The Arnold-Chiari malformation (ACM) is an anomaly of the hindbrain consisting of two components: a variable displacement of a tongue of tissue derived from the inferior cerebellar vermis in the upper cervical canal and a similar caudal dislocation of the medulla and fourth ventricle. Hydrocephalus and meningomyelocele are another abnormalities that associated frequently. We present a case of Arnold-Chiari malformation with hydrocephalus and meningomyeolcele and a brief review of the literatures was added.
Arnold-Chiari Malformation* ; Cerebellar Vermis ; Dislocations ; Fourth Ventricle ; Hydrocephalus ; Meningomyelocele ; Rhombencephalon ; Tongue

This study was aimed to examine whether biological characteristics of the cancer cell lines have any correlation with distinctive movement of the reconstituted basement membrane in modified Boyden chamber. The in vitro model consists of a chamber and basement membrane filter. Matrigel was applied on the upper surface of the filter and type IV collagen, fibronectin and laminin were also applied to the lower surface of the filter, respectively. The cancer invasiveness was measured by the number of the moved cells through basement membrane differing in component, thickness and incubation time. For chemoattractant study, serum free medium, medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and 0.1% bovine serum albumin were used. The invaded cancer cells were counted under high-power field microscope and the morphologic feature of invading cancer cells on reconstituted basement membrane was examined with scanning electron microscopy. The effects of the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) and wild type tumor necrosis factor-alpha (wTNF-a) on invasiveness of three prostate cancer cell lines (hormone intermediate sensitive ALVA 101, and hormone refractory ALVA 41 and PPC-1) were investigated. The rate of movement of the cancer was reduced increasing thickness of the matrigel but increased in proportion to the incubation time (p<0.05). The components applied on the lower surface of the filter did not affect cancer cell invasiveness (p>0.05). TIMP-2 reduced the invasiveness of three kinds of cancer cell line at both the high and low concentration, indicating that this agent interferes the movement of the cells. Furthermore, this result suggests that TIMP-2 might repress metal-dependent enzymes, which are thought to elicit the invasiveness of the cancer cells. The wTNF-a did not show any effects on the invasiveness of three cell lines. The additive chemoattractant effect of 0.1% bovine serum albumin was not observed and serum free medium also did not induce the cancer cell invasion across the reconstituted basement membrane. The migration of the ALVA 41 and PPC-1 were more than the ALVA 101. The scanning electron microscopic examination showed the figures of migration of cancer cells through the pores on filter, supporting our experiments are performed in validness. The effect of protease inhibitor was distinct in different cancer cell lines studied. From this experiment, we conclude that the rate of movement of both ALVA 41 and PPC-1 cells with shorter doubling time and the hormone refractory was faster than that of ALVA 101 cells with longer doubling time and the hormone sensitive, suggesting biological characteristics of the cells are implicated in degree of cancer cell invasiveness and their malignancies.
Basement Membrane* ; Cell Line ; Collagen Type IV ; Fibronectins ; Laminin ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Population Characteristics ; Prostate* ; Prostatic Neoplasms* ; Protease Inhibitors ; Serum Albumin, Bovine ; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Nevus sebaceus of Jadassohn is a hamartoma of the skin with the potential to develop benign and malignant neoplasms. This case was characterixed by multiple basal cell epitheliomas, clinically one reddish nodule and multiple pigmented papules, arising in the nevus sebaceus. Histologically, epithelial papillomatous hyperplasia and high-positioned hyperplastic sebaceous glands were found, and tumor nests consisting of basaloid cells with peripheral palisading arrangements were mainly situated in the upper dermis without significant infiltrative growth. We report a rare case of nevus sebaceus with multiple basal cell epitheliomas in the right cheek of a 49-year-old woman.
Carcinoma, Basal Cell* ; Cheek ; Dermis ; Female ; Hamartoma ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Middle Aged ; Nevus* ; Nevus, Sebaceous of Jadassohn* ; Sebaceous Glands ; Skin

Blue nevus is a benign melanocytic neoplasm and represents itself usually as a solitary blue or blue-black papule. It rarely occurs as multiple lesions grouped in a circumscribed area. How-ever, non-grouped disseminated blue nevi are exceedingly rare. We report a patient with acquired multiple blue nevi that was distributed over the entire body discretely and showed an increase in the number of the nevi without any causal factors.
Humans ; Nevus ; Nevus, Blue*

Paget's disease is classified, according to location, as mammary or extramammary disease. Extramammary Paget's disease especially in the vulva is extremely rare. Several hundred cases have been described worldwide. Patients with Paget's disease of the vulva are usually white and postmenopausal. The cause of which remains elusive. A case of vulva Paget's disease is presented with brief review of literature.
Humans ; Paget Disease, Extramammary ; Vulva

No abstract available.

We report a rare case of primary glomerular disease with both features of IgA nephropathy and membranous glomerulonephritis in a 27 year-old woman with nephrotic syndrome. Histologically, glomeruli showed slight mesangial expansion, proliferation of mesangial cells, and short subepithelial spikes on capillary wall. Direct immunofluorescence demonstrated granular IgG and C3 deposits along the capillary walls, and IgA with C3 deposits in mesangium. Granular subepithelial and rnesangial deposits were observed by electron microscopy. The patient showed complete remission after 6 months therapy with steroid and ACE inhibitor.
Adult ; Capillaries ; Female ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Direct ; Glomerulonephritis, IGA* ; Glomerulonephritis, Membranous* ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin A* ; Immunoglobulin G ; Mesangial Cells ; Microscopy, Electron ; Nephrotic Syndrome

Electrical burn is thought to be similar to crushing injury in that it usually involves skin, muscle and neurovascular structure simultaneously. Especially in extremity, there are many occasions that amputations are inevitable. Since the demarcation between viable and non-viable tissue tends to be obscure, electrical burn greatly differs from other types of injury in detailed methods of treatment, such as the level, the timing and the technique of amputation. During the past 10 years from January, 1978 to December, 1987, authors experienced 285 amputations in 181 cases of electrical burn at Orthopedic Department of Hanil Hospital. The clinical data of our experience were reviewed and analysed. The results were as follows ;l. Amputation rate in electrical burn was 22.4%. 2. Out of total 285 amputations, the number of upper extremity was 187 (65.6%) and it was 1.9 times more than that of lower extremity. Right forearm was 1.8 times more than left forearm. 3. Multiple limbs amputation were performed in 83 cases (45.9%). 4. Among 285 stumps, more than one operation were done in 74 stumps because of infection (50%), necrosis of stump end (35.1%), bony overgrowth at stump end (8.1%) and neuroma(6.8%).
Amputation ; Amputees ; Burns ; Extremities ; Forearm ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; Necrosis ; Orthopedics ; Skin ; Upper Extremity

Visualization of falx cerebri on non-enhanced CT of children with severe head injuries (the falx sign) has been regarded as an evidence of subarachnoid hemorrhage. On the contrary, other authors have reported reverse results. To evaluate clinical significance of the falx sign, authors studied frequency of visualization and CT number of falx cerebri and dural sinuses in 65 children with head injury and 65 children without head injury examined by cranial CT at the Dep. of Radiology, St. Paul's Hospital, Catholic Medical College from March to Sept. 1981. All patients with head trauma were studied within 1 week of the traumatic event. Visualization of falx cerebri was observed at slice in the region of lateral ventricle and slice near to vertex respectively. On the slice in the region of lateral ventricle, falx cerebri was identified in 82% of all of the children examined, of which 92%showed partial visualization of falx cerebri and remaining 8% totally. On the slice near to vertex, falx cerebri was identified in 92% of all the children examined, of which 38% showed partial visualization of falx cerebri and remaining 62% totally. In head trauma group, frequency of visualization of falx cerebri was 78% on the slice in the region of lateral ventricle and 89% on the slice near to vertex; in non-traumatic group, frequency of visualization of falx cerebri was 86% and 94% respectively. The highest numerical value of the falx densities averaged 47 Hounflieds (range, 32-63) in non-traumataic group, averaged 49 Housfields (range, 32-69) in head trauma group. All or a portion of the superior sagittal sinus was visualized in 59% of all of the cases studied, 50% in head trauma group, and 69% in nontraumatic group. The straight sinus was identified in 45% of all of the cases studied, 39% in head trauma group, and 51% in non-traumatic group. In conclusion, there was no distinction between head trauma and non-traumatic group in visualization of falx cerebri and dural sinuses, and we could frequently identify the falx density in normal. Also we could find that frequency for visualization of falx cerebri and drual sinuses increased as the age increased.
Child ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Humans ; Lateral Ventricles ; Spinal Cord ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ; Superior Sagittal Sinus

BACKGROUND: Ozone (03) induces airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness which are characteristic features of asthma. There have been few studies observing O3-induced increase in responsiveness of rat airway muscle. Objectives: The aims of this study were to develop an O3-induced nonallergic asthma model using rat tracheal smooth muscle (TSM) and to evaluate the role of airway epithelium on the modulation of muscle responsiveness. METHOD: Five groups of 20 male Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats were exposed to filtered air including 0.12, 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 ppm 03 for 1 hour. Thirty minutes after the exposure, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and isometric contractile responses of the isolated tracheal ring segments to KCI, acetylcholine (ACh), and electrical field stimulation (EFS) were measured. RESULTS: The percent age of neutrophils was significantly higher and that of alveolar macro-phages in BAL fluid was significantly lower in 2.0 ppm O3-exposed rats than in the control. There were no significant differences in the maximal contractile responses of TSM to KC1, ACh, EFS and in the sensitivity to ACh (ACh-EC50) and EFS (EFS-EC50) between the control group and the ozone exposed group. ACh-EC50 and EFS-EC50 were correlated positively with the percent age of neutrophils and inversely with that of macrophages. Removal of epithelium significantly increased the sensitivity to ACh in O3-exposed group, but not in the control group. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that O3 induces neutrophilic airway inflammation, but not an increased sensitivity of TSM to ACh or EFS in SD rats. However, O3-induced epithelial damage may be associated with increased muscle response.
Acetylcholine ; Animals ; Asthma ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage ; Epithelium ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Macrophages ; Male ; Muscle, Smooth* ; Neutrophils ; Ozone ; Rats* ; Trachea