Revision rates of total hip arthroplasty have decreased after introducing total hip arthroplasty (THA) using ceramic component, since ceramic components could reduce components wear and osteolysis. The fracture of a ceramic component is a rare but potentially serious event. Thus, ceramic on polyethylene articulation is gradually spotlighted to reduce ceramic component fracture. There are a few recent reports of ceramic head fracture with polyethylene liner. Herein, we describe a case of a ceramic head component fracture with polyethylene liner. The fractured ceramic head was 28 mm short neck with conventional polyethylene liner. We treated the patient by total revision arthroplasty using 4th generation ceramic on ceramic components.
Adult ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip/*methods ; Ceramics/*therapeutic use ; Female ; Hip Prosthesis ; Humans ; Polyethylene/*therapeutic use ; *Prosthesis Failure

BACKGROUND: DNA methylation and histone modification are dynamically linked in the epigenetic control of gene silencing and they play an important role in tumorigenesis. METHODS: To evaluate the role of histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) in the development of lung cancer and the relationship between a HDAC1 overexpression and p16INK4a hypermethylation, we performed immunohistochemical staining for HDAC1 in 76 lung cancer specimens (39 squamous cell carcinomas and 37 adenocarcinomas) that had been previously evaluated for their p16INK4a methylation status by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: A HDAC1 overexpression (>50% of HDAC1 immunoreactive cells) was detected in 65 (85.5%) out of the 76 cases and it was more frequently seen in the squamous cell carcinomas (97.4%) than in the adenocarcinomas (73.0%) (p=0.002). The incidence of HDAC1 overexpression tended to be higher in the heavy smokers with more than 20 pack-years (p=0.067). Although there was no statistical significance, the frequency of p16INK4a hypermethylation in the cases with a HDAC1 overexpression (27.7%) tended to be higher than that in the cases without a HDAC1 overexpression (9.0%) (p=0.175). CONCLUSIONS: A HDAC1 overexpression might be involved in lung carcinogenesis, and especially in a subgroup of smoking and squamous cell carcinoma patients, and a HDAC1 overexpression may be associated with p16INK4a hypermethylation.
Adenocarcinoma ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 ; DNA Methylation ; Epigenomics ; Gene Silencing ; Genes, p16 ; Histone Deacetylase 1 ; Histone Deacetylases ; Histones ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lung ; Lung Neoplasms ; Methylation ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Smoke ; Smoking

BACKGROUND: Methylmercury (MeHg) easily crosses the blood-brain barrier and accumulates in the brain. Accumulated MeHg will cause neurological symptoms. We report four pediatric cases of neuropsychological findings with high blood MeHg concentrations. CASE PRESENTATION: Four children were admitted for follow-up study because their total mercury (THg) concentration in the blood was found to be high during a national survey. Case 1 was a 9-year-old female with a 16.6 microg/l blood THg concentration in the survey. During admission, the blood THg, hair THg, and blood MeHg concentration(mercury indices) were 21.4 microg/l, 7.2 microg/g, and 20.1 microg/l, respectively. In our neuropsychological examination, cognitive impairment and attention deficit were observed. Her diet included fish intake 2-3 times per week, and she had been diagnosed with epilepsy at 3 years of age. Case 2 was a 12-year-old male with blood THg of 15.4 microg/l in the survey and the mercury indices were 12.7 microg/l, 5.7 microg/g, and 11.8 microg/l, respectively, on admission. He was also observed to have attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Case 3 was a 10-year-old male child with blood THg of 17.4 microg/l in the survey, and the mercury indices on admission were 21.6 microg/l, 7.5 microg/g and 21.5 microg/l, respectively. In his case, mild attention deficit was observed. Case 4 was a 9-year-old male with blood THg of 20.6 microg/l in the survey and the mercury indices were 18.9 microg/l, 8.3 microg/g, and 14.4 microg/l, respectively, on admission. Mild attention difficulty was observed. CONCLUSION: We suggest that fish consumption may be the main source of MeHg exposure, and that MeHg may have been the cause of the neuropsychological deficits in these cases.
Blood-Brain Barrier ; Brain ; Child* ; Diet ; Epilepsy ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hair ; Humans ; Male

Promoter hypermethylation of the p16(INK4a) gene was investigated in 81 sets of samples of tumor tissue and adjacent normal tissue from Korean patients with primary lung cancer, using the modified real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR)/ SYBR Green detection method. The results showed hypermethylation of p16(INK4a) in 27.2% of tumor tissues, and in 11.1% of adjacent normal tissue. No significant association was found between the overall aberrant methylation in tumor and corresponding normal specimens (r=0.137, p=0.219). In 22 cases with p16(INK4a) hypermethylation in tumor tissues, only 4 (18.1%) cases were found to have a hypermethylated normal tissue specimen. The findings of this study show that smoking can influence the methylation level of the promoter region of p16(INK4a), and that this occurs in tumor tissues more frequently than in normal tissues. Other clinicopathological characteristics, including age, sex, tumor stage, and histologic type were not found to be correlated with p16(INK4a) methylation.
Adult ; Aged ; Base Sequence ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/*genetics ; *DNA Methylation ; DNA Primers/genetics ; DNA, Neoplasm/chemistry/genetics ; Female ; *Genes, p16 ; Humans ; Korea ; Lung Neoplasms/*genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Smoking/adverse effects/genetics

BACKGROUND: In Korea, around the abandoned metal mines, heavy metals are being accumulating in the cultivated areas. Among exposed heavy metals, mercury is known to harm for cardiovascular system known to affect blood pressure. So, we studied the relationship between blood mercury level and hypertension in residents around abandoned metal mines. METHODS: From 2008 to 2011, we surveyed 7,055 residents in provinces affected by abandoned metal mines and collected data from 6 Hospitals. We conducted a personal questionnaire interview survey with residents on the basis of household questionnaires, sex, age, household income, smoking, and drinking items. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the association between blood mercury level and hypertension. RESULTS: We compared residents with low and high groups based on blood mercury level 5.8 μg/L, and higher group was significantly higher risk of hypertension than lower group (odds ratio [OR]: 1.277; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.135–1.436), also in adjusted model, higher group was significantly higher risk of hypertension than lower group (OR: 1.276; 95% CI: 1.117–1.457). CONCLUSIONS: This study showed a significant correlation between mercury and hypertension in residents around abandoned metal mines. Therefore, we should continuously monitor people who are higher than the standard value and the hypertensive patients.
Blood Pressure ; Cardiovascular System ; Drinking ; Family Characteristics ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Korea ; Logistic Models ; Metals, Heavy ; Smoke ; Smoking

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome, as defined by the ATP III report, in some Korean adults and use the Asian-Pacific proposed waist circumference to investigate waist circumference in some Korean adults using ROC curves. METHODS: Study subjects were seventy-five thousands and ninety one persons (47, 979 men and 27, 111 women) who were selected among the patients who visited hospital for health evaluation from January 2000 to December 2001. All subjects were measured by height, weight, waist and hip circumferences, blood pressure and blood chemistry (lipid profile). RESULTS: The mean age was 41.6+/-8.5 years in men, 41.1+/-10.4 years in women (p< 0.05). Body mass index was in the normal range in 35.3% of men, and 55.9% of women. In both men and women, blood pressure, blood sugar, total cholesterol and triglyceride were positively correlated with BMI. waist circumference, and Broca's index (p< 0.01). However HDL. choloesterol was correlated negatively (p< 0.01). Using ROC curve, the calculated waist circumferences were 84 cm in men (sensitivity 61.4% and specificity 64.1%) and 74 cm in women (sensitivity 65.0% and specificity 73.2%). The age adjusted prevalences of the metabolic syndrome as defined by NCEP ATP III were different for men (6.4%) and women (14.6%). The prevalence increased from 1.2% among participants aged 20 through 29years to 15.0% among participants aged over 60years in men (p< 0.05) and from 1.6% to 27.4% respectively, in women. The age adjusted prevalences, as defined by using the waist circumference that was recommended by WHO's regional office for the western Pacific, were 10.6% in men and 18.5% in women. The age adjusted prevalences, as defined by using the waist circumference that was calculated by the ROC curves, were 17.1% in men and 22.4% in women. And All prevalences were increased following increased BMI and Broca's index. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in some Korean adults was lower than that in western adults. Nevertheless because waist circumference was differed among race and region, application of the same criteria was not proper. Morcover, a higher awareness was required in women, because the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was rapidly increased with increment of age.
Adenosine Triphosphate ; Adult* ; Blood Glucose ; Blood Pressure ; Body Mass Index ; Chemistry ; Cholesterol ; Continental Population Groups ; Female ; Hip ; Humans ; Male ; Obesity ; Prevalence* ; Reference Values ; ROC Curve ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Triglycerides ; Waist Circumference*

Typhoid fever, although having undergone a progressive decline in incidence in Korea, has continued to occur sporadically in this country. Renal complications are usually noted in 2-6 percent of patients and various clinical features of renal complication have been reported. However, acute renal failure has been rarely reported. We did a renal biopsy in two patients with typhoid fever who exhibited clinical evidence of acute renal failure, such as oliguria, azotemia, and mentality change. Light microscopy showed that the glomeruli were intact and some of the tubules were dilated and lined by regenerating epithelium. There was mild interstitial edema. Immunofluorescent microscopy showed trace deposits of IgA in one case. Electron microscopy did not show eigther abnormal electron dense deposits or cellular proliferation. Fever and melena disappeared after chloramphenicol treatment, and with the cure of the typhoid fever, the renal symptoms also. Typhoid nephritis should be considered as a cause of acute renal failure when acute renal failure is developed in febrile patients.
Acute Kidney Injury* ; Azotemia ; Biopsy ; Cell Proliferation ; Chloramphenicol ; Edema ; Epithelium ; Fever ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin A ; Incidence ; Korea ; Melena ; Microscopy ; Microscopy, Electron ; Nephritis ; Oliguria ; Typhoid Fever*

OBJECTIVES: The microRNA (miRNA) miR-196a2 may play an important role in lung cancer development and survival by altering binding activity of target mRNA. In this study, we evaluated their associations with the susceptibility of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) by case-control study in a Korean population. METHODS: We performed genotyping analyses for miR-196a2 rs11614913 T/C at miRNA regions in a case-control study using blood samples of 406 NSCLC patient and 428 cancer-free control groups. RESULTS: The total C allele frequencies for miR-196a2 were 48.8% for the patients and 45.6% for the controls; and the genotype frequencies of TT, TC, and CC were 23.7%, 55.2%, and 21.1% for the patients and 31.1%, 46.35%, and 22.4% for the controls (p<0.05). Participants who possesses TC/CC genotypes showed high risk for NSCLC compared to those possessed TT genotypes (OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.96). The association was persisted in 60 and older age group, male, smokers, those without family history for cancer. However, no significant association of CC genotypes in recessive genetic model was observed. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, this case-control study provides evidence that miR-196a2 rs11614913 C/T polymorphisms are associated with a significantly increased risk of NSCLC in a dominant model, indicating that common genetic polymorphisms in miR-196a2 rs11614913 are associated with NSCLC. The association of miR196a2 rs11614913 polymorphisms and NSCLC risk require confirmation through additional larger studies.
Age Factors ; Aged ; *Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/*genetics ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Genetic Association Studies ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/*genetics ; Male ; MicroRNAs/*genetics ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Republic of Korea ; Risk Factors ; Sex Factors ; Smoking/ethnology

OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were to refer descriptive statistics of the disability duration in musculoskeletal injured patients in the automobile accidents. METHOD: The authors chose 469,319 injured patients in traffic accidents as subjects that met inclusion criteria with 8 representative Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) comparable with 4th edition of Korean standard classification of diseases. Mean, standard deviation, mode, median, maximum and minimum of 8 representative AIS code were calculated. RESULTS: Mean disability duration for minor cervical sprain was 18.8 days, that of moderate cervical disc herniation was 56.2 days, that of serious cervical disc herniation was 141.5 days, that of minor lumbar sprain was 21.2 days, that of moderate lumbar disc herniation was 53.5 days, that of serious lumbar disc herniation was 128.1 days, that of sprain of 3 major joint in lower limb without desmorrhexis was 24.0 days, and that of dislocation or desmorrhexis of 3 major joint in lower limb was 101.2 days. CONCLUSION: Disability duration of the representative musculoskeletal diseases comparable to AIS code in 4th edition of Korean standard classification of diseases was presented and this study can be utilized as a basic recommended disability duration of automobile injured persons.
Abbreviated Injury Scale ; Accidents, Traffic ; Automobiles* ; Classification ; Dislocations ; Humans ; Insurance, Disability ; Joints ; Length of Stay ; Lower Extremity ; Musculoskeletal Diseases ; Sprains and Strains

PURPOSE :The goals of this study were to investigate the medical care utilization and statistics of lengths of admissions such as the means, modes, medians, maximums, and minimums for patients with some musculoskeletal diseases among the National Health Insurance Corporation data. We provided basic recommendations for the proper lengths of admissions of occupationally injured workers with these diseases in Korea. METERIALS AND METHODS: The study subjects were 20 to 59 year-old patients who were admitted from January 1, 2000 to June 30, 2001, over 4-day lengths of admission for the management of 20 different musculoskeletal disorders. We calculated means, standard deviations, modes, medians, maximums, minimums, and points of inflection for the lengths of admission of patients with these disorders. RESULTS: The mean length of admission for carpal tunnel syndrome was 8.0+/-6.2 days, that of Raynaud's syndrome was 10.5+/-7.7 days, that of internal derangements of the knee was 12.9+/-11.8 days, that of unspecified internal derangements of the knee was 13.3+/-13.0 days, that of cervical disc disorder with radiculopathy was 16.8+/-19.0 days, that of other cervical disc displacements was 15.9+/-15.9 days, that of lumbar and other intervertebral disc disorders with radiculopathy was 14.9 +/-13.8 days, that of unspecified intervertebral disc displacements was 14.9+/-13.9 days, that of unspecified synovitis and tenosynovitis was 12.5+/-9.9 days, that of ganglions was 7.5+/-7.3 days, that of fasciitis, NEC, was 19.8+/-24.7 days, that of adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder was 15.2+/-15.5 days, that of impingement syndrome of the shoulder was 11.4+/-12.0 days, that of medial epicondylitis was 11.2+/-7.3 days, that of lateral epicondylitis was 12.1+/-11.5 days, that of myalgias was 12.4+/-19.5 days, that of sprain and strain of the cervical spine was 12.4+/-10.2 days, that of sprain and strain of the lumbar spine was 12.3+/-10.9 days, that of a current tear of the meniscus was 13.3+/-13.2 days, and that of sprain and strain involving the cruciate ligaments of the knee was 18.2+/-17.0 days. Every point of inflection was the 80th percentile or the 90th percentile of the lengths of admission of the subjects. CONCLUSION: This study has significant weaknesses, such as limitations of applicable ranges and errors in the National Health Insurance Corporation data, among others. However, the authors present various statistics and points of inflection of lengths of admissions for patients suffering from 20 work-related musculoskeletal disorders in the general population. Those cases in which the lengths of admissions of patients with the above-mentioned musculoskeletal disorders that are greater than the points of inflection, need to be evaluated carefully.
Bursitis ; Carpal Tunnel Syndrome ; Fasciitis ; Ganglion Cysts ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc ; Intervertebral Disc Displacement ; Knee ; Korea ; Ligaments ; Middle Aged ; Musculoskeletal Diseases ; Myalgia ; National Health Programs* ; Occupations ; Radiculopathy ; Shoulder ; Spine ; Sprains and Strains ; Synovitis ; Tenosynovitis