The incidence of hepatitis B has been reported to be high in dialysis centers. Dialysis patients are at increased risk of acquiring hepatitis B due to their immunodeficient state, which impairs elimination of the hepatitis B virus; chronic dialysis patients rarely clear hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) spontaneously. Hepatitis B virus infection is associated with a high risk of hepatic complications. We report the case of a 66-year-old HBsAg-positive female patient who had undergone hemodialysis for 58 months due to end-stage renal failure and became HBsAg-negative followed by the development of hepatitis B surface antibody.
Aged ; Dialysis ; Female ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; Hepatitis B virus ; Hepatitis B* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Renal Dialysis*

A survey of the literature on the treatment of ruptures of deltoid ligament associated with fracture of distal part of fibula is controversial. Some authors advocated surgical repair of the ruptured deltoid ligament based on the theoretical consideration, while others advocated non-operative treatment based on the clinical consideration. We studied the results in forty-five patients who were treated for disruption of the deltoid ligament and a distal fibular fracture. The length of follow-up in our series was twelve to twenty-four months, with an average of fifteen months. When the fibular fracture was adequately reduced and medial clear space was returned to its normal width, the 91 percents both of patients of being treated with repair of deltoid ligament and patients of being treated without repair had a good or excellent results.
Clinical Study ; Fibula ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Ligaments ; Rupture

Synovial sarcoma is a distinct and generally recognized soft tissue tumor that it’s origin still raises controversy. The synovial origin of synovial sarcoma has not been determined despite the accepted terminology implying synovium as stem cell. Three cases of primary synovial sarcoma (2 fibrous monophasic, 1 biphasic type) were studied with a panel of antibodies against different types of cytokeratin and other markers (EMA, CEA, vimentin, S-100 protein, lysozyme, 1-antichymotrypsin). Spindle shaped-cell in monophasic synovial sarcoma showed reactivity for CK7 and pancytokeratin. Epithelial cells lining of glands in biphasic synovial sarcoma reactive for CK7, pancytokeratin, EMA, and focally CEA but spindle cells only positive for vimentin. By electron microscopy, fibrous monophasic synovial sarcoma showed pseudogland formation with intercellular junctions of paired subplasmalemmal destiny and discontinuous basal lamina. These results indicate that synovial sarcoma showes epithelial differentiation. We believe that synovial sarcoma arises in pluripotential connective tissue cells that is able to be differentiated into both mesenchymal and epithelial components. So, synovial sarcoma have been considered carcinosarcoma of soft tissues depending on the type of differentiation.
Antibodies ; Basement Membrane ; Carcinosarcoma ; Connective Tissue Cells ; Epithelial Cells ; Immunohistochemistry ; Intercellular Junctions ; Keratins ; Microscopy, Electron ; Muramidase ; S100 Proteins ; Sarcoma, Synovial ; Stem Cells ; Synovial Membrane ; Vimentin

PURPOSE: It's well known that the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is associated with endemic Burkitt's lymphoma and B cell lymphomas in immunocompromised individuals, and undifferentiated carcinoma of the nasopharynx. A clonotypic proliferation of EBV has been demonstrated in the neoplastic cells of these malignancies, suggesting a causative role of EBV in the tumorigenesis. More recently, it was identified that EBV has been linked to Hodgkin's disease and B or T-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs) without preexisting immunodeficiency. MATERIAL AND METHOD: To determine the immunophenotype and incidence of EBV infection in sporadic NHLs of Korea, We investigated 90 cases of NHLs through immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction, respectively. RESULTS: Sixty-nine of 90 (77%) of NHLs are of B-cell type, 18 of 90 (20%) of NHLs are of T-cell type and 3 out of 90 (3%) of NHLs are undefined lineage by immunohistochemistry. EBV genome was detected in 7 out of 69 (10%) B-cell lymphomas, 5 out of 18 (28%) T-cell lymphomas and 1 out of 3 (33%) non-B and non-T cell lymphomas by polymerase chain reaction. The male/female ratio of EBV-positive NHLs was 2.25:1. There are no prominent differences in age distribution and tumor localization between EBV- positive groups and negative groups. CONCLUSION: EBV positivity in T-cell NHLs is rather higher than in B-cell NHLs and this finding suggests that there is inter-relation association between EBV and T-cell NHLs, although the exact nature of this association remains to be established.
Age Distribution ; B-Lymphocytes ; Burkitt Lymphoma ; Carcinogenesis ; Carcinoma ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections ; Genome ; Herpesvirus 4, Human* ; Hodgkin Disease ; Immunohistochemistry ; Incidence* ; Korea ; Lymphoma ; Lymphoma, B-Cell ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin* ; Lymphoma, T-Cell ; Nasopharynx ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; T-Lymphocytes

To fill the large bone defect after bone and soft tissue tumor resection, there are several options such as tumor prosthesis, bone cement with intramedullary nail, autogenous bone graft and allograft. We had used isotrophic autogenous bone graft by using the heat-treated bone removed from tumor site. We analyzed the periods for junctional union and regeneration of autoclaved or low-heat treated groups, and compared these two methods to know which method is better for reconstruction of the bone defect after tumor resection. From Jan. 1987 to Sept. 1993, twelve patients took heat-treated autogenous bone graft: 6 auto- claved, and 6 low heat-treated. Each group had 10 places of junction sites between host and grafted bone. The tumors were 2 cases of osteosarcoma, 3 parosteal osteosarcoma, 2 Ewing's sarcoma, 2 malignant soft tissue tumors, 1 giant cell tumor, and 2 metastases from thyroid cancer and synovial sarcoma. The graft sites were 4 in humerus, 4 pelvis and 4 femur. Two cases showed marginal surgical margin and others wide surgical margin. Here we compare4 the difference between autoclaved group(120℃, 2 atm., 20 min) and low heat-treated group(65℃, 30 min. in water) on the aspect of complications and period to achieve junctional union to host bone. Average follow-up period was 25.3(11 to 88) months. Graft related complications in autoclaved group were bone resorption(2 sites), fracture of grafted bone(2). For low heat-treated group there was no such complication. Nonunion occurred in 3 sites for autoclaved group and 1 for low heat-treated group. Average period for junctional union was 7.3 months(5 to 10 months) for autoclaved group and 6.1 months(5 to 9 months) for low heat-treated group. With these results, heat treated bone autograft may have several advantages such as easy accessi- bility, low cost and anatomical reconstruction of the bone defect. The low heat-treated autogenous bone graft may have more advantages than that of the autoclaved one, and this method may be ratio- nalized to fill the large bone defect made by tumor resection.
Allografts ; Autografts ; Femur ; Follow-Up Studies ; Giant Cell Tumors ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Humerus ; Methods ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Osteosarcoma ; Pelvis ; Prostheses and Implants ; Regeneration ; Sarcoma, Ewing ; Sarcoma, Synovial ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; Transplants

Hepatie hilar ductal carcinoma is relatively rare, but the prognosis is known to be poor because an early diagnosis is difficult. Because the majority of patients are already infiltrated into adjacent organ by itself at the diagnosis, the rate of resectability is low. The best method of treatment is curative resection, and the range of tumor invasion is very important. The preoperative diagnosis is difficult because the cholangiography may be normal in cases of superficial invasion. Multifocal lesions within the biliary tract may be identified in as many as 10 percent of patients, Especially, the papillary type has the best prognosis and is associated with multiple tumors within the bile duct. We report a case that percutaneous transhepatic cholangiogram showed normal distal common bile duct, but the hepatic hilar confluence and ampulla of Vater lesion was confirmed as adenocarcinoma.
Adenocarcinoma ; Ampulla of Vater* ; Bile Ducts ; Biliary Tract* ; Carcinoma, Ductal ; Cholangiocarcinoma* ; Cholangiography ; Common Bile Duct ; Diagnosis ; Early Diagnosis ; Humans ; Pancreas* ; Prognosis

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate healed bovine bone particles (Bio-Oss(R)) and absorbable collagen sponge (CollaPlug(R)) applied extraction socket site at 4-6 months' post-extraction. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From August, 2004 to October, 2005, 17 sockets in 5 adult patients were selected out of the patients whose received ridge preservation using bovine bone particles and absorbable collagen sponges at Department of oral and maxillofacial surgery in Samsung Medical Center. There were 5 male patients, ages 30 to 58 years. Immediate postoperation and 4-6 months after operation study models were compared to evaluate the ridge dimension by measuring vertical height and horizontal width of alveolar ridge. RESULTS: The measurements at 4-6 months revealed, in the ridge dimension, a loss of vertical height of 0.91+/-0.40mm and horizontal width of 1.25+/-0.58mm. There was no adverse reaction. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that treatment of extraction sockets with graft materials and collagen sponges is valuable in preserving alveolar bone in extraction sockets and preventing alveolar ridges defects.
Adult ; Alveolar Process ; Collagen ; Humans ; Male ; Porifera ; Surgery, Oral ; Transplants

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the success rate of dental implant on post-traumatic region to rehabilitate missing teeth. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 5 patients who had been treated due to maxillofacial trauma during 2000 to 2004 at samsung medical center were selected for this study. 22 dental implants were installed to them for restoring missing teeth. The success rate of these dental implants was evaluated with criteria by T. Albrektsson .We divided installed 22 implants into 2 categories. One category consisted rough surface implants group and smooth surface implants group. And the other category consisted more healing group and less healing group. The healing time was calculated from point of trauma. RESULTS: The success rate of dental implants is 68.2% that is lower than other studies because of poor vascularity of bone bed and mechanical stress according to trauma. Rough surface implants group and More healing group showed superior success rate to others. (P < 0.05) CONCLUSION: We found that to increase success rate, it may need rough surface implants and longer healing period.
Dental Implants* ; Humans ; Prognosis* ; Stress, Mechanical ; Tooth

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the vertical stability after BSSRO surgery in skeletal class III malocclusion patients with mild anterior open bite and to present a method to increase the stability. MATARIALS AND METHODS: 36 patients, 11 male and 25 female, who received BSSRO surgery with the diagnosis of skeletal class III with anterior open bite at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in Samsung Medical Center, from January 2002 to August 2003, were selected for this study. The patients were between 18 to 45 years of age. Preoperative and postoperative (immediate, 6 months, and 1 year after operation) lateral cephalograms were compared to evaluate the vertical stability by measuring the distance of nasion-menton, mandibular plane angle, and overbite. RESULTS: The nasion-menton distance decreased by 1.65mm immediately after the operation in comparison to the preoperative value. This distance further decreased by 0.60 mm at 6 months and 1.06 mm at 1 year after the operation. The mandibular plane angle increased after the operation and further increased at 6 months and 1 year. The amount of overbite increased by the operation was 2.34mm and an additional increase of 0.70mm at 6 months and 0.94 mm at 1 year were shown. CONCLUSION: Clinically, none of the patients showed relapse of anterior open bite and the vertical stability is highly influenced by orthodontic treatment after the operation. In this study, BSSRO surgery is considered to be a rather reliable procedure that restores stability to skeletal class III malocclusion patients with slight anterior open bite.
Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Malocclusion ; Open Bite* ; Overbite ; Recurrence ; Surgery, Oral

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to establish optimal imaging acquisition conditions for the GE Advance(TM) PET imaging system by performing the acceptance tests designed by National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) protocol and General Electric Medical Systems (GEMS) test procedures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Performance tests were carried out with 18FDG radioactivity source and phantoms by using a standard acquisition mode. Transaxial resolution and scatter fraction tests were performed with a line source and axial resolution with a point source, respectively. A cylindrical phantom made of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) was used to measure sensitivity, count rate losses and randoms, uniformity correction, and attenuation inserts were added to measure remaining tests. The test results were acquired in a diagnostic acquisition mode and analyzed mainly on high sensitivity mode. RESULTS: Transaxial resolution and axial resolution were measured as average of 4.65 mm and 3.98 mm at 0 cm, and 6.02 mm and 6.71 mm at 20 cm on high sensitivity mode, respectively. Average scatter fraction was 9.87%, and sensitivity was 225.8 kcps/micronCi/cc of trues. Activity at 50% deadtime was 4.6 Ci/cc, and the error of count rate correction at that activity was from 1.49% to 3.83%. Average nonuniformity for total slice was 8.37%. The accuracy of scatter correction was -0.95%. The accuracies of attenuation correction were 5.68% for air, 0.04% for water and -6.51% for polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). CONCLUSION: The results satisfied most acceptance criteria, indicating that the GE AdvanceTM PET system can be optimally used for clinical applications.
Electrons* ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 ; Polymethyl Methacrylate ; Polytetrafluoroethylene ; Positron-Emission Tomography* ; Radioactivity ; Water