health services, the number of journals on disease management was 269(57.2%), health management 116(24.7%), working environmental management 85(18.1%). As for the subjects, the number of journals on general workers was l85(71.l%), followed by women worker, white color workers and so on. 4. Respondents made occupational health service(such as health management, working environmental management and health education) the first priority of occupational health management. Tied for the second are quality analysis(such as education, training and job contents of occupational health manager) and occupational health systems(such as the recommendation of systems of occupational and general disease and occupational health organization). 5. Thirty seven respondents suggested 48 ideas about the future research of occupational health management. The results were as follows: (l) study of occupational health service 40.5%; (2) Study of organization system 27.1%; (3) Study of occupational health system (e.g. information network) 8.3%; (4) Study of working condition 6.2%; and (5) Study of occupational health service analysis 4.2%.
Classification* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Disease Management ; Education ; Epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Korea* ; Male ; Occupational Health Services ; Occupational Health*

No abstract available.
Follow-Up Studies* ; Stomach Neoplasms* ; Stomach*

We reviewed the clinical characteristics and surgical results of patients who had consecutive esotropia after exotropia surgery with at least 6 months of follow-up. The number of transient esotropic cases with more than 10 prism diopter postoperatively was 105[9%] in total 1128 cases and persistent esotropic cases at least for six months after surgery was 24[2%]. Significant correlations were found between the development of consecutive esotropia and the presence of amblyopia[p=0.04], poor stereopsis[p=0.02], suppression of the Worth 4-dot test[p<.01], and recession-resction surgery[p=0.02]. The corrective surgery for consecutive esotropia was performed on 12 cases[1.1%] with unilateral lateral rectus advancement[7 cases], bilateral lateral rectus advancement[3 cases], unilateral medial rectus recession[1 case] and bilateral medial rectus recession[1 case]. All of them showed good results.
Esotropia* ; Exotropia* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans

No abstract available.
Meningitis, Aseptic*