No abstract available.
Fallopian Tubes* ; Female ; Infertility* ; Spermatozoa*

Neurilemmomas of the trachea are extremely rare. The most common site of them is the distal third of the trachea and the age of the patients at presentation varied from 6 to 78 years old. They usually have a freqeuntly very long natural history, causing symptoms only after they have attained a considerable size. We experienced a case of near-total obstruction of the trachea by an intraluminal sessile neurilemmoma. The patient was a 66-year-old man with 2-year history of progressive exertional dyspnea and had several episodes of pneumonitis associated with productive cough. Grossly, the tumor was a well-circumscribed mass. Microscopically, typical cellular Antoni A and myxoid Antoni B areas were revealed.
Aged ; Cough ; Dyspnea ; Humans ; Natural History ; Neurilemmoma* ; Pneumonia ; Trachea

In order to evaluate antitumor rnechanisms of interleukin (IL)-12/IL-2 that has been shown significant tumor suppressive activity on established primary and metastatic Renca tumor, we studied chemokine gene expression induced by direct action of IL- 12/IL-2 or cytokine cascade. IL-12/IL-2 induced gene expression of interferon gamma (IFN-r) and granulocyte monocyte-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in splenocytes, and it induced gene expression of monokine induced by IFN-r (Mig), interferon inducible protein 10 (IP- 10), SDF-1, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1a, MIP-1B, MIP-2, monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1, and Rantes in tumor mass. However IL-12/IL-2 could not induce these chemokines in tumor mass of GKO mice and Renca cell in vitro. IL- 12 also did not increased chemokine gene expression in Renca cell in vitro, but IFN-r induced gene expression of Mig, IP-10, MCP-1 in Renca cell in vitro. In the chemotaxis assay, culture supernatant of Renca cell stimulated with IFN-r increased splenocyte migration in vitro. All these data suggest IL-12/IL-2 can induce IFN-r-chemokine cascade in tumor mass, and Mig, IP-10, MCP-1 produced from tumor cell may play an important role for initial immune cell migration into tumor mass.
Animals ; Cell Movement ; Chemokine CCL5 ; Chemokine CXCL10 ; Chemokines ; Chemotaxis ; Gene Expression* ; Granulocytes ; Interferons ; Interleukins ; Macrophages ; Mice ; Monocytes

1. The plain abdominal films of 246 cases of intussusception preceding hydrostatic barium enema were analysedin order to reassess the diagnostic reliability of the abdominal plain film examination. Then, these were comparedwith 42 cases in which the diagnosis had been rejected by means of barium enema. 2. It was found that diagnosis ofthe intussusception was possible in 80% of 246 cases on the basis of plain film findings alone. 3. The most commonand reliable findings of intussusception in plain film diagnosis are those of sparse faecoloid bowel content andsparse amount of intestinal gas. 4. The loops of distended small bowel in cecal or ascending colon area andintraabdominal soft tissue mass are considered to be relatively reliable findings. 5. In 42 cases in which thediagnosis had been rejected by means of barium enema, intussusception was excluded in 745 of the cases on thebasis of plain film findings alone.
Barium ; Colon, Ascending ; Diagnosis ; Enema ; Humans ; Intussusception

Prospective study of gallbladder wall thickness by utrasonography was performed in 38 patients of acute viral hepatitis and 50 normal subjects as a control group from June 1983 to April 1984. The results were as follows; 1.In normal population, the range of gallbladder wall thickness is from 1mm to 3mm with peak incidence in 2mm(66%,33 case). Mean thickness of gallbladder wall is about 1.9±0.6mm. 2. In acute viral hepatitis, the range of gallbladder wall thickness is from 2mm to 8mm with peak incidence in 3mm(34%, 13 case), second peak in 4mm (29%,11 case). Mean thickness of gallbladder wall is about 3.6±1.6mm, which is thicker than normal with statistical signifiance. (p<0.005) 3, In acute viral hepatitis , the mean thickness of glabladder wall is about 4.4±1.8mm in the group of SGOT/ SGPT level above 400 IU, and 2.8±0.8mm in the group of SGOT/SGPT level below 400 IU. This difference is significant statistically. (p<0.05).
Alanine Transaminase ; Gallbladder ; Hepatitis ; Humans ; Incidence ; Prospective Studies

No abstract available.
Fever* ; Korea* ; Leptospirosis* ; Scrub Typhus* ; Typhus, Epidemic Louse-Borne*

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to develop nutrition education program for consumers to reduce sodium intake based on social cognitive theory (SCT). METHODS: The main factors of SCT related to low sodium diet were investigated by using focus group interview (FGI) with 30 women who participated in consumer organizations. RESULTS: The main target groups for the education program were housewives (H), parents (P), and the office workers (OW), for which we considered their influences on other people and the surroundings. According to the results of FGI, in carrying out low sodium diet, 'positive outcome expectation' were prevention of chronic disease and healthy dietary habit, and 'negative outcome expectation' were low palatability of foods, difficulty in cooking meals, and limited choice of foods. The contents of the program and education materials were individualized by each group to raise self-efficacy and behavioral capability, which reflected the results of the FGI. The program included 'salt intake and health' to raise positive outcome expectation. For improving the ability to practice low-sodium diet, the program contained the contents that focused on 'cooking' and 'food purchasing' for H, on 'purchasing and selection of low-sodium food with the children' for P, and on 'way of selecting restaurant menu' for OW. Also the program included 'way of choosing the low-sodium foods when eating out' with suggestions on sodium content of the dishes and snacks. Further, 'dietary guidelines to reduce sodium intake' was also suggested to help self-regulation. CONCLUSIONS: This nutrition education program and education materials could be utilized for the community education and provide the basis for further consumer targeted education program for reducing sodium intake.
Chronic Disease ; Consumer Organizations ; Cooking ; Diet ; Diet, Sodium-Restricted ; Eating ; Education* ; Female ; Focus Groups* ; Food Habits ; Humans ; Meals ; Parents ; Restaurants ; Snacks ; Sodium* ; Self-Control

OBJECTIVES: This study was performed to evaluate the consumer education program for reducing sodium intake based on social cognitive theory (SCT) and investigate consumer perceptions of environmental, cognitive and behavioral factors. METHODS: Consumers (n=4,439) were recruited nationwide in Korea to participate in a nutrition education program for reducing sodium intake which was targeted on senior housewives (SH), parents (P), and office workers (OW). Questions regarding main factors of SCT were asked both before and after the education program. RESULTS: SH and P recognized external social efforts and information to reduce sodium including nutrition labeling more than OW. The main barriers to practice reducing sodium intake were limited choice of low sodium food and menu, interference with social relationship when dining with others, and limited information, knowledge and skills. SH had lower barriers to practice reducing sodium intake and OW perceived 'preference to soup or stew' and 'preference to Kimchi, salted fish and fermented sauces' as barriers more than other groups at the baseline. Less than 50% of participants knew the relationship between sodium and salt, sodium in nutrition labeling, and recommended sodium intake. In addition, OW had little knowledge for capability to reduce sodium intake and lower self-efficacy to practice compared with SH and P. After education, positive outcome expectations such as lowering blood pressure, prevention of cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis were increased and barriers to practice reducing sodium intake were decreased in all groups (p < 0.05). The knowledge for behavioral capability and self-efficacy to reduce sodium intake were also improved but OW had still lower scores compared with other groups. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggested that nutrition education programs could be an effective tool to impact general population by facilitating awareness and increased capability to reduce sodium intake.
Blood Pressure ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Education* ; Food Labeling ; Humans ; Korea ; Osteoporosis ; Parents ; Sodium*

OBJECTIVES: The cost of psychiatric service is increasing every year in Korea. The length of inpatient stay (LOS) is an important factor determining in-patient service cost. This study was aimed to find the factors that influence LOS in a psychiatric open ward of a general hospital. METHODS: The study includes 134 inpatients who were consecutively admitted to a psychiatric open ward in a general hospital from January 1st to June 30th in 2001. Demographic data, clinical characteristics on admission and discharge, global functioning, social support levels and life stressors were collected. RESULTS: The mean LOS for the 134 patients was 15.5 days (S.D 9.2). The occupation of housekeeper and those secred high in phobic anxiety subscale on SCL-90-R were statistically significant predictor for longer LOS in the univariate analysis. No significant differences in LOS were found by diagnostic groups and social support. In multiple regression analysis, the scores of phobic anxiety subscale, occupation and presence of physical illness were statistically significant predictor for LOS. CONCLUSION: This study failed to find the significant variables to account for substantial proportion of variance for LOS.
Anxiety ; Diagnosis ; Hospitals, General* ; Humans ; Inpatients ; Korea ; Length of Stay* ; Occupations

It is well known that a significant decrease in ventilatory function and arterial oxygenation follows upper abdominal surgery (Bromage, 1967; Bridenbaugh et al., 1972). In the first few hours after operation, hypoxemia is thought to be due to regional misalignment of ventilation and perfusion (Nunn and Payne, 1962). Diament and Palmer (1966) have shown that, by the end of 24 hours, frank shunting of blood past collapsed alveoli is the dominant factor (Georg et al., 1967) Pain arising from the upper abdomir,al regions can result in shallow breathing, diminished cough ability, retained bronchial secretions and eventually atelectasis (Bendixen et al., 1964). Narcotic drugs are most frequently used in postoperative pain control, but too large or too frequent doses may result in hypoventilation and subsquent atelectasis (Yakaitis et al., 1972). Epidural block has been advocated for pain control after upper abdominal surgery, because pain can be abolished completely (Bonica, 1953), arterial oxygenation improved (Spence and Smith, 1971) and the frequency of respiratory complications reduced (Wahba et al., 1975). Twenty eight patients for upper abdominal surgery, chosen at random, were studied for postoperative pain relief. In ten patients pain was managed by meperidine and in the other eighteen patients it was managed by tboracic epidural block with 0. 25% bupivacaine. In both groups, pulmonary funtions were assessed by measurement of arterial blood gases, tidal volume, respiratory rate, minute volume, vital capacity, timed vital capacity and peak flow, and by calculation of A-aDO2 These measurements were assessed before operation, on the first postoperative day, the second day and the fifth day. The effect on pain relief, of epidural analgesia after upper abdominal surgery and the patients ability to cough, to take deep breaths and to sit up were assessed objectively by the same physician and subjectively by each patients. The results of this study were summarized as follows: 1) Minute volume showed no significant change in both groups. Increase in respiration rate and decrease in tidal volume of the control group in postoperative days 1 and 2 were significant when compared with preoperative values, but changes in the epidural group were noticed in postoperative day l. 2) Peak flow, FEV, and FVC of both groups were significantly reduced in postoperative days 1 and 2, but in the 5th day peak flow values of the epidural group were restored to postoperative levels. There was no significant change between the groups. 3) Differences between decreased PaO2 and increasedA-aDO, of the control group in post- operative days 1 and 2 were significant when compared with preoperative values, but changes in the epidural group were not significant. The values of PaCOpH and BE were not significantly changed. 4) The epidural analgesic effect was excellent in postoperative pain control, and resulted in much improvement in the patients ability to cough, breathe deeply and to sit up. From the results described above, epidural analgesia is a reliable method of controlling pain after upper abdominal operations, especially in aged or debilitated patients with ventilatory dysfuntion.
Analgesia, Epidural ; Anoxia ; Bupivacaine ; Cough ; Forced Expiratory Volume ; Gases ; Humans ; Hypoventilation ; Meperidine ; Oxygen ; Pain, Postoperative* ; Perfusion ; Pulmonary Atelectasis ; Respiration ; Respiratory Rate ; Tidal Volume ; Ventilation ; Vital Capacity