A study was made of the respiratory effects of acute carbon monoxide poisoning in mongrel dogs. In this study the dogs were divided into two groups, namely the control and the experimental. In the experimental group, carbon monoxide poisoning was induced by the rebreathing of about 2% carbon monoxide gas mixture for 15 minutes, and the respiratory functions in this group were compared to those in the control group. A significant increase in the minute ventilation was noted in both the control and the experimental groups, and in the latter there was an increase in the respiratory rate and a decrease in the tidal volume compared to those in the control group. In both groups, oxygen consumption showed no significant change and there was a fall in the arterial carbon dioxide tension, but the carbon dioxide elimination was slightly lower in the experimental group.
Animals ; Carbon Dioxide ; Carbon Monoxide Poisoning* ; Carbon Monoxide* ; Carbon* ; Dogs ; Oxygen Consumption ; Respiratory Rate ; Tidal Volume ; Ventilation

Since penile prosthesis were introduced clinically, higf operation success rates and good patient satisfaction ratings have been reported. Nevertheless, the complication rates have been reported to range from 4% to 7% penile prosthesis (AMS-CXM) and widespread condylomata on the genitaile. Physical examination revealed that the right prosthesis cylinder had perforated the distal medial side of the corpus cavernosum and almost perforated the distal urethra, and the left cylinder had perforated the distal midline septum and was overhanging the right cylinder. Additionally, condylomata acuminata infected the whole penile skin and lower pubic area. The patient underwent multiple treatments for condyloma, including podophyllin, electrocoagulation, and coagulation using a laser, for 6 months and a "windsock" operation using Gore-Tex in both corpora cavernosa with a penoscrotal skin incision for his prosthetic probiem. There have been no complications at 9 months'follow-up.
Condylomata Acuminata ; Electrocoagulation ; Erectile Dysfunction* ; Genitalia* ; Humans ; Male ; Patient Satisfaction ; Penile Prosthesis ; Physical Examination ; Podophyllin ; Polytetrafluoroethylene ; Prostheses and Implants ; Skin ; Urethra

PURPOSE: To report the clinical outcomes of a volar plate reinforcing technique with free tendon grafts after sesamoid excision for the surgical treatment of subsesamoid arthritis of the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint of the thumb. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eleven consecutive patients that underwent sesamoid excision and volar plate reinforcement using a palmaris longus free tendon graft were enrolled. There were 7 males and 4 females, with an average age of 46 (range, 30-56 years). Post-traumatic arthritis after a hyperextension injury of the thumb was present in 9 patients. Two patients had idiopathic arthritis. All patients were evaluated by objective and subjective criteria, the mean follow-up duration was 19 months (range, 12-35 months). RESULTS: The results were satisfactory overall (3 excellent, 7 good, 1 poor). The mean grip strength and pinch strength significantly improved from 63.0% and 51.3%, respectively, preoperatively, to 84.9% and 88.9%, postoperatively. The mean range of motion for the MCP joint was -5.9/50.9 degrees. The mean DASH and MHQ scores showed significant improvement compared to the preoperative scores. CONCLUSION: The early clinical results suggest that the described technique is a safe and effective option for subsesamoid arthritis of the MCP joint of the thumb.
Arthritis ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hand Strength ; Humans ; Joints ; Male ; Metacarpophalangeal Joint ; Pinch Strength ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Reinforcement (Psychology) ; Tendons ; Thumb ; Transplants ; Palmar Plate

PURPOSE: Here we report clinical results for surgical treatment of 2 cases of pyogenic arthritis and 1 case of tubercular arthritis, which only rarely develops in the sternoclavicular joint. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From September 2003 to September 2008, we did early marginal resection and thorough debridement of osteomyelitis of the sternum and distal clavicle in 3 patients and evaluated clinical results after short-term follow up. RESULTS: All 3 patients were satisfied with their clinical results and none had any recurrences according to follow up X-rays and laboratory datas. The follow up MRI showed bone edema in the distal clavicle and proximal sternum and a little fluid retention around the sternoclavicular joint. CONCLUSION: Even though diagnosis of these diseases are made earlier, infection of the adjacent bone and osteomyelitis could already have developed. We did early marginal resection and thorough debridement of osteomyelitis of the sternum and distal clavicle and achieved satisfactory results.
Arthritis ; Clavicle ; Debridement ; Edema ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Osteomyelitis ; Recurrence ; Retention (Psychology) ; Sternoclavicular Joint ; Sternum

No abstract available.
Amebiasis* ; Diabetes Mellitus* ; Humans ; Kidney* ; Liver*

No abstract available.
Hematoma*

PURPOSE: Clopidogrel is metabolized by the hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) system into its active thiol metabolite. CYP3A4 is involved in the metabolism of both clopidogrel and dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers (CCBs). A few reports have suggested an inhibitory interaction between CCBs and clopidogrel. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of CCBs on the antiplatelet activity of clopidogrel by serial P2Y12 reaction unit (PRU) measurements. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We assessed changes in antiplatelet activity in patients receiving both clopidogrel and CCBs for at least 2 months prior to enrollment in the study. The antiplatelet activity of clopidogrel was measured by VerifyNow P2Y12 assay in the same patient while medicated with CCBs and at 8 weeks after discontinuation of CCBs. After discontinuation of the CCBs, angiotensin receptor blockers were newly administered to the patients or dosed up for control of blood pressure. RESULTS: Thirty patients finished this study. PRU significantly decreased after discontinuation of CCBs (238.1+/-74.1 vs. 215.0+/-69.3; p=0.001). Of the 11 patients with high post-treatment platelet reactivity to clopidogrel (PRU> or =275), PRU decreased in nine patients, decreasing below the cut-off value in seven of these nine patients after 8 weeks. Decrease in PRU was not related to CYP2C19 genotype. CONCLUSION: CCBs inhibit the antiplatelet activity of clopidogrel.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Blood Platelets/*drug effects ; Calcium Channel Blockers/*therapeutic use ; Dihydropyridines/*therapeutic use ; Drug Interactions ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors/*therapeutic use ; Ticlopidine/*analogs & derivatives/therapeutic use

BACKGROUND: Epidermal cysts are the most common type of epithelial cysts of the skin. There have been a few studies to determine the clinical and histopathological characteristics of epidermal cysts. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinicopathological characteristics of 243 cases of epidermal cysts in the province of Chungcheongnam-do. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated the clinical and histopathological features of 243 cases of epidermal cysts at Soonchunhyang University Hospital in Cheonan from January 1998 to December 2008. RESULTS: The ratio of male to female patients was 1.7:1. The age distribution of subjects at the first visit ranged from 11 months to 83 years. The most common site of occurrence was the face. The most common histopathological change of the cystic wall was atrophy. Cystic contents such as calcifications, parakeratotic cells, red blood cells as well as keratinous material were observed. We found stromal changes such as foreign body reactions, fibrosis and granulation tissue. Forty-seven cases were clinically misdiagnosed as other diseases, but subsequent histopathological findings demonstrated the presence of epidermal cysts. No particular relationship was found among duration, size, atrophy of the cyst wall and calcification of keratin material. CONCLUSION: We reaffirmed contiguity with previous reports. In addition, we found some cases could have been clinically misdiagnosed as other diseases. In addition, there was a poor relationship between the duration of the lesion and other variables such as the size of the lesion, the degree of atrophy of the cyst wall and calcification of keratin material.
Age Distribution ; Atrophy ; Epidermal Cyst ; Erythrocytes ; Female ; Fibrosis ; Foreign Bodies ; Granulation Tissue ; Humans ; Keratins ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Skin

BACKGROUND: Milrinone, phosphodiesterase III inhibitor, has been used effectively in patients with right heart failure, especially resulted from pulmonary hypertension. However, milrinone is often used with alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptor agonist to prevent severe systemic vasodilation and unfavorable hypotension. Furthermore, structural and functional vasacular changes are associated with aging and are greatest in the aorta. We evaluated the vasodilatory effects of milrinone and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) on young and old rat aortic rings preconstricted with various catecholamines. METHODS: Aortic rings of young and old rat were placed in 25 ml organ chamber and preconstricted with epinephrine (EPI, 10(-6) M), norepinephrine (NE, 10(-7) M) , phenylephrine 10(-7) M) , and U46619 (10(-8) M). Cummulative dose-responses to milrinone (10(-9)-10(-5) M) and SNP (10(-9)-10(-5) M) were obtained to characterize vasodilatory effects. RESULTS: Relaxation response to milrinone was markedly enhanced in both young and old aortic rings preconstricted with U46619 compared with other vasoconstrictors. The maximal response of the young rat aortic rings preconstricted with NE is significantly reduced, compared with that of EPI. The maximal vasorelaxant response of SNP in young and old aortic rings are nearly identical. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that combined use of milrinone and epinephrine may be more useful in prevention and treatment of systemic hypotension.
15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid ; Adrenergic beta-Agonists ; Aging ; Animals ; Aorta ; Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 3 ; Epinephrine ; Heart Failure ; Humans ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; Hypotension ; Milrinone ; Nitroprusside ; Norepinephrine ; Phenylephrine ; Rats ; Relaxation ; Vasoconstrictor Agents ; Vasodilation

Dyschromatosis universalis hereditaria is a rare pigmentary disorder that's characterized by the presence of both small and irregular sized hyperpigmented and hypopigmented macules in a generalized distribution. The pattern of inheritance is thought to be autosomal dominant, but some sporadic and autosomal recessive inheritance cases have also been reported. We report here on a case of a-15-year old female patient with dyschromatosis universalis hereditaria, which is compatible with autosomal dominant inheritance. The patient presented with numerous small and irregularly sized hyper-and hypopigmented macules on her face, trunk and both the arms and legs, but not on the palms and soles. By analysis of her familial pedigree, we found an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. The biopsy specimen taken from the hyperpigmented macules showed increased melanin granules and pigmentation in the basal cell layer of the epidermis. Various therapeutic trials have been introduced to treat these lesions, but there have been few reports of simple effective treatments for the hyper-and hypopigmented lesions. So, we tried treating the hyperpigmented macules with a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser and we obtained a successful result.
Arm ; Biopsy ; Epidermis ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperpigmentation ; Leg ; Melanins ; Pedigree ; Pigmentation ; Pigmentation Disorders ; Skin Diseases, Genetic ; Wills