No abstract available.
Parathyroid Neoplasms*

The purpose of this study is to morphologically evaluate the results of arthroscopic meniscal repair by sec- ond-look arthroscopy. We performed the arthroscopic meniscal repair in 40 menisci of 39 knees between March 1994 and August 1997. Among them, 18 menisci of 17 knees were evaluated by second-look arthroscopy at 3 rnonths postoperatively. Lateral meniscus was 9 and medial meniscus was 9. The morpho- logical results were classified with completely healed, incompletely healed, and failed. The overall results showed that 13 menisci completely healed, 3 menisci incompletely healed, 2 menisci failed. The type of tear was 14 peripheral longitudinal tears, 1 oblique tear(incompletely healed), 1 transverse tear(completely healed with augmentation of fibrin clot), 1 tear at posterior tibial attachment, and 1 complex tear(completely healed). 3 menisci had associated lesions that had not been treated, of which 1 incompletely healed, 2 failed. Chronic cases, in which time interval between injury and repair was 6 weeks later, were 8 menisci(4 completely healed, 2 incompletely healed, and 2 failed). 10 long peripheral longitudinal tears of more fhan 2.5cm were resulted in 6 completely healed, 2 incompletely healed, and 2 failed. 5 longitudinal tear with a wide peripher- al rim(>2mm) were resulted in 1 completely healed, 2 incompletely healed, and 2 failed. The good result was expected when the tear was repaired in acute phase after injury and associated lesion was treated. For chronic tears, tears of avascular zone and wide longitudinal tears, the healing enhancement techniques such as fibrin clot insertion, abrasion of meniscus and synovium, and trephination must be taken into consideration.
Arthroscopy* ; Fibrin ; Knee ; Logic ; Menisci, Tibial ; Synovial Membrane ; Trephining

No abstract available.
Mastoid* ; Otitis Media with Effusion* ; Otitis Media* ; Otitis*

We reviewed radiographs of 11 patients with 17 total knee replacement arthroplasty(TKRA) cases. These patients had a residual flexion contracture over 20 degree after TKRA that corrected spontaneously during follow-up. The mean age of patients was 46.5 years(range, from twenty nine to sixty six). Seven patients were bilateral cases and all knees were cases of rheumatoid arthritis. The mean preoperative flex- ion contracture was 53.8 and immediately postoperative contracture was 23.5. The remaining flexion contracture after TKRA was completely corrected during follow-up period in all cases. We measured the distance from upper margin of tibial components to a certain point on the fibula. This point is on a line perpendicular to long axis of the tibia, drawn from a certain point on the fibula. This dis- tance was measured on postoperative radiographs and radiographs with improved flexion contracture, and the differences calculated. There was no significant difference between the two distances. Although the number of cases are small, we conclude that flexion contracture might be corrected to the extent of 20-30 degree by soft tissue stretching rather than bone subsidence.
Arthritis, Rheumatoid* ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Contracture* ; Fibula ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Knee ; Tibia

While renovating our traditional medical curriculum to integrated curricular system in 1996, we planned to introduce a course of problem-based learning (PBL) on tutorial basis after finishing 14 courses of the integrated medical curriculum for two years. One tutorial group was composed of one tutor and eight students, and 105 students of the second grade were divided into thirteen small tutorial groups. The period of PBL course was two weeks from December 1 to 14 in 1997. There were three interrelated steps for design of PBL course: course preparation, implementation, and evaluation which were conducted by PBL subcommittee consisted of nineteen teachers. Students were exposed to four clinical case modules, and they met in small tutorial room three times per week for two weeks. The PBL programme was evaluated by questionnaire survey method at the end of PBL course. We obtained satisfactory and positive results from reply of faculty and students. Since many teachers participated in planning, implementing, and evaluation of PBL, we could accumulate lots of knowledge and skills regarding the PBL, and it was a good opportunity to train expertise for PBL, test the feasibility changing to PBL curriculum. At this moment, our present integrated medical curriculum will be gradually converted to PBL system totally, and our experience will provide a good aid for other medical schools appling traditional medical curriculum to introduce PBL in their medical education.
Curriculum ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Education, Medical ; Humans ; Problem-Based Learning* ; Schools, Medical

The morpologic change in the lens epithelial cell, which is metabolically the most active part of the lens, are closely related with the formation of the cataract. To evaluate the morphologic changes of lens epithelial cells in electric cataracts, the central 5-6mm of anterior lens capsule and adherent lens epithelial cells were obtained from patients with an electric cataract. One-half of the anterior lens capsule was examined with a light microscope using flat preparation, while the other half was examined with a transmission electron microscope. In the light microscopic findings, the lens epithelial cell, which has a hexagonal shape with monolayer in normal, lost its normal shape and was superimposed in pathologic areas. The electron microscopic findings showed that the number of mitochondria in the cytoplasm was increased. The rough endoplasmic reticulum in the cytoplasm was dilated and microfilaments were enriched. The dense bodies seen in the myofibrotic changes were observed lens capsule were also shown. The intracelluar vacuoles were seen in dying cells and growing of the cytoplasmic processes into the widened intercellular spaces were observed The authors recognized that the abnormal lens epithelial cells had altered cellular activity and that the cells in the patholoic areas had proliferated and degenerated.
Actin Cytoskeleton ; Cataract* ; Cytoplasm ; Endoplasmic Reticulum, Rough ; Epithelial Cells ; Epithelium* ; Extracellular Space ; Humans ; Mitochondria ; Vacuoles

The funding acknowledgment in this article was omitted as published.

The Parasitological investigation on the encysted metacercariae in brackish water fish, Tribolodon taczanowskii, in the downstream of Hyungsan river which is located in Kyungpook Province of Korea, were carried out serially and the following results were obtained. Metacercariae of Pseudexorchis major were found in six fishes(15.8 per cent ) out of 38 examined. Parasitic frequencies of the encysted metacercaria of Psedexorchis major in Tribolodon taczanowskii were 15.8 per cent (6 out of 38) in the scale, 10.5 per cent (4 out of 38) in the fin, 13.2 per cent (5 out of 38) in the gill, 10.5 per cent (4 out of 38) in the oral cavity and 7.9 per cent (3 out of 38) in the flesh. The worms were identified as Pseudexorchis major (Hasegawa, 1935) Yamaguti, 1938 by morphological studies on the metacercariae, excysted metacercariae, adults and eggs, and compared with prereported Pseudexorchis species.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda ; Pseudexochis major ; Tribolodon taczanowskii ; epidemiology

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of ondansetron and granisetron on the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in gynecologic patients. METHODS: In a randomized placebo-controlled study, 200 gynecologic patients were divided into 5 groups. Each patient received one of 5 medications: placebo (saline 3 ml), ondansetron 4 mg (O4), ondansetron 8 mg (O8), granisetron 1.5 mg (G1.5) and granisetron 3 mg (G3). They were administered intravenously immediately before the induction of anesthesia. A standardized inhalation anesthesia and a postoperative intravenous patient-controlled analgesia were applied. Twenty four hours after anesthesia, the incidence and severity of PONV and other adverse effects were assessed. RESULTS: The incidence of PONV was 88%, 83%, 75%, 70% and 60% in the placebo, O4, O8, G1.5 and G3 groups, respectively, which showed significantly lower value in the G3 group than in the placebo and O4 groups (P< 0.05). The severity of PONV was also significantly lower in the G3 group than in the placebo group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, granisetron 3 mg showed a better prophylactic effect in the mitigation of PONV in gynecologic patients then a placebo or ondansetron 4 mg.
Analgesia, Patient-Controlled ; Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, Inhalation ; Female ; Granisetron* ; Gynecologic Surgical Procedures* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Ondansetron* ; Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of common three photon energies (6-MV, 10-MV, and 15-MV) on intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) plans to treat prostate cancer patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty patients with prostate cancer treated locally to 81.0 Gy were retrospectively studied. 6-MV, 10-MV, and 15-MV IMRT plans for each patient were generated using suitable planning objectives, dose constraints, and 8-field setting. The plans were analyzed in terms of dose-volume histogram for the target coverage, dose conformity, organs at risk (OAR) sparing, and normal tissue integral dose. RESULTS: Regardless of the energies chosen at the plans, the target coverage, conformity, and homogeneity of the plans were similar. However, there was a significant dose increase in rectal wall and femoral heads for 6-MV compared to those for 10-MV and 15-MV. The V20 Gy of rectal wall with 6-MV, 10-MV, and 15-MV were 95.6%, 88.4%, and 89.4% while the mean dose to femoral heads were 31.7, 25.9, and 26.3 Gy, respectively. Integral doses to the normal tissues in higher energy (10-MV and 15-MV) plans were reduced by about 7%. Overall, integral doses in mid and low dose regions in 6-MV plans were increased by up to 13%. CONCLUSION: In this study, 10-MV prostate IMRT plans showed better OAR sparing and less integral doses than the 6-MV. The biological and clinical significance of this finding remains to be determined afterward, considering neutron dose contribution.
Head ; Humans ; Neutrons ; Organs at Risk ; Prostate ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Retrospective Studies