The pregnancy-associated breast cancer is one of the most common malignancy developed during pregnant period and occupies 1-2% of the all breast cancer patients. There is no evidence to implicate pregnancy or lactation in either the etiology and the progression of breast cancer. Careful breast examination early in the pregnancy is very important to find solid masses before breast engorgement hides them. But unfortunately, delay in the diagnosis is common and most of patients with operable primary lesions have positive axillary lymph nodes. The treatment of choice is the modified radical mastectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy. The authors report a patient of breast cancer diagnosed and treated during pregnancy with review of literature.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Lactation ; Lymph Nodes ; Mastectomy, Modified Radical ; Pregnancy*

The most frequent ectopic locations of endometriosis include, in descending order of frequency, the ovaries, uterine ligaments, the rectovaginal septum, and peritoneum covering the pelvic organs, that is, uterus, fallopian tubes, rectum, sigmoid colon, and bladder. Endometriosis at the site of episiotomy scar and abdominal scar following cesarean section are very rare conditions among the extrapelvic endometriosis. We have experienced two cases of endometriosis. One occurred from episiotomy scar and the other occurred from abdominal scar following cesarean section. The diagnosis of scar endometriosis is suggested if the symptoms are cyclic or in association with the patient's menstrual cycle. We can use ultrasonography, computerized tomography, magnetic resonance imaging to differentiate from other tumors. Surgical excision is the method of choice for diagnosis and treatment. We report the two cases with review of rare extrapelvic endometriosis.
Cesarean Section* ; Cicatrix* ; Colon, Sigmoid ; Diagnosis ; Endometriosis* ; Episiotomy* ; Fallopian Tubes ; Female ; Ligaments ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Menstrual Cycle ; Ovary ; Peritoneum ; Pregnancy ; Rectum ; Ultrasonography ; Urinary Bladder ; Uterus

Adenoma Malignum (Minimal Deviation Adenocarcinoma) is a rare type well-differenciated adenocarcinoma of uterine cervix. Despite benign histologic appearance, this tumor have usually clinical malignancy. It is quite difficult to diagnosis, and the prognosis is poor. We report of this case with a brief review of literature that Adenoma Malignum was diagnosed early on transvaginal Doppler ultrasonography and MR Imaging and performed hysterectomy.
Adenocarcinoma ; Adenoma* ; Cervix Uteri* ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Hysterectomy ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Prognosis ; Ultrasonography, Doppler

Adenoma Malignum (Minimal Deviation Adenocarcinoma) is a rare type well-differenciated adenocarcinoma of uterine cervix. Despite benign histologic appearance, this tumor have usually clinical malignancy. It is quite difficult to diagnosis, and the prognosis is poor. We report of this case with a brief review of literature that Adenoma Malignum was diagnosed early on transvaginal Doppler ultrasonography and MR Imaging and performed hysterectomy.
Adenocarcinoma ; Adenoma* ; Cervix Uteri* ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Hysterectomy ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Prognosis ; Ultrasonography, Doppler

Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor (SLCT) which belong to the group of sex-cord stromal tumors is a rare ovarian tumor. It usually develops the symptom of masculinization by excessive testosterone from the Leydig cell. In most cases, SLCTs are unilaterally localized (97-98%) and prognosis prove generally favorable with 5-year survival rate (79-90%). Recurrence is rare after a complete resection as well. Rare SLCTs secrete the alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). There is a increasing tendency for the SLCTs that have heterologous elements and low differentiation to secrete the AFP, which is useful in diagnosis of recurrence. The association of a thyroid adenoma and a SLCT has been described rarely. The relation between these two tumors has been suggested on the basis of a relatively high incidence of thyroid adenomas in the presence of such an uncommon ovarian neoplasm. It seems likely that this tumor complex is genetically determined by the aspect of familial neoplastic syndromes. We experienced a case of Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor with AFP-producing Sertoli cells in a 33-years old woman who has past history of thyroid adenoma, amenorrhea and a huge abdominal mass. Therefore, we present it with a brief review of literature.
Adult ; alpha-Fetoproteins* ; Amenorrhea ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; Prognosis ; Recurrence ; Sertoli Cells ; Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumor* ; Survival Rate ; Testosterone ; Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroid Neoplasms*