No abstract available.
Cesarean Section, Repeat* ; Female ; Fistula*

PURPOSE: We compared the efficacy and patient satisfaction between shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) and ureteroscopic removal of stone (URS) for the treatment of lower ureteral stones. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed 223 patients who were treated for lower ureteral stones from August 2006 to January 2009. SWL and URS were performed in 47 and 176 patients, respectively. After treatment, the patients' subjective inconvenience/pain and their satisfaction with the treatment process were estimated by questionnaire. We analyzed success rates, complication rates, inconvenience/pain scores, and satisfaction scores for each group of patients. RESULTS: The overall success rates of SWL and URS were 82.9% and 97.7%, respectively (p=0.001). The complication rates of SWL and URS were 8.5% and 10.8%, respectively (p=0.162). The satisfaction scores of SWL and URS were 7.4 and 9.2, respectively (p=0.001). Whereas 87.5% of the URS group preferred the same treatment in case of a recurrence of ureteral stones, only 68% of the SWL group preferred the same treatment in the future (p=0.002). CONCLUSIONS: URS was more successful and satisfactory to the patients with lower ureteral stones. Although both SWL and URS were highly effective for treatment of distal ureteral stones, we believe that URS is the first-line treatment modality for lower ureteral stones.
Humans ; Lithotripsy ; Patient Satisfaction ; Recurrence ; Shock ; Treatment Outcome ; Ureter ; Ureteroscopy

No abstract available.
Pregnancy*

Serum immunoglobulins from Israeli carp (I. carp) were purified using affinity chromatography. Fish were immunized with purified mouse IgG, and the specific fish antibodies purified from the immune serum on a mouse IgG-immobilized agarose gel. Rabbit anti-carp Ig (Raclg) antibodies were produced following hyperimmunization with mlgG specific I. Carp Ab. SDS-PAGE analysis under reducing condition showed that I. carp Ig (clg) were composed of two u-like heavy chains with about 82 and 50 kD, respectively and one light chain with about 25 kD. On immunoblotting analysis, however, Raclg failed to react with light chain. When both protein A and protein G purified normal clg were compared with mlgG specific clg, no significant structural differences among them were observed. To investigate if there is any homology between other fish Ig molecules, cross-reactivity of Raclg against Ig molecules from 6 different fish sera and mouse control serum was checked on immunoblotting analysis. As a result, Raclg responded to only carp and tilapia Ig molecules, indicating that both tilapia and carp are very closely associated, especially, in the genetic basis of immunoglobulin structure. In flow cytometry study, Raclg appeared to recognize 45.8% of carp Ig+, 14.5% of catfish Ig+ and <5% of tilapia Ig+ cells. The result suggest the heterogeniety between receptor immunoglobulins on B-like lymphocytes and soluble immunoglobulins in serum. It is crucial to obtain pure fish immunoglobulins to produce reagent antibodies as tools for the study of their specific immune response.
Animals ; Antibodies ; Carps* ; Catfishes ; Chromatography, Affinity ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Flow Cytometry ; Immunoblotting ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulins* ; Lymphocytes ; Mice ; Sepharose ; Staphylococcal Protein A ; Tilapia

Cloeortolone (9-a-chloro-6-a fluoro-11-B 21 digydroxy-16 methyl preganl,4-diene) is a newly synthesized corticonsteroid which has been found to have potent antinflammatory action and good tolerance through animal experiment. Several investigators reported its therapeutic affect in various dermatoses by topical application. The present was undertaken to evaluate the therapeutic effect of 0.1% clocortolone cream (Purantix-Sandoz) in patients with eczematous dermatoses and with psoriasis and to compare its effect with that of I% hydrocortisone. Eleven patients with contact dermatitis, 10 with psoriasis entered this study durtin the period of 6 months from January to june, 1977 at the Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University Hospital. All patients were instructed to apply 0.1% Clocortolone cream on one side of their lesion and 1%hydrocortisone cream on the opposite site for two weeks. After wo weeks' period of observation the status of the lesion was evaluated clinically and the tesults were as follows. 1. Ninety one percent of patiens with contact dermatitis, 70% of atopic dermatitis, 60% of nenrodermatitis, 67% of nummular eczema and 60% of psoriasis responded very effectively or moderately effectively. The therapeutic responses were generally similar to that of 1% hydrocortisone. 2. During the ovservation period, there was no systemic of local side effect of 0.1% Clocortolone cream.
Animal Experimentation ; Dermatitis, Atopic ; Dermatitis, Contact ; Dermatology ; Eczema ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone ; Psoriasis ; Research Personnel ; Seoul ; Skin Diseases*

It is generally accepted that posterior cruciate ligament is the prime stabilizer and perhaps the most importent ligament in the knee. We agreed that primary repair or reconstruction of ruptured posterior cruciate ligament is essential. Recently Clancy reported good results to correct knee instability due to rupture of the posterior cruciate ligament with a procedure that employes a free graft of one-third of the patella tendon with its tibial and patella attachments. The free patella tendon graft has been shown to revascularize readly, develop resonably high tensile strengh, allow bone to bone healing, have excellent static stability and not to deprive the knee of a significant stabilizer. So, we analized the 10 cases of the posterior cruciate ligament injuries who were admitted and treated reconstruction using free patella tendon graft in Busan Paik Hospital between May, 1984 to Dec, 1986 and obtained the following results. 1. In 8 cases, obtained satisfactory results. In 2 cases, obtained unsatisfactory results due to combined other compartment injuries, but improved posterior stability than preoperative status. 2. Reconstruction of posterior crucitae ligament using free patella tendon graft was excellent procedure for regaining of static stability of the knee.
Busan ; Knee ; Ligaments ; Patella ; Patellar Ligament ; Posterior Cruciate Ligament ; Rupture ; Transplants

The number of workers with noise induced hearing loss which comprise 56.9% in the total number of workers with work-related diseases in Korea of 1994, are becoming in position of the most serious problem. Periodic health examination system which was introduced for health care of workers on hazardous workplace has played important role in health care and the prevention of work-related diseases. The goal of periodic health examination may be obtained when we not only discover occupational disease, but also control them effectively. To study the post-examination health status of workers with noise induced hearing loss diagnosed from 1991 to 1994 in the periodic health examination, all 154 workers in 102 manufacturing factories in Banwol and Siwha industrial complex were reviewed. ' 1. Among 154 workers, 87 workers (56.5%) were changed to different department, 67 workers (43. 5%) remained in the same department. 2. Among 102 workplaces, only 23 workplaces (22.9%) 'had changed their working environment while 79 workplaces (77.1%) did not. 3. In this study, post-examination health care of the workers diagnosed as noise induced-hearing loss had significant correlated with the presence of health care manager, Industrial Health and Safety Committee in workplace and size of industry. The improvement of working environment is also closely related with the presence of health care manager in workplace. 4. Among 154 respondents, 3 Wkers(l. 9%) had received! compensationwhile 151; workers(98.1%) did not. 5. The reasons for not requesting the compensation were that 117 workers (77.5^) were ignorant of the administrative procedure for compensation, 30 workers (19.9%) were not sure of receiving compensation, 4 workers (2.6%) were busy. Considering the result of this study, we must establish the guide of management or contents of post management for noise induced hearing loss. To prevent the noise induced hearing loss, and protect the workers with noise induced hearing loss, education about post management is much required for employer and employee.
Compensation and Redress ; Data Collection ; Delivery of Health Care* ; Education ; Hearing Loss* ; Hearing* ; Korea ; Noise* ; Occupational Diseases ; Occupational Health

The number of workers with noise induced hearing loss which comprise 56.9% in the total number of workers with work-related diseases in Korea of 1994, are becoming in position of the most serious problem. Periodic health examination system which was introduced for health care of workers on hazardous workplace has played important role in health care and the prevention of work-related diseases. The goal of periodic health examination may be obtained when we not only discover occupational disease, but also control them effectively. To study the post-examination health status of workers with noise induced hearing loss diagnosed from 1991 to 1994 in the periodic health examination, all 154 workers in 102 manufacturing factories in Banwol and Siwha industrial complex were reviewed. ' 1. Among 154 workers, 87 workers (56.5%) were changed to different department, 67 workers (43. 5%) remained in the same department. 2. Among 102 workplaces, only 23 workplaces (22.9%) 'had changed their working environment while 79 workplaces (77.1%) did not. 3. In this study, post-examination health care of the workers diagnosed as noise induced-hearing loss had significant correlated with the presence of health care manager, Industrial Health and Safety Committee in workplace and size of industry. The improvement of working environment is also closely related with the presence of health care manager in workplace. 4. Among 154 respondents, 3 Wkers(l. 9%) had received! compensationwhile 151; workers(98.1%) did not. 5. The reasons for not requesting the compensation were that 117 workers (77.5^) were ignorant of the administrative procedure for compensation, 30 workers (19.9%) were not sure of receiving compensation, 4 workers (2.6%) were busy. Considering the result of this study, we must establish the guide of management or contents of post management for noise induced hearing loss. To prevent the noise induced hearing loss, and protect the workers with noise induced hearing loss, education about post management is much required for employer and employee.
Compensation and Redress ; Data Collection ; Delivery of Health Care* ; Education ; Hearing Loss* ; Hearing* ; Korea ; Noise* ; Occupational Diseases ; Occupational Health

An unusual case of homicide of a 21-year-old man who was smothered with a hot steam towel by his mother and a pastoress in the name of exorcism. Homicidal smothering in adults is rare, but does occur when the victims are not capable of defending themselves in situations such as chronic illness, old age, drug intoxication or when restrained by other people. In this case, distinct facial scalding was a clue to smothering with a hot steam towel.
Adult ; Chronic Disease ; Homicide ; Humans ; Mothers ; Steam

OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to compare the characteristics of psychiatric inpatients in mental health related facilities and community mental health services-utilizing patients by diverse factors in Korea. METHODS: Questionnaires were sent via mail to 140 standard mental health centers from October to December of 2008. 64 facilities responded and data of 461 mentally disabled who are registered at and utilize the services of these mental health centers were analyzed. T-test and cross-analysis were performed to determine the differences in the averages of the variables and the discrepancy in ratios, respectively. RESULTS: Differences between long-term psychiatric inpatients and community mental health services-utilizing patients were seen in characteristics such as gender, age, type of medical coverage, family support systems, diagnosis, age of onset, duration of hospitalization, community-dwelling period, and clinical symptoms and functions. It was significantly short in length of stay in facilities in users of community mental health services with comparison to institutionalized patients. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that invigoration of community mental health services is an alternative that can help deter long-term hospitalization.
Age of Onset ; Community Mental Health Services* ; Diagnosis ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Inpatients ; Korea* ; Length of Stay ; Mental Health* ; Mentally Disabled Persons ; Postal Service ; Surveys and Questionnaires