To study reliability and validity of PWl, this newly developed self-administered questionnaire which measures stress, was given to medial students. All respondent(133) were followed 4 weeks later and 92 were retested. Cronbach's a coefficient of data was 0.93. Test-retest reliability measured by pearson's correlation coefficient was 0.72(p<0.01l). Exploratory factor analysis(EFA) performed by principal axis factor method without iteration and by varimax rotation explored 13 principal components(eigenvalues > l). After exploring 4 factor structure according to previous study results, factor 1 showed good agreement but other factors did not. Confirmatory factor analysis(CFA) showed poor fit of 4 factor model to data. In the further study, it may be considered to model that has unidimensional factor structure.
Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Humans ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Reproducibility of Results*

PURPOSE: Laparoscopic bladder neck suspension is an effective treatment for genuine stress urinary incontinence. To decrease the operating time, associated morbidity and hospital stay, we introduced laparoscopic bladder neck suspension using extracorporeal needle. We assessed the feasibility of this new technique, and compared with simple laparoscopic bladder neck suspension and transvaginal Raz procedure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eleven patients underwent a laparoscopic bladder neck suspension using extracorporeal needle were compared with 16 patients underwent simple laparoscopic bladder neck suspension and 66 patients treated with transvaginal Raz procedure for genuine stress urinary incontinence. All patients were assessed for their age, duration of symptom, operative time, length of hospital stay, postoperative residual urine volume, complications, and success rate. RESULTS: The result of present method was cure in 82% and improvement in 18% of patients. The overall success rate of three methods were similar. Average duration of postoperative admission was 3.4 days and average residual urine volume at discharge was 12.1 ml (simple laparoscopic Burch procedure: 5.1 days and 22.1 ml; Raz procedure: 7.7 days and 37.5 ml). Operative time of laparoscopic bladder neck suspension using extracorporeal needle was shorter than the simple laparoscopic bladder neck suspension and transvaginal Raz procedure (55 vs. 125 and 102 minutes). CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic bladder neck suspension using extracorporeal needle is a good technique for treatment of genuine stress urinary incontinence. However, additional long term follow-up study will be required.
Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Neck* ; Needles* ; Operative Time ; Urinary Bladder* ; Urinary Incontinence*

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of releasing of immobilization on glycogen metabolism of hindlimb muscle after 7days use of a hindlimb casting in mice. The experimental group was divided into control group and recovery groups after removal of left hindlimb casting. The recovery groups, were subivided into the 0, 3rd and 5th day after removal of left hindlimb casting. The results were as follows; 1. The degree of atrophy of hindlimb muscles by 7 days immobilization was measured by ratio of muscle to body weight in plantaris and soleus muscles. The muscle to body weight ratios of plantaris and soleus muscles were decreased by 88% and 74%, respectively on the day of cast removal. The ratios of the both muscles were increased to the level of the control values on the 3rd and 5th day removal of casting. 2. A significant reduction of the glycogen concentration in gastrocnemius muscle occurred after 7 days hindlimb immobilization. The glycogen concentration in gastrocnemius muscle was decreased by 63% on the day of cast removal. The glycogen concentration was recovered to the values of the control group on the 3rd and 5th day after removal of hindlimb casting. 3. The level of muscle glycogen concentration of 25% glucose ingested control group was almost twice that of the normal diet control group. The muscle glycogen concentration of glucose ingested group was significantly less by 81% after 7 days of immobilization compared with the respective control gmup. The concentration recovered to the values of control on the 3rd and 5th day after removal of hindlimb casting. In contrast, there was no significant difference in the liver glycogen concentration between the immobilized grop and the cast removed group in which was removed. 4. The effects of releasing of hindlimb immobilization on plasma glucose, insulin concentration and insulin
Animals ; Atrophy ; Blood Glucose ; Body Weight ; Diet ; Glucose ; Glycogen ; Hindlimb Suspension ; Hindlimb ; Hypokinesia ; Immobilization ; Insulin ; Liver Glycogen ; Metabolism ; Mice ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Muscles

We present a case of familial benign chronic pemphigus in 50-year-old male patient who had had recurrent oozing, macerated and eroded skin lesions on the groin and scrotum for 20 years. At first, we diagnosed his case as scrotal eczema and/or intertrigo, but after repeated recurrance, it was confirmed as above disease by characteristic histopathologic findings.
Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 ; Eczema ; Groin ; Humans ; Intertrigo ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pemphigus, Benign Familial* ; Scrotum ; Skin

We present a case of generalized syringoma in a 12-year-old healthy girl. The patient has numerous skin colored or yellowish papules on the face, neck, anterior chest, axillae and abdomen. She has a family history of eyelid syringoma occuring in her mother and maternal grandmother. Diagnosis was confirmed by characteristic histopathologic findings.
Abdomen ; Axilla ; Child ; Diagnosis ; Eyelids ; Female ; Humans ; Mothers ; Neck ; Skin ; Syringoma* ; Thorax

This investigation was undertaken to clarify the in vitro effect of the various stimulations, such as exercise (E), insulin (I) direct electrical stimulation (EST) and the combinations of the above, on the glucose incorporation intro glycogen molecules (glycogen synthesis) of the normal slow (soleus) and fast twitch (plantaris) muscles, and the different responses of slow and fast twitch muscles to persistent overloads causing compensatory muscle hypertrophy. In resting state, slow twitch muscle has greater capacity for glycogen synthesis than fast twitch muscle, and responses of different muscle to various stimuli were differ as follows: In slow twitch muscle, the glycogen synthesis was increased by insulin, and electrical stimulation but not increased by exercise; exercise increased insulin sensitivity and the effect of electrical stimulation. Whereas the glycogen synthesis in fast twitch muscle was increased only by the stimuli combined with E and EST, and E, I, and EST. As the result of removal of synergistic muscle, both muscles were hypertrophied, and the degree of hypertrophy in response to persistent overload was higher in fast twitch muscle (182%) than slow twitch muscle (151%). In hypertrophied muscles, glycogen synthesis of soleus in any groups was lower than that of the control, but similar in plantaris. In conclusions, there were marked heterogeneity in different muscle fiber in the effects of exercise and insulin addition and electrical stimulation on muscle glycogen synthesis, and fast twitch muscle may be adapted more easily to that kind of persistent overload than slow twitch muscle.
Electric Stimulation ; Glucose* ; Glycogen* ; Hypertrophy ; In Vitro Techniques* ; Insulin ; Insulin Resistance ; Muscles* ; Population Characteristics

The electrocardiography was performed to the 95 patients(58 male, 37 female) with chronic anemia in Department of Internal Medicine, Busan City Hospital, Busan University Hospital, Busan paik Hospital In-Je Medical College, Busan korea between April 1978 and March 1981. The hemoglobin levels were 4 Gm%-10Gm%, and the symptoms such as dizziness, palpitation, weakness, and appetite loss were continued for 6 months or more. The results were as following: 1. The abnormal electrocardiographic changes were observed in 49 of the 95 chronic anemic patients. 2. Prolonged QTc interval was observed in 12(12.6%) of 95 cases, depressed ST segment in 48(50.5%), inverted T wave in 32(33.7%), LVH in 31(32.6%), low voltage in 5(5.3%), and Rt. B.B.B. in 5(5.3%). 3. In the Hb level of 4.0~5.9Gm% 20% of the total 95 patients revealed prolonged QTc interval, 86.7% depressed ST segment, 40% inverted T wave, 20% LVH, 6.7% Rt. B.B.B., in the Hb level of 6.0~7.9Gm 10.6% prolonged QTc interval, 39.3% depressed St segment, 42.9% inverted T wave, 39.3% LVH, 3.6% low voltage and in the Hb level of 8.0-9.9Gm% 11.5% prolonged QTc interval, 46.1% depressed ST segment, 27% inverted T wave, 32.7% LVH and 7.7% low voltage.
Anemia* ; Appetite ; Busan ; Dizziness ; Electrocardiography* ; Hospitals, Urban ; Humans ; Internal Medicine ; Korea ; Male

Clinical analysis of 170 patients with childhood leukemia was made, who were admitted to the department of Pediatrics, Pusan Paik Hospital, Inje University, College of Medicine during 10 years from 1981 to 1990. The results were as follows: 1) The annual number of the patients with childhood leukemia was in the range of 6~25 cases. And the annual rate of the number of the patients in the department of the Pediatrics was 0.37~1.60% with the average of 1.06%. 2) Of the 170 patients, 72 cases(42.3%) were in the range of 0~5 years of age, which was the largest age group. In male, of the 97 patients, the largest age group was the age group of 0~5 years, which included 45 cases (46.4%), while in female, the largest was that of 6~10 years, which included 29 cases of 73 patients (39.8%). 3) Of the 170 patients, sex ratio was 1.33:1 with male dominance in all age groups except 1:1.6 with female dominance in the age group of 6~10 years. 4) Of the 170 patients, 113 cases were ALL (66.5%), 50 cases AML (29.4%), and 7 cases CML (4.1%). 5) In ALL, 51 cases of the 113 patients (45.1%), were in the age group of 0~5 years, 35 cases (31%) in the age group of 6~10 years, and 27 cases (23.9%) in the age group of 11~15 years. In AML, 19 cases of the 50 patients (38.0%) were in the age group of 0~5 years, 17 cases (34%) in the age group of 6~10 years, and 14 cases (28%) in the age group of 11~15 years. 6) In ALL, the sex ratio of male: female was 1.21:1, 1,50:1 in AML, and 2.5:1 in CML. 7) According to the FAB classification in ALL, of the 113 patients, 72 cases (63,7%) were in L1 type, 34 cases (30.0%) in L2 type, and only 3 cases in L3 type. In AML, of the 50 patients, 19 cases (38%) were in M2 type, 16 cases (32%) in M1 type, and 6 cases (12%) in M4 type, in order. 8) In CML, of the 7 patients, 4 cases were juvenile type, who were all under 10 years old, while 3 cases were adult type, who were all male above 11 years old. 9) Of the 170 patients, clinical symptoms on admission were pallor in 112 cases (65.9%), fever in 84 cases (49.4%), hemorrhage in 78 cases (45.9%), weakness in 40 cases (25.3%), bone pain in 32 cases (18.8%) in order. 10) Of the 170 patients, physical findings on admission were hepatomegaly in 113 cases (66.5%), lymphnode swelling in 84 cases (49.4%), splenomegaly in 78 cases (45,9%)in order. 11) Of the 170 patients, the hemoglobin level on admission were 4~7gm/dl in 95 cases (55.9%), 8~10gm/dl in 42 cases (24.7%), and 0~3gm/dl in 22 cases (12.9%) in order. 12) Of the 170 patients, the WBC count on admission were 10,000~50,000/mm3 in 58 cases (34.1%), below, 5,000/mm3 in 49 cases (28.8%), and 5,5000~100,000/mm3 in 24 cases (14.1%) in order. 13) Of the 170 patients, the platelet count on admission were below 50,000/mm3 in 93 cases (54,7%), above 100,000/mm3 in 48 cases (28.2%), 20,000~50,000/mm3 in 43 (25,3%), 43 cases (25,3%), and 50,000~100,000/mm3 in 29 cases (17.1%) in order.
Adult ; Busan ; Child ; Classification ; Female ; Fever ; Hemorrhage ; Hepatomegaly ; Humans ; Leukemia* ; Male ; Pallor ; Pediatrics ; Platelet Count ; Sex Ratio ; Splenomegaly

No abstract available.
C-Reactive Protein* ; Child* ; Diagnosis, Differential* ; Humans ; Meningitis*

This series represents 128 cases of acute gonococcal urethritis treated with doxycycline at the Seoul Red Cross Hospital from the 1st. May to.5th, Oct., 1969. Results of this treatment were divided in three groups: Group I ; Single dose of doxycycline, 300 mg. was administered for this group. 36 cases fall into this category. Cure rate for this group was 36%. Group II; Doxycycline, 200mg. was given on the 1st treatment day and daily dose of 100 mg. for 4 ensuing days. 42 cases were included to this group. Cure rate was 72%. Group III Daily dose of 200 mg. was administered for the remainders, 50 cases for 5 consecutive days. Cure rate was 91%. It was concluded that 200 mg. of doxycycline daily for 5 days dose regime can be recommended for the treatment of acute gonococcal urethritis, especially in cases allergic to penicillin or in which penicillin treatment fails. No anaphylactic shock or some other undesirable side reaction in administering this drug was experienced.
Anaphylaxis ; Doxycycline ; Penicillins ; Red Cross ; Seoul ; Urethritis