OBJECTIVE: This study was to investigate the prevalence of tardive dyskinesia (TD) in Korean inpatients using antipsychotics and the relationship between TD and sociodemographic, clinical variables. METHODS: This study was done from January to Feburary, 2003, at the Seoul National Mental Hospital. A cross-sectional assessment of randomly selected inpatients (n=324;mean age=39.73+/-9.63years) with DSM-IV schizophrenia, schizoaffective, bipolar disorder was performed with standard rating instrument for TD and extrapyramidal symptoms. The relations between the prevalence of TD and sex, age, length of medication and dosage of antipsychotics, clozapine, and other psychotropic medication, EPS were analyzed with Chi-square test or t-test. RESULTS: Using Schooler and Kane's criteria, 20 subjects (6.17%) had TD. TD was significantly less prevalent in patients receiving clozapine. There was no other significant difference between the TD and without TD groups with respect to type of antipsychotics, other psychotropic drug, antiparkinsonian drug, mood stabilizer augmentation. CONCLUSION: The result of this study have confirmed the lower prevalence of TD among inpatients using antipsychotics compared to previous investigations. The study has also replicated the association of TD with older age. Clozapine use was associated with lower prevalence rate of TD.
Antipsychotic Agents* ; Bipolar Disorder ; Clozapine ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Hospitals, Psychiatric ; Humans ; Inpatients* ; Movement Disorders* ; Prevalence* ; Schizophrenia ; Seoul

No abstract available.
Calcitriol* ; Dehydroepiandrosterone* ; Gene Expression* ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha*

No abstract available.
Calcitriol* ; Dehydroepiandrosterone* ; Gene Expression* ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha*

To identify acanthocephala found in 'Changran-pickles' and 'Myungran-pickles' each organ was measured in permanent slides. In the present report, the results obtained were as follows: 1. Morphology of male worms: Worms possessed 18-19 longitudinal rows, with 4 hooks per row, which became smaller towards the base of proboscis. Each worm contained two testis and six cement glands arranged linearly. Body 22.0 by 0.8-0.6 mm and 15.0 by 0.6-0.4 mm, proboscis 284.8 by 227.6 microgram and 524.9 by 151.4 microgram, proboscis sheath 1570.7 by 72.7 microgram and 751.9 by 280.4 microgram, lemnisci length 2566.7 and 1085.6, testis 2202.9-1860.5 by 737.0-575.7 microgram and 1033.8-981.1 by 463.1-351.6 microgram, cement glands 940.2 by 441.2 microgram and 610.0 by 369.1 microgram. 2. Morphology of female worms: Worms possessed 14-18 longitudinal rows, with 6-10 hooks per row and become smaller toward the base of proboscis. Each worm contained an uterine bell and uterus in the posterior portion and the eggs filled the body cavity. Body 14.0~51.0 mm by 0.7-0.5~2.2-1.4 mm, proboscis 466.1-268.9 microgram by 259.9-252.0 microgram, proboscis sheath 1550.7-506.0 by 298.8-231.1 microgram, lemnisci length 1325.7-473.1 microgram, eggs 112.4 by 28.5 microgram~51.7 by 14.0 microgram. In this present study, the acanthocephala collected in 'Changran-pickles' and 'Myungran-pickles' were identified as Echinorhynchus gadi by morphological features.
Acanthocephala/anatomy & histology/classification/*isolation & purification ; Animals ; Female ; Fish Diseases/*parasitology ; Fishes ; Helminthiasis, Animal/*parasitology ; Korea ; Male ; Seafood/*parasitology

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to know the changes and types of diabetes mellitus (DM) in children who lived in Jeollabuk-do for last 26 years. METHODS: We subdivided 26 years (January 1981-December 2006) as group 1 (January 1981-December 1993) and group 2 (January 1994-December 2006). Patients under 15 years old who had been newly diagnosed with DM in these periods in general hospitals situated in Jeollabuk-do were reviewed retrospectively about clinical conditions at the onset. RESULTS: 141 patients were enrolled; group 1 was 43 (30.5%) and group 2, 98 (69.5%). Patients number in same period increased over twice. For types of diabetes, group 1 was all type 1 diabetes and group 2 was 75.5% in type 1 diabetes, 21.4% type 2 diabetes and 3.1% clinically suspected maturity onset diabetes of the youth (cMODY). The incidence of diabetes was 0.12 patients per 100,000 under 15 years old in 1980 and increased upto 4.73 ones in 2005. The diagnosed mean age increased from 8.9 years (group 1) to 10.3 years (group 2), but type 1 diabetes had no significant difference. Diabetes occurred in girls more than boys. Two-thirds of all patients were diagnosed in the winter (December-February) and the spring (March-May). CONCLUSION: The incidence of childhood diabetes in Jeollabuk-do increased rapidly and type 2 diabetes was remarkable. We think these aspect would be not only the problem in this province but also the national one. So, we suggest that the practicing of the dynamic survey nationwide is important for the treatment and the management of childhood diabetes.
Adolescent ; Child ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Incidence ; Retrospective Studies

No abstract available.

STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical efficacy and long term results of patients undergoing percutaneous vertebroplasty, with bone cement, for osteoporotic compression fractures. SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW: Percutaneous vertebroplasty is an effective surgical method for the treatment of osteoporotic compression fracture. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Among 82 patients who underwent percutaneous vertebroplasty, with bone cement, between February 2005 and February 2008, 54 patients who were followed-up for more than 4 years were selected. We compared the postoperative clinical and radiological findings immediately and at 1, 2, and 4 year follow-up. Clinical findings were evaluated using the Visual analogue scale (VAS) score. Radiologically, height of the vertebral body and adjacent vertebral body fracture were also assessed. RESULTS: Clinical outcome by mean VAS score revealed a change from 5.9 to 3.8 points preoperatively. The mean VAS scores were 3.4, 3.5 and 3.7 at 1, 2, 4 year follow-up, retrospectively. The compression rate of the vertebral body on plain radiographs was 30.8% preoperatively, 22.4% immediately after the operation, 23.2% at 1 year follow-up, 26.9% at 2 year follow-up, and 29.7% at 4 year follow-up. A new adjacent vertebral body fracture was noted in 7 patients at 1 year follow-up and 3 patients at 2 and 4 year follow-up, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Percutaneous vertebroplasty is a valuable method for the treatment of osteoporotic compression fractures, providing immediate pain relief as well as long term pain relief. However, percutaneous vertebroplasty gave unsatisfactory report about height of the vertebral body and adjacent vertebral body fracture.
Follow-Up Studies ; Fractures, Compression ; Humans ; Osteoporosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Vertebroplasty

No Abstract Available.
Carcinoma, Merkel Cell*

We report on a case of torsion of an accessory spleen occurring in a 19-year-old female. She was admitted with a three-day history of left-upper quadrant pain that became slowly aggravated. On physical examination, left-side abdominal tenderness was observed, most markedly in the left upper quadrant, but no rebound tenderness was noted. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan showed a non-enhancing mass with a tubular vascular pedicle and normal enhancing spleen in the left upper abdomen. Doppler ultrasound showed no vascular flow within the hypoechoic mass in the left upper abdomen. Torsion of an accessory spleen was suspected, and emergent laparoscopic exploration was performed. Laparoscopic exploration showed a large rounded violet mass with a tw isted vascular pedicle, located anterior to the normal spleen. The mass was excised laparoscopically and then removed through a 2.5 cm extended incision of the left-sided trocar incision. Postoperative recovery was normal and she was discharged on the fifth postoperative day.
Abdomen ; Female ; Humans ; Physical Examination ; Spleen* ; Surgical Instruments ; Ultrasonography ; Viola ; Young Adult

We report on a case of torsion of an accessory spleen occurring in a 19-year-old female. She was admitted with a three-day history of left-upper quadrant pain that became slowly aggravated. On physical examination, left-side abdominal tenderness was observed, most markedly in the left upper quadrant, but no rebound tenderness was noted. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan showed a non-enhancing mass with a tubular vascular pedicle and normal enhancing spleen in the left upper abdomen. Doppler ultrasound showed no vascular flow within the hypoechoic mass in the left upper abdomen. Torsion of an accessory spleen was suspected, and emergent laparoscopic exploration was performed. Laparoscopic exploration showed a large rounded violet mass with a tw isted vascular pedicle, located anterior to the normal spleen. The mass was excised laparoscopically and then removed through a 2.5 cm extended incision of the left-sided trocar incision. Postoperative recovery was normal and she was discharged on the fifth postoperative day.
Abdomen ; Female ; Humans ; Physical Examination ; Spleen* ; Surgical Instruments ; Ultrasonography ; Viola ; Young Adult