Adequate postoperative pain control is in highlight because it has been known that uncontrolled pain has adverse effects on postoperative cardiopulmonary, immunologic functions and in turn, possibly prolongs patient's recovery. One hundred and two patients who underwent spine surgery including laminectomy, fusion and fixation were given 10mg of morphine into operative field (exposed epidural area) just prior to wound closure for relief of postoperative pain. These patients were compaired with 51 patients who did not received epidural morphine. The median of the numerical rating scale of epidural morphine spray group (Group A) at 4, 12, 24 hours after operation revealed 2, 3, 5 respectively and no epidural morhine group (Grade B) revealed 4, 5 and 5. In conclusion, postoperative pain relief of group A is superior to that of group B.
Humans ; Laminectomy ; Morphine* ; Pain, Postoperative ; Spine* ; Wounds and Injuries

There are many methods for postoperative pain relief. For example,intramusoular or in- travenous administration of analgesics,nerve block,wound infiltration or intravenous injaction with local anesthetics, epidural or intrathecal injection of opioids or local anesthetics, TENS, cryoanalgesia, psychological support are available, We managed postoperative pain by means of intrathecal morphine injection or epidural morphine with bupivacaine mixture administration. In the group 1, morphine 0.2mg was injected intrathecally just after the operation. In the group 2, the mixture of morphine with bupivacaine was infused into epidural space continuously for 3days. The results were as follows; 1. The pain score was significantly decreased in group 2 compared to group 1.(P<0.05) 2. In group 1,there was signficantly more itehing sensation than in group 2.(P<0.05), but there were no significst differences in other complications 3. There was no significant difference in gas passing time. 4. The feeling of satisfaction was high in both groups,and there was no significant difference. 5. It was technically more difficult and the cost was higher in group 2.
Analgesics, Opioid ; Anesthetics, Local ; Bupivacaine* ; Epidural Space ; Injections, Spinal ; Morphine* ; Pain, Postoperative ; Sensation ; Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation