Peptic ulcer can occur anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract that contact with acid and pepsin. But usually peptic ulcer occurs at the stomach and duodenum and the location of peptic ulcer are localized to specific area within the stomach and duodenum. So I think that predilection of peptic ulcer to localized area may have clue for releaving the pathogenesis of peptic ulcer. So I studied the location of peptic ulcer for the basic reserch of ulcer pathogenesis by means of dividing stomach into antrum, angle, lower body, middle body, upper body and lesser curvature, anterior wall, greater curvature, posterior wall and duodenum into anterior wall, lesser curvature, posterior wall, and greater curvature. The results obtained were as follows: 1) The chronic gastric ulcer was most common in the angle of lesser curvature (22.9%) and second common in the antrum of lesser curvature (22.3%). 2) The location of chronic and acute gastric ulcer was similar. 3) The proximal migration of ulcer site according to increasing age was not observed. 4) Chronic duodenal ulcer was occurred commonly in the lesser curvature (41.8%) and anterior wall (38.3%). 5) As the age increase, the incidence of chronic duodenal ulcer in the lesser curvature was increased and that of chronic duodemal ulcer in the anterior wall was decreased. 6) Acute ulcer of stomach and duodenum has no predilection site.
Duodenal Ulcer ; Duodenum ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Incidence ; Pepsin A ; Peptic Ulcer* ; Stomach ; Stomach Ulcer ; Ulcer

Measuring motor nerve conduction (MNC) in the hypoglossal nerve is an uncommon electrophysiologic study. However, this measurement can be easily performed with a wooden tongue depressor, to which a bipolar bar electrode is fixed by skin tape. We measured the MNC of the hypoglossal nerve in a patient with idiopathic unilateral weakness of the tongue. In the initial MNCs of the hypoglossal nerves, the CMAP amplitude was decreased and the latency was delayed in the lesion site when compared to the healthy site. In the follow-up study after 3 months, similar findings were found. Comparing the initial study with the follow-up one, however, the CMAP amplitude was increased and the latency was shortened in the lesion site. In conclusion, the MNC in the hypoglossal nerve is easy to measure and is useful for the evaluation of the hypoglossal nerve damage.
Electrodes ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hypoglossal Nerve* ; Neural Conduction ; Surgical Tape ; Tongue*

A 69-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of flu-like symptoms and fatigue for 2 weeks. Computed tomography revealed ground glass opacity and consolidation in both the lungs as well as pleural effusion. The patient was diagnosed with pneumonia and was hospitalized. At the time of hospitalization, he complained of shortness of breath and coughed-up blood-tinged sputum. Two days after admission, he died suddenly. An autopsy was performed; cardiomegaly was noted, and further examination revealed that the aortic valve had been destroyed by multiple, irregular vegetations. Herein, we report an autopsy case of infective endocarditis with a review of the relevant literatures.
Aged ; Aortic Valve ; Autopsy* ; Cardiomegaly ; Dyspnea ; Endocarditis* ; Fatigue ; Glass ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Lung ; Pleural Effusion ; Pneumonia ; Sputum

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether magnetically and electrically evoked blink reflexes show the same characteristics in both normal and pathologic conditions, whether the magnetic stimulation technique is more beneficial than the electrical stimulation technique, and whether the magnetic stimulation can therefore replace the conventional electrical stimulation. The blink reflex of 52 healthy persons(19 males, mean age 41.7) and 48 patients with pathologic conditions of facial and trigeminal nerves were investigated using magnetic and electrical stimulation. The shortest latencies of Rl, R2 and R2c (contralateral R2) following magnetic and electrical simulation were not different significantly in both control and patient group. The amplitude and duration had marked intersubject and intrasubject variabilities with both stimulation techniques. 91 of 100 subjects(91%) preferred magnetic stimulation to electrical stimulation. They stated that magnetic stimulation was less painful and more comfortable due to lack of the direct skin contact which was indispensable to the electrical stimulation. They said that mild dull pain and thick-witted sound with magnetic stimulation were unpleasant. Our study showed that the magnetically elicited blink reflex is of the same diagnostic values to the electrically elicited blink reflex. The magnetic stimulation has the advantage of causing less pain and easiness for the examiner to apply to evoke the blink reflex. Therefore, the blink reflex with magnetic stimulation fan replace the electrically elicited blink reflex.
Blinking* ; Electric Stimulation ; Humans ; Male ; Skin ; Trigeminal Nerve

Spinal subarachnoid hematoma (SSH) following diagnostic lumbar puncture is very rare. Generally, SSH is more likely to occur when the patient has coagulopathy or is undergoing anticoagulant therapy. Unlike the usual complications, such as headache, dizziness, and back pain at the needle puncture site, SSH may result in permanent neurologic deficits if not properly treated within a short period of time. An otherwise healthy 43-year-old female with no predisposing factors presented with fever and headache. Diagnostic lumbar puncture was performed under suspicion of acute meningitis. Lumbar magnetic resonance imaging was performed due to hypoesthesia below the level of T10 that rapidly progressed after the lumbar puncture. SSH was diagnosed, and high-dose steroid therapy was started. Her neurological symptoms rapidly deteriorated after 12 hours despite the steroids, necessitating emergent decompressive laminectomy and hematoma removal. The patient’s condition improved after the surgery from a preoperative motor score of 1/5 in the right leg and 4/5 in the left leg to brace-free ambulation (motor grade 5/5) 3-month postoperative. The patient was discharged with no neurologic deficits. Critical complications such as SSH can be fatal. Therefore, a patient undergoing lumbar puncture must be carefully observed. A hematoma that convincingly compresses the spinal cord or cauda equina on imaging results requires early surgical decompression and hematoma removal.
Adult ; Back Pain ; Cauda Equina ; Causality ; Decompression, Surgical ; Dizziness ; Female ; Fever ; Headache ; Hematoma* ; Humans ; Hypesthesia ; Laminectomy ; Leg ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Meningitis ; Needles ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Punctures ; Spinal Cord ; Spinal Cord Injuries ; Spinal Puncture* ; Steroids ; Walking

Anti-N-methyl-D aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is often accompanied with ovarian teratomas. It has a variety of clinical manifestations including psychiatric symptoms, seizure, and motor dysfunctions. The diagnosis can be definite when clinical symptoms are present and anti-NMDAR antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid are detected. However, in patients with suspected anti-NMDAR encephalitis with teratomas, early surgery may help the clinical outcome even if the antibodies are initially negative. The authors report a patient whose clinical symptoms improved significantly after early removal of teratoma.

BACKGROUND: Anterior cerebral artery (ACA) flow abnormalities on a transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (TCD) represent various conditions, which include hyperemic collateral to the ipsilateral middle cerebral artery (iMCA) or contralateral internal carotid artery (cICA) pathology, and ipsilateral anterior cerebral artery (iACA) stenosis. However, studies related to these conditions have rarely been done. We evaluated the hemodynamic significance of ACA flow abnormalities on TCD without angiographic information. METHODS: We analyzed TCD records, which were recruited consecutively during a 10-month period in our laboratory. ACA abnormalities on TCD were defined as follows: 1) mean flow velocities (mFV) of ACA>80 cm/sec; 2) ipsilateral mFV ACA/MCA> 1.2; 3) anterior cerebral artery veloci-ty ratios (ACAVR)> 1.34. We then correlated TCD patterns with a magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) or trans-femoral cerebral angiography (TFCA). RESULTS: Thirty-five patients were recruited to participate in this study. Based on MRA or TFCA, we found 4 patterns of vascular status which could explain the ACA abnormalities on the TCD. The iMCA pathology was demonstrated in 14 cases, cICA pathology in 11 cases, iACA stenosis in 3 cases, and cACA hypoplasia in 5 cases. Eight cases did not show any vascular pathology. CONCLUSIONS: ACA flow abnormalities should be evaluated with absolute flow velocity indicies, as well as other indexes, which mostly signify hyperemic collateral flow to the iMCA or cICA steno-occlusion. (J Korean Neurol Assoc 19(4):349~353, 2001)
Angiography ; Anterior Cerebral Artery* ; Carotid Artery, Internal ; Cerebral Angiography ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Angiography ; Middle Cerebral Artery ; Pathology ; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial*

Renin-Angiotensin system (RAS) has been suggested as one of important factors in stress-related responses, and also suggested to be a pro-oxidant in mammals. Studies about antioxidant activity changes in brain by systemic administration of angiotensin II (Ang II) may be valuable data in the clarification of pathogenesis and development of treatment modalities for the psychologic stress-induced somatic disease, such as stress-induced hypertension. We examined, therefore, antioxidant defense changes in the brain induced by Ang II. Antioxidant enzyme activities including superoxide dismutase (SOD), contents of glutathione (GSH), and lipoperoxidation (LPO) were measured in the dissected specimens of the brain regions after subcutaneous injection of human Ang II. In this study, peripheral administration of Ang II decreased LPO in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, striatum, hypothalamus of Sprague-Dawley rats. Ang II increased activities of SOD, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase in the hippocampus and striatum. Borderline-hypertensive rats (BHR), a well-known animal model for stress-induced hypertension, showed some differences in the Ang II-induced antioxidant activity changes, comparing with SD rats. In the BHR, peripheral administration of Ang II significantly decreased the activities of antioxidant enzymes and contents of GSH, increased LPO contents in the various regions of brain. These results suggested that oxidative stress on the brain due to Ang II may be greater in the BHR than SDs, and RAS may be one of important pathophysiologic factors for stress-induced hypertension in BHR.
Angiotensin II ; Animals ; Brain* ; Cerebral Cortex ; Glutathione ; Glutathione Peroxidase ; Glutathione Reductase ; Hippocampus ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Hypothalamus ; Injections, Subcutaneous ; Mammals ; Models, Animal ; Oxidative Stress ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Renin-Angiotensin System ; Superoxide Dismutase

To identify acanthocephala found in 'Changran-pickles' and 'Myungran-pickles' each organ was measured in permanent slides. In the present report, the results obtained were as follows: 1. Morphology of male worms: Worms possessed 18-19 longitudinal rows, with 4 hooks per row, which became smaller towards the base of proboscis. Each worm contained two testis and six cement glands arranged linearly. Body 22.0 by 0.8-0.6 mm and 15.0 by 0.6-0.4 mm, proboscis 284.8 by 227.6 microgram and 524.9 by 151.4 microgram, proboscis sheath 1570.7 by 72.7 microgram and 751.9 by 280.4 microgram, lemnisci length 2566.7 and 1085.6, testis 2202.9-1860.5 by 737.0-575.7 microgram and 1033.8-981.1 by 463.1-351.6 microgram, cement glands 940.2 by 441.2 microgram and 610.0 by 369.1 microgram. 2. Morphology of female worms: Worms possessed 14-18 longitudinal rows, with 6-10 hooks per row and become smaller toward the base of proboscis. Each worm contained an uterine bell and uterus in the posterior portion and the eggs filled the body cavity. Body 14.0~51.0 mm by 0.7-0.5~2.2-1.4 mm, proboscis 466.1-268.9 microgram by 259.9-252.0 microgram, proboscis sheath 1550.7-506.0 by 298.8-231.1 microgram, lemnisci length 1325.7-473.1 microgram, eggs 112.4 by 28.5 microgram~51.7 by 14.0 microgram. In this present study, the acanthocephala collected in 'Changran-pickles' and 'Myungran-pickles' were identified as Echinorhynchus gadi by morphological features.
Acanthocephala/anatomy & histology/classification/*isolation & purification ; Animals ; Female ; Fish Diseases/*parasitology ; Fishes ; Helminthiasis, Animal/*parasitology ; Korea ; Male ; Seafood/*parasitology

Retroperitoneal lipoma probably constitute the group of the most massive solid abdominal tumors; their etiology is unknown; their symptoms insidious; and recurrence and sarcomatous change frequent. The clinical diagnosis was made by clinical symptoms, physical findings and radiologic evaluation such as intravenous urography, ultrasonography, computed tomography, angiography and so on. Abdominal CF scan provided clinically the most useful information regarding the state of tumors and also their effect on adjacent structures and shows homogenous appearing fat tissue with a low attenuation coefficient identical to that found in the subcutaneous fat. We present a case of treatment for a huge retroperitoneal lipoma in a 46-year-old man.
Angiography ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Lipoma* ; Middle Aged ; Recurrence ; Subcutaneous Fat ; Ultrasonography ; Urography