Nasal airway obstruction is one of the most frequent causes of revision rhinoplasty despite the golden rule that nasal function should not be sacrificed because of cosmetic reason. Nasal function is jeopardized due to diverse reasons including inaccurate diagnosis or inadequate surgical technique. Detailed and thorough evaluation of the nose with review of previous operative technique is necessary to find out exact causes of obstruction. Septum, middle vault, tip, nostril, and nasal mucosa are common anatomic areas of obstruction after rhinoplasty. They are often weakened, damaged, or even destroyed losing their original shape, strength, or position. Changes in these anatomic structures are strongly related to static and/or dynamic obstruction. In this article, authors reviewed the common locations, anatomic causes, and treatment strategies of nasal obstruction after rhinoplasty.
Diagnosis ; Nasal Mucosa ; Nasal Obstruction* ; Nose ; Rhinoplasty*

Inferior meatal antrostomy (IMA) is a widely performed surgical technique to treat postoperative maxillary mucocele. The method is safe and easy to perform, without major complications compared with other approaches. Facial pain after IMA is a rare clinical entity that can be challenging to diagnose and treat. The authors present an unusual case of acute facial neuralgia triggered by cold air that developed after IMA. The antrostomy was located at the anterior-most part of the inferior meatus, and the inlet size was relatively large compared with the size of the remaining sinus. Surgical narrowing of the antrostomy inlet using endoscopy dramatically reduced the symptoms, and symptom relief was maintained for up to one year after surgery.
Bays ; Cartilage ; Endoscopy ; Facial Neuralgia ; Facial Pain ; Methods ; Mucocele ; Transplants

Behcets syndrome is a multisystem disorder presenting with recurrent oral and genital ulcers as well as uveitis, Gastrointestinal involvement associated with ileal ulcer is rare, but its outcome may by fatal. We have recently experienced a 43-year-old man who had Behcets syndrome with ileal ulcer penetrated to 3rd portion of the duodenum. He had been updergone right hemicolectomy and ileocolostomy for ileal inflammation of unknown etiology 20 years ago. Thereafter he had had relapsing oral and genital ulcers, and abdominal pain intermittently. From 15 days ago before visiting our hospital, he had severe abdominal pain and dark blood-colored stool. The colonofiberscopic finding revealed a large, deep penetrating ulcer and multiple shallow ulcers on the ileum. Deal segmental resection, gastro-jejunostomy and jejunal patch at 3rd portion of the duodenum were performed with marked improvement.
Abdominal Pain ; Adult ; Behcet Syndrome ; Duodenum* ; Humans ; Ileum ; Inflammation ; Ulcer* ; Uveitis

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: The microbial adhesion on the surface of materials used in prosthodontics and restorative dentistry significantly influences microbial infection. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of how the degree of surface roughness of acrlyic resin affect the adhesion of bacteria. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Resins were finished with 50micrometerand 250micrometeraluminium oxide particles by using sandblaster, by using stone point, and high polished with Opal(R) and Lace motor(R). The surface of acrylic resin attached by bacteria was directly touched on the surface of BHI agar, which was incubated. Bacteria colonies formed on BHI agar were counted in accordance with the degree of the surface roughness. RESULTS: 1. The viable cell number of Streptococcus mutans increased on the acrylic resins incubated in BHI broth than in PBS. 2. The viable cell number of Streptococcus mutans increased on the acrylic resins incubated without agitation than with agitation, washed three times than six times, and incubated in broth added with 5% sucrose than without sucrose. 3. When Streptococcus mutans incubated in BHI broth, the number of Streptococcus mutans colonies formed on BHI agar was the largest on the acrylic resins finished with 250micrometeraluminium oxide particle using sandblaster. But when incubated in BHI broth containing sucrose, the number of colonies formed on that was the largest on the acrylic resins high polished using Opal(R) and Lace motor(R). 4. When Streptococcus sanguis was incubated in BHI broth with or without sucrose, the number of Streptococcus mutans colonies formed on BHI agar was the largest on the acrylic resins finished with 250micrometeraluminium oxide particle using sandblaster. 5. When Actinomyces viscous was incubated in BHI broth with or without sucrose, the number of Streptococcus mutanscolonies formed on BHI agar was the largest on the acrylic resins high polished using Opal(R) and Lace motor(R). CONCLUSION: These results indicated that when acrylic resins attached by bacteria were touched on the surface of BHI agar, the number of bacterial colonies formed on the agar was dependent on the bacterial species. Also, the result of this study was showed that increase in the surface roughness and the addition of sucrose increased retention of microbial cells.
Acrylic Resins ; Actinomyces ; Agar ; Bacteria* ; Cell Count ; Dentistry ; Dihydroergotamine ; Prosthodontics ; Streptococcus ; Streptococcus mutans ; Streptococcus sanguis ; Sucrose

Postmenopausal squamous atypia (PSA) is a phenomenon characterized by cellular alterations mimicking condyloma in the uterine cervix of postmenopausal women. It is not associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. The aim of this study is to correlate findings with HPV infection and the cytohistologic findings of PSA. Eighty-three smears from postmenopausal women, initially interpreted as ASCUS and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions(LSIL), were reviewed according to the criteria of PSA. Fifty-eight cases were subsequently reclassified as PSA. Forty cases categorized as PSA were available for HPV-DNA detection by a nested polymerase chain reaction. Eight of these 40 cases(20%) showed biopsy-proven LSIL lesions. The HPV-DNA was detected in 42.5%(17/40), compared to 25%(5/20) of control cases. The HPV-DNA detection rate of biopsy-proven LSIL was 62.5%(5/8). It has been concluded that cytologic differential diagnosis of PSA from LSIL is difficult due to because of poor histologic and viral correlation.
Cervix Uteri ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans* ; Papillomavirus Infections* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction

Cryopreservation is able to store the surplus pre-embryos for freezing and furthermore thawing and transfer in a subsequent cycle. Cryopreserving cells which are maintaining their viability are the very complex process. This study has been carried out in order to find the effects of cryopreservation steps, freezing media and embryonic stages on the rates of viability and development of cryopreserved mouse embryos. Female ICR mice (6~8 weeks old) were induced to superovulate by sequential intraperitoneal injection of 5 IU PMSG and 5 IU hGC 48h apart. Mouse embryos were collected according to its developmental stage after the injection of hCG. Embryos were cryopreserved not only by cryoprotectant step (1 step~ 4 step) but also in a variety of media (HTF, IVF medium, D-PBS) and cell stage. The results were as follows: There is no clear advantage in these freezing media of rapid method, but 4 cell and 8 cell of slow method (2, 3, 4 step) have advantage in D-PBS. The development of embryos according to cell stage become greater in 8 cell stage. In the treatment steps of cryopreservation, the development of embryo to blastocyst was similar among rapid method, but the development of 4 cell and 8 cell embryos to blastocyst according to slow method was better than rapid method.
Animals ; Blastocyst ; Cryopreservation* ; Culture Media* ; Embryonic Structures* ; Female ; Freezing ; Humans ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Mice* ; Mice, Inbred ICR

OBJECTIVE: To assess inter-modality variability when evaluating cervical intervertebral disc herniation using 64-slice multidetector-row computed tomography (MDCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three musculoskeletal radiologists independently reviewed cervical spine 1.5-T MRI and 64-slice MDCT data on C2-3 though C6-7 of 51 patients in the context of intervertebral disc herniation. Interobserver and inter-modality agreements were expressed as unweighted kappa values. Weighted kappa statistics were used to assess the extents of agreement in terms of the number of involved segments (NIS) in disc herniation and epicenter measurements collected using MDCT and MRI. RESULTS: The interobserver agreement rates upon evaluation of disc morphology by the three radiologists were in fair to moderate agreement (k = 0.39-0.53 for MDCT images; k = 0.45-0.56 for MRIs). When the disc morphology was categorized into two and four grades, the inter-modality agreement rates were moderate (k-value, 0.59) and substantial (k-value, 0.66), respectively. The inter-modality agreements for evaluations of the NIS (k-value, 0.78) and the epicenter (k-value, 0.79) were substantial. Also, the interobserver agreements for the NIS (CT; k-value, 0.85 and MRI; k-value, 0.88) and epicenter (CT; k-value, 0.74 and MRI; k-value, 0.70) evaluations by two readers were substantial. MDCT tended to underestimate the extent of herniated disc lesions compared with MRI. CONCLUSION: Multidetector-row computed tomography and MRI showed a moderate-to-substantial degree of inter-modality agreement for the assessment of herniated cervical discs. MDCT images have a tendency to underestimate the anterior/posterior extent of the herniated disc compared with MRI.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cervical Vertebrae/pathology/*radiography ; Female ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc Displacement/*radiography/therapy ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/*methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multidetector Computed Tomography/*methods ; Observer Variation ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: This study aimed to analyze the relationship between psychosocial factors and subjective symptoms of musculoskeletal diseases. METHODS: This study analyzed the data of '2001 National Health and Nutrition Survey' conducted by the Ministry of Health and Welfare and Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs. RESULTS: When examining the complaining rate of subjective symptoms of musculoskeletal diseases according to body region, the rate was highest (6.0%) in the knee region, which was followed by the finger region (3.4%), the wrist regions (2.3%) and the elbow region (2.1%). All the regions of elbow, wrist, finger and knee had a high complaining rate of subjective symptoms such as stress, sad or depressed mood, and attempted suicide. CONCLUSION: From the results of this study, it is identified that psychosocial factors such as stress, depression, and attempted suicide have significant influence on the complaining rate of subjective symptoms of musculoskeletal diseases. Consequently, in order to prevent and treat musculoskeletal diseases, we need to manage stress and to prevent feeling depression.
Body Regions ; Depression ; Elbow ; Fingers ; Knee ; Korea ; Musculoskeletal Diseases* ; Psychology* ; Suicide, Attempted ; Wrist

We expressed anti-HBsAg human antibody fragment (B7 Fd) using pRSET-A vector and BL21(DE3)pLysS strain of E. coli. B7 Fd is composed only of variable domain (VH) and CH1 constant domain of IgG heavy chain molecule. This Fd molecule was solubilized using guanidine salt and then expressed in the form of inclusion body and successfully refolded into functional antibody molecule by rapid dilution in refolding buffer. B7 Fd reacted with d epitope of hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg). Its affinity was determined by competition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (competition ELISA). The K value of B7 Fd was 3.3 * 10.
Antigens, Surface ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Guanidine ; Hepatitis B virus ; Humans* ; Immunoglobulin G ; Inclusion Bodies