No abstract available.
Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis* ; Liver*

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The clinical manifestation of Henoch-Schonlein purpura and existance of renal involvement may influence on its course and prognosis. To verify prevention with early administration of steroid, we studied the efficacy of corticosteroid treatment. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We analysed 65 children under 15 years of age with Henoch-Scho nlein purpura according to their age, sex, and seasonal incidence. Forty children showed typical skin lesions, arthralgia and abdominal pain. We have divided them two groups. Group A consisted of 20 children who received 1 mg/kg of prednisolone/perday for 2 weeks and group B did not. We carried out their physical examination and urinalysis monthly for a year. RESULT: The main clinical manifestations were skin rash(100% ), abdominal symptoms(41.5 %), joint symptoms (49.2%), and renal involvement(34%). As for gastrointestinal symptoms, abdominal pain(66.7% ) was most commonly observed one and others were nausea or vomiting (44.7%) and melena(25.9%). The joint involvement was observed mostly in knee(56.3%) and ankle joint(31.3% ), Hematuria was observed in all cases with renal involvement and proteinuria, in 28% of them. The improvement of renal manifestations were noted in 84.2% of them within 4 months. Mild elevation of IgA was more frequently observed in renal involvement group than non-involved group (p< 0.01). There were no significant differences in immonologic parameters such as IgG, IgM, IgE, duration of the acute phase and severity of cutaneous symptoms between two growps. None of steroid treated growp showed progression of nephropathy. Of the 20 non-steroid treated growp, 2(10%) developed nephropathy. Conclusion We may suggest that existance of renal involvement in Henoch-Schonlein purpura influences its course and prognosis.
Abdominal Pain ; Ankle ; Arthralgia ; Child ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin A ; Immunoglobulin E ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulin M ; Incidence ; Joints ; Nausea ; Physical Examination ; Prognosis ; Proteinuria ; Purpura* ; Purpura, Schoenlein-Henoch ; Seasons ; Skin ; Urinalysis ; Vomiting

No abstract available.
Leiomyoma*

No abstract available.
Rupture* ; Scrotum* ; Ultrasonography*

In order to determine the value of CT in the diagnosis of choledocholithiasis, the authors retrospectivelystudied 33 cases of choledocholithiasis proven by surgery from January 1983 to June 1985. Among them, 15 caseswere examined by both CT and ultrasonography. The results were as follows: 1. There were 12 men and 21 women withmean age of 57 years. 2. CT correctly diagnosed choledocholithiasis in 29(88%) of total 33 cases. There were 4false negative diagnoses and there were no false positive. 3. In 15 cases which were examined by both CT andultrasonography, 13(86%) cases were correctly diagnosed by CTand 7(46%) by utrasonography. 4. The majority(88%) ofcholedocholithiasis were demonstrated as calcific density and 4 cases(12%) were nearly isodense to pancreas. 5.Most cases were shown as homogenous density and 5 cases(16%) as ringlike structure with low density center andhigh density periphery. 6. Additional findings, such as intrahepatic and/or GB stones, pericholangitic abscess, GBempyema, ascites, and liver cirrhosis were also identified by CT. 7. CT is effective for noninvasive and accuratedetection of choledocolithiasis. So invasive cholangiography, such as E.R.C.P or P.T.C can be reserved in manycases of choledocholithiasis.
Abscess ; Ascites ; Cholangiography ; Choledocholithiasis ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Male ; Pancreas ; Ultrasonography

Purpose: To establish age/sex-specific reference intervals for serum uric acid and to examine the associations between serum uric acid level and metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components in Korean children and adolescents. Methods: We analyzed data for 1,349 subjects aged 10 to 19 years from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2016–2017. Results: The mean uric acid levels were 5.9±1.3 mg/dL (interquartile range, 5.0–6.8 mg/dL) in males and 4.6±0.9 mg/dL (interquartile range, 3.9–5.2 mg/dL) in females. The mean uric acid level increased significantly from 10–13 years of age in males, but not in females. The overall prevalence of MetS was 5.9% (7.3% in males and 4.3% in females; P=0.022). The prevalences of MetS in the lowest, second, third, and highest quartiles of uric acid level were 4.4%, 3.3%, 6.1%, and 15.2%, respectively, in males (P for trend <0.001) and 1.9%, 0.0%, 4.1%, and 10.9%, respectively, in females (P for trend <0.001). Compared with the lowest quartile of uric acid level, the odds ratio (with 95% confidence interval) for MetS in the highest quartile was 2.897 (1.140–7.361) in males and 5.173 (1.459–18.342) in females. Subjects in the highest quartile exhibited increased risk for abdominal obesity and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in both sexes. Conclusion Serum uric acid level is positively associated with MetS and its components abdominal obesity and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.

No abstract available.

PURPOSE: To examine the occurrence and risk factors of decompensation and the additional treatment of increased hyperopia in refractive accommodative esotropia. METHODS: Seventy children with refractive accommodative esotropia were followed up for at least 2 years. Time of decompensation and additional treatment, initial refractive error, initial deviation, and controlled deviation were all studied. RESULTS: Decompensation and additional treatment occurred on average at 21.8 months and 22.2 months in eight patients, respectively, and constant survival was achieved after 4 years of full correction of the refractive error, as shown on a Kaplan-Meier survival curve. In the decompensation, additional treatment and control groups, initial refractive errors were 3.97+/-1.07D, 4.06+/-1.92D and 4.60+/-1.29D, respectively; initial deviations were 36.25+/-12.75PD, 31.25+/-10.61PD and 26.02+/-8.62PD, respectively; and controlled deviations were 4.50+/-6.30PD, 4.50+/-4.63PD and 2.65+/-4.10PD, respectively. There was a significant difference in initial deviation between the decompensation and control groups (p=0.011). CONCLUSIONS: The treatment of decompensation and increased hyperopia warranted careful follow-up in the first 4 years after treatment, and patients with large initial deviation risked decompensation.
Child ; Esotropia* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hyperopia ; Refractive Errors ; Risk Factors*

BACKGROUND: Clonidine, a alpha2-receptor agonist, has sedative and decrease the MAC of anesthetics. Clonidine also has analgesic properties following intrathecal administration. This study evaluates the effects of clonidine on the onset time and duration of analgesia when added to bupivacaine for brachial plexus block. METHODS: Forty patients of ASA physical ststus 1 and 2I who scheduled for elective upper limb surgery were divided into two groups in randomized, double-bline fashion. The brachial plexus block was performed with 30 ml of 0.33% bupivacaine plus saline(1ml; n=20)or clonidine(150ug, 1ml; n=20). The following variables were recorded; onset time, duration of analgesia, sedation, heart rate and blood pressure. RESULTS: The onset time produced with the addition of clonidine was faster(15.6+/-5 vs 19+/-4 min). The duration of block, heart rate and blood pressure were not different between the groups. There were more sedation in the clonidine group. CONCLUSIONS: From the above results, adding clonidine to bupivacaine is an attractive adjuvants for brachial plexus block.
Analgesia ; Anesthetics ; Blood Pressure ; Brachial Plexus* ; Bupivacaine* ; Clonidine* ; Heart Block ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Pharmacology ; Upper Extremity

PURPOSE: To investigate the result of strabismus surgery for thyroid ophthalmopathy. METHODS: This retrospective study included 13 patients with strabismus due to thyroid ophthalmopathy.These patients underwent strabismus surgery with intraoperative adjustable suture technique under topical anesthesia in the period between January 1997 and December 2000. Mean postoperative follow-up examination period was 13.2+/-9.9 months. RESULTS: Eleven of thirteen patients (84.6%) had heterotropia less than 8 prism diopter at last postoperative follow up examination. CONCLUSIONS: With relatively short period of preoperative examination, we achieved satisfactory surgical outcome for the treatment of strabismus due to thyroid ophthalmopathy.
Anesthesia ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Strabismus* ; Suture Techniques ; Thyroid Gland*