No abstract available.
Female* ; Humans ; Urinary Incontinence*

No abstract available.
Female* ; Humans ; Urinary Incontinence*

Fractures and dislocation of the hand is a body injury involving complex structures and multiple functions, which frequently occur as they represent 10%-30% of all fractures. Such fractures and dislocation of the hand should be treated in the context of stability and flexibility; and tailored treatment is required in order to achieve the most optimal functional performance in each patient since deformation may occur if not treated, stiffness may occur with unnecessarily excessive treatment, and both deformation and stiffness may occur coincidently with inappropriate treatment. Stable injuries can be fixed with splintage whereas surgery is actively considered for unstable injuries. In addition, surgeons should keep in mind that as the surgical intervention is done aggressively, aggressive rehabilitation must be followed in correspondence with the surgical intervention. Successful outcome requires effort to prevent any potential complication including nerve hypersensitivity and infection. Finally, it is also important that the patient to know that swelling, stiffness, and pain may last for a long period of time until the recovery of fractures and dislocation of the hand.
Dislocations* ; Finger Injuries ; Hand* ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Pliability ; Rehabilitation

PURPOSE: Is there any relationship between penile size and physical stature? This study was performed to answer this question and provide guidelines of penile size to assist in counseling patients for penile augmentation. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Penile size, body weight and height were measured in 150 young healthy men, and the body mass index(BMI) was calculated in weight(kg)/height(m)2. The penile length and circumference were measured with tape in flaccid and erect states. The 'lengthening ratio' was calculated by 'erect length/flaccid length', and 'tumescent ratio' was calculated by 'erect circumference/flaccid circumference'. All the data was statistically evaluated and the following results were obtained. Result : The average length and circumference were 8.26+/-1.07cm and 8.34+/-1.03cm respectively in the flaccid state, and 13.42+/-1.38cm and 11.17+/-1.05cm in the erect state. The average lengthening and tumescent ratios were 1.64+/-0.22 and 1.35+/-0.08, and were negatively correlated to the flaccid penile length and circumference. Height was positively correlated to erect penile length and lengthening ratio. There was a relationship between body weight and erect penile length in a positive direction, but with other penile parameters there were none. There was no relationship between BMI and any parameters of penile size. However, the erect penile length of the normal BMI group was longer than that of the lower BMI group. CONCLUSIONS: The results show that the flaccid penile size is related to the erect penile size and there is some relation between penile size and physical stature. We believe these results will be applicable to the penile augmentation.
Body Size ; Body Weight* ; Counseling ; Humans ; Male

PURPOSE: We describe a very rare the leiomyosarcoma that developed in the conjunctiva. METHODS: A 59-year-old man was treated at another hospital two months before presenting to our institution. He had not gotten any better and so was admitted to our hospital. He had normal visual acuity and intraocular pressure. However, we found a geographic, highly vascularized mass involving the corneal limbus in the medial bulbar conjunctiva, from which a pterygium had been removed a year previously. An excision of the mass was carried out to detect a suspected conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasm. RESULTS: Tissue obtained from operation had cells with thin nuclei, spindle cells with pleomorphic cigar-shaped nuclei and eosinophilic cytoplasm, atypical cells, and from four to five mitotic figures under ten high power field. In immunohistochemical staining, Vimentin, Smooth muscle actin (SMA), Desmin, CD68 stained positively and cytokeratin, Cam5.2, S-100, HMB-45, CD 34 stained negatively. We found no clues of other origins from the general physical examination. Considering these factors, we conclude that this was a Stage I, G2T1aN0M0 leiomyosarcoma with moderate differentiation. CONCLUSIONS: Analysis by immunohistochemical staining is necessary to detect leiomyosarcoma in the conjunctiva, as it is very rare and hard to diagnose by the histologic method alone. We report a leiomyosarcoma of the conjunctiva after pterygium excision, and suggest that it be considered a differential diagnosis of conjunctival masses, even though it is very rare.
Actins ; Adult ; Carcinoma in Situ ; Conjunctiva* ; Cytoplasm ; Desmin ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Eosinophils ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Keratins ; Leiomyosarcoma* ; Limbus Corneae ; Middle Aged ; Muscle, Smooth ; Physical Examination ; Pterygium ; Vimentin ; Visual Acuity

Nevus anemicus is a congenital anomaly characterized by pale macules of varying size and shape, and it is due to the increased sensitivity of blood vessels to catecholamines. However, the clinical features of nevus anemicus are not yet fully established. A clinical observation was made analyzing 26 cases of nevus anemicus over a 10-year period. Histopathological investigation in 6 cases, stain with Fontana-Masson in 4 cases, irradiation of ultraviolet B in 5 cases, digital infrared thermal imaging in 5 cases and color analysis using true-color imaging in 12 cases were also performed. The results were as follows: 1. The ratio of men to women was 1.2:1. The lesions were mostly(80%) present before the age of 18, but only 15% of the patients' lesions were present at birth. 2. The lesions were most frequently found on the face(33.3%) and neck(33.3%), followed by the chest(14.8%), lower extremities(7.4%) and back(7.4%). 3. Most patients(92.3%) had a single lesion. The extent of the lesions did not exceed 10% of the body surface area and the lesions did not show any progression or resolution. 4. The stainability of Fontana-Masson in nevus anemicus lesions showed no significant change compared with perilesional normal skin. 5. Irradiation of ultraviolet B ray(minimal erythemal dose to 80mJ/cm2) did not induce erythema on nevus anemicus lesions. 6. There was no significant temperature difference between nevus anemicus lesions and perilesional normal skin. 7. There was no significant correlation between chrominance and age. In conclusion, nevus anemicus in Korea shows the same incidence in both sexes, it usually arises at birth or childhood, but it may also develop later in life. Most patients show focal lesions that do not progress or resolve.
Blood Vessels ; Body Surface Area ; Catecholamines ; Erythema ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Male ; Nevus* ; Parturition ; Skin

No abstract available.
Female ; Femur* ; Gestational Age* ; Humans ; Pregnancy* ; Ultrasonography*

No abstract available.
Female ; Humans ; Hysterosalpingography* ; Laparoscopy*

Purpose: With the increasing incidence of recompression fractures after vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty, this study analyzed the risk factors that affect the occurrence of recompression vertebral fractures, such as cement distribution, existence of avascular necrosis (Kummell’s disease), type of procedures, bone mineral density, sex, and age. Materials and Methods: Two hundred and thirty-eight patients who underwent vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty at the author’s clinic from 2005 to 2015 were enrolled in this study. The patients were divided into four groups according to the distribution of injected cement. The patients were classified as type 1 and type 2 when injected cement was contacted only to the upper or lower endplate of the body respectively. They were classified as type 3 when both the upper and lower endplates were contacted by injected cement. When neither the upper nor the lower endplate was contacted, the patients were called type 4. This study statistically evaluated the effects of the risk factors, including the cement distribution on the incidence of recompression vertebral fracture after vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty. Results: There were 59 cases (24.8%) of recompression fracture after vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty, among the 238 cases. According to the analysis, the recompression of the vertebral body after vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty occurred more often when the compression fracture was accompanied by osteonecrosis at the body (p<0.05). The patients who had injected cement distributed at both upper and lower plate simultaneously (type 3) had a lower incidence of recompression fracture of the vertebral body after vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty (p=0.008). In addition, the kyphoplasty group had a lower incidence of recompression after the procedure than vertebroplasty group (p=0.02). Conclusion Careful attention should be given to these patients with osteonecrosis at the compression fracture level through a preoperative evaluation. In addition, if the injected cement does not contact both the upper and lower endplates, careful observation is required during the follow-up period based on the high incidence of vertebral recompression fractures proven through this study. Further technical and biomechanical research and efforts will be needed to make the cement contact both endplates.

OBJECTIVES: Organizations have recently introduced Employee Assistance Programs (EAPs) to promote work performance by helping employees to solve their current problems and reduce stress levels. This cross-sectional, retrospective study was conducted to measure features of work performance among EAP users in Korea. METHODS: Measurements were taken by employee surveys and employee records. Lost productivity time, job/organizational involvement, and job satisfaction were measured among 332 EAP users in ten organizations in Korea, which had introduced EAPs as of 2009. EAP users responded to measurements after one to three months after enrollment in EAP counseling service. A convenience sample of 297 workers, who had not used an EAP counseling service during the study period, was used as a comparison group. RESULTS: Compared with non-users, the EAP users showed more presenteeism (53.22 vs. 47.63 hours per four weeks, p=0.025) and more total lost productivity time (p=0.020). Job satisfaction was correlated with presenteeism. CONCLUSION: EAP users showed decreased productivity. It would appear that EAP counseling is a useful program for those who are present at workplace but suffering from decreased performance due to personal stress. This study indicates the need for a prospective outcome study to assess the economic and clinical value of EAPs.
Absenteeism ; Counseling ; Efficiency ; Employment ; Humans ; Job Satisfaction ; Korea ; Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ; Retrospective Studies ; Stress, Psychological