Restoration of functional and anatomic changes of kidney in UPJ stricture is one of most important subjects in urology. A clinical observation was made on the 28 cases (29 kidneys) of pyeloplasties for UPJ stricture from Jan. 1976 to Dec. 1981. Of them 20 cases (21 kidneys) were followed up for more than 6 months postoperatively. The following results were obtained; 1. The patients in this series were 22 males and 6 females, and 11 children and 17 adults. The left side was 3 times more frequently affected than the right. They symptoms on admission were mostly flank pain, palpable mass, and etc. 2. Preoperative status of UPJ was; UPJ stricture alone in 20, UPJ stricture with aberrant vessel in 4, UPJ stricture with stone in 3, and UPJ stricture with vesicoureteral reflux in 1 case. 3. Preoperative grade of hydronephrosis was closely related to each other in the functional and anatomic aspects of kidney. In general, children showed relatively more advanced hydronephrosis than adults and the degree of improvement of hydronephrosis postoperatively was similar to each other. 4. Anderson Hynes' method of pyeloplasty in most cases (20 kidneys) and simple pyeloureterostomy in 9 kidneys were performed, and results between both operations showed no difference. But Anderson Hynes' method was more effective in marked hydronephrosis such as giant hydronephrosis and simple pyeloureterostomy in mild hydronephrosis. 5. In cases in which UTI was present preoperatively, postoperative UTI tended more to persist than in those not complicated with preoperative UTI, and in both sides postoperative UTI mostly persisted for 2 months and disappeared within 6 months. 6. The period of nephrostomy and ureteral stent was not directly related to postoperative results, but nephrostomy without ureteral stent relatively showed good results. 7. Postoperative complication was UTI in 2, re-do pyeloplasty in 1 and secondary nephrectomy in 1 case. 8. Improvement Of hydronephrosis continued for about a year after operation. It is recommended that more careful attention should be paid for the first year and be continued to watch for consecutive 2 years.
Adult ; Child ; Constriction, Pathologic* ; Female ; Flank Pain ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis ; Kidney ; Male ; Nephrectomy ; Postoperative Complications ; Prognosis* ; Stents ; Ureter ; Urology ; Vesico-Ureteral Reflux

The clinicopathological study was performed on 80 patients with urinary bladder tumor between 1973 and 1983. The histopathological survey was carried out using preserved tumor specimen slide on the retrospective fashion, that included the growth pattern and vessel invasion. The results were as follows : 1. The tumor histology were papillary and nonpapillary in 70 %, and 30 %, respectively in growth pattern and 74 transitional cell carcinoma(TCC), 3 squamous cell carcinoma(SCC), 2 adenocarcinoma (AC) and 1 mucoepithermoid carcinoma in cell type. 2. The Fade of TCC, Go, G1. G2 and G3 were 1.4%, 36.5%, 39.2% and 22.9% respectively, and the stage of those, in which superficial tumors(pTis-pT1) and invasive tumors( pT2-pT4) were 57.0% and 30.8% respectively. The histopathological mode of local spread was to have strands, nests and individual cells in about one sixth, lymphatic invasion in about one third and venous invasion in about one fifth. 3. The intramural hispathological mode of local spread (INF alpha,beta, and alpha), lymphatic invasion ( lyo, 1 and 2) and venous invasion were highly significant with respect to the hispathological grade and stage, and also within mutual relationship on the other hand.
Adenocarcinoma ; Hand ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; Urinary Bladder*

Although the definition of male pseudohermaphroditism remains controversial, male pseudohermaphrodites will be defined as chromatin-negative individuals who have testis with the failure of normal development of the normal male. Also included are those individuals who may have more than one cell line, but at least one cell line, containing a Y chromosome and no cell line having two X chromosomes. Gonadal histologic findings may be either testicular or streak, but not ovarian. Male pseudohermaphroditism can result as a consequence of 1) absent M(llerian regression, 2) Inadequate synthesis of testosterone, 3) inadequate synthesis of dihydrotestosterone and 4) androgen receptor deficiency. We have seen 5 cases of male pseudohermaphroditism with manifestations of penoscrotal or perineal hypospadias, pubertal virilization, cryptorchism or atrophied testes, and feminization. Four cases had been reared as male and one case as female. All revealed chromatin-negative pattern in buccal smear and testes. After the plausible discussion, two cases were decided to be reared as female and three were as male.
46, XY Disorders of Sex Development* ; Androgen-Insensitivity Syndrome ; Cell Line ; Cryptorchidism ; Dihydrotestosterone ; Female ; Feminization ; Gonads ; Humans ; Hypospadias ; Male* ; Testis ; Testosterone ; Virilism ; X Chromosome ; Y Chromosome

Urachal carcinoma is an uncommon neoplasm associated with a poor prognosis. We have encountered two another cases of urachal adenocarcinoma recently 5 years after our first report. The common sign of urachal cancer was painless hematuria. We diagnosed the specific site of origin preoperatively by means of computerized tomography. One patient was performed partial cystectomy and another was total cystectomy with double barrel ureterocutaneostomy. A brief review of the literature of urachal adenocarcinoma was also made.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Cystectomy ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Prognosis

No abstract available.

No abstract available.

The aim of this study was to assess the degree of association between individual stress and the amount of smoking among male senior students of a medical college. The questionnaire survey was conducted twice for collecting the data on stress level in terms of BEPSl score, smoking amounts, alcohol intake, and residence type in 1992 and 1993. Among the 223 responders, 39.9% were smokers. In the smokers, the association between stress level and smoking amount was significant after controlling for alcohol intake and residence type (P < 0.l). Especially in the group of living without family, the association was more significant (p=0.06). Therefore, it is recommendable that the stress management program is called upon for the student smokers to reduce smoking amount.
Humans ; Male ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Smoke* ; Smoking*

No abstract available.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Drug Therapy* ; Methotrexate*

In order to designate a status necessary for establishment of preventive measures and guidelines of health education against hepatitis B in the course of secondary school education, knowledge and practice toward hepatitis B virus infection was surveyed by a questionnaire method on total of 4,855 college entrants in the academic year of 1987 and analyzed the data collected using IBM PC(Trigem 88-II) with SAS package program. About two percent of college entrants had past history of HBV infections not showing any difference between both sexes and geographical regions. About one third(33.7%) of total students had tested hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg), only 4% had tested hepatitis B surface antibody(HBsAb) and vaccination rate amounted to 24.6%, one fourth of total subjects. Both serological tests and vaccination were most commonly performed during adolescence, showing higher rates in female students than in male students. The rates also seemed to be higher in those from urban cities than those from rural cities. Students who had acquired correct knowledge that hepatitis B was infected by virus were amounted to 78.5% of college entrants, and remaining 21.5% had misunderstood that rickettsia, bacteria, fungi or parasites were casual agents. Female students were better aware of the causal agents than male students but there was no difference between places of growth. As for mode of transmission of HBV, 51.5% of male students and 47.7% of female students had correct knowledge. A very few student had known that fact that HBV was transmitted by body fluids such as tear (6.9%), nasal discharge(10.1%) and semen or vaginal secretion(19.2%) and majority(75%) of students had misunderstood that hepatitis B virus would be transmitted per os through food ingestion. Approximately one half(48.9%) of college entrants had correctly whom to be vaccinated. Approximately one half of the students knew that hepatoma(57.8%) and liver cirrhosis(57.4%) might complicate with hepatitis B virus infection, whereas 12.0% of the students responded that bronchitis was one of the complications of hepatitis B infection. In summary of the above results, we highly recommend that health education program for eradication of hepatitis B virus infection should be introduced in curricula of secondary school education in this country.
Adolescent ; Bacteria ; Body Fluids ; Bronchitis ; Curriculum ; Eating ; Education ; Female ; Fungi ; Health Education ; Hepatitis B virus ; Hepatitis B* ; Hepatitis* ; Humans ; Liver ; Male ; Parasites ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Rickettsia ; Semen ; Serologic Tests ; Tears ; Vaccination

Estrogen and progesterone receptors exist in the epithelial and stromal cells of the endometrium. Proliferative disorders of the endometrium may be associated with autocrine and paracrine actions of estrogen and progesterone in epithelial and stromal cells. This study was performed to evaluate the differences estrogen and progesterone receptor(ER/PR) expression in the epithelial and stromal cells of endometrial hyperplasias and adenocarcinomas using immunohistochemical methods. Immunohistochemical analysis of proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA) was done to evaluate a possible correlation between PCNA and hormone receptor expression. Evaluation was based on samples from 31 simple hyperplasias, 30 complex hyperplasias, and 32 adenocarcinomas. The immunohistochemical expression of ER, PR and PCNA in epithelial and stromal cells were examined according to a scoring system based on the percentage of positive cells and the staining intensity. The results were as follows; 1) The expression of ER and PR in epithelial cells showed a graded, significant decreases in simple hyperplasia, complex hyperplasia and endometrial carcinoma, in that order(ER: P=0.008, PR: P= 0.026). 2) PR expression in the stromal cells showed a significant decrease between hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma(P=0.003). The difference in ER expression was not significant. 3) In stromal cells, the decrease in PR expression was more prominent than the decrease in ER expression when complex hyperplasia was compared to simple hyperplasia. 4) The PCNA expression in simple and complex hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma was not higher than the expression of PCNA in nomal proliferative endometrium. There was no significant difference in PCNA expression between simple and complex hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma(P=0.073). 5) A negative correlation between PCNA and ER/PR expression was not demonstrated in simple and complex hyperplasia, or in adenocarcinoma. Endometrial hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma are probably related to a paracrine action of estrogen and progesterone in epithelial and stromal cells. A progressive loss of PR expression in stromal cells may induce abnormal proliferation of endometrium due to a disrupted hormonal balance.
Adenocarcinoma