PURPOSE: To assess the usefulness and reliability of the IOL power calculation computer program ('POWER!'). METHODS: Calculation times and projected postoperative refractive values of 100 patients with 'POWER!' program were compared with those of the program mounted on the Humphrey R A/B scan system (model 820) by SRK-II and SRK/T formula. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the projected postoperative refractive values of 'POWER!' program and Humphrey R A/B scan system (paired-t test, p>0.05). Calculation time of 'POWER!' was shorter than that of the program mounted on the Humphrey R A/B scan system incalculating more than 3 sets of IOL (paired-t test, P<0.05) and there was no internal calculation error (ztest, p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: 'POWER!' is a useful and reliable program for IOL power calculation using SRK-II and SRK/T formula.
Humans

PURPOSE: The effect of superior clear corneal incision and transverse astigmatic keratotomy on the with-the-rule astigmatism in sutureless, small incision cataract surgery was evaluated. METHODS: The postoperative keratometric changes were evaluated in 18 eyes with more than 1.4 diopter (D) of preoperative with-the-rule astigmatism, having sutureless, superior clear corneal incision phacoemulsification. Five eyes over 2.8 D with-the-rule astigmatism also had transverse corneal relaxing incision. Keratometric readings were done within 1 month preoperatively, 1 day and 2 months postoperatively and the changes were statistically analyzed. Simple subtraction method and Cravy method were used for the analysis of astigmatic changes. RESULTS: The mean astigmatism showed decreasing trend, 2.08, 2.25, 1.12 D, within preoperative 1 month, at postoperative 1 day and 2 months respectively and 3.70, 2.48, 2.06 D respectively when transverse keratotomy was added. The reduction of astigmatism was statistically significant at postoperative 2 months (P<0.05; Wilcoxon rank-sum test) and it was more significant with transverse astigmatic keratotomy (P<0.05, Mann-Whitney U test). CONCLUSIONS: The with-the-rule astigmatism over 1.40 D could be reduced in cataract surgery by sutureless, superior clear corneal incision and transverse corneal relaxing keratotomy.
Astigmatism* ; Cataract* ; Phacoemulsification ; Reading

The ankle is a complex structure supporting the entire musculoskeletal system during standing and walking. The injuries to the ankle joint result in a severe functional disturbance because of complex anatomical characteristics around the ankle joint. 284 patients of the ankle fracture that were treated in orthopedic Dept. Capital Armed Forced General Hospital from march 1985. to march 1988. were analized in clinical and radiological aspects. The following results were obtained: 1. The main cause of the injuries was falling from a height and the other were sports injury and slipping down in order. 2. The most common type by Lauge-Hansen classification was supination-external rotation type(122 case, 42.9%). 3. 211 case(74.3%) were treated with open reduction and internal fixation, and 73 case(25.7%) were treated with closed reduction. Poor outcome seemed closely related to the severity of the injury and degree of fracture displacement. 4. Accurate reduction and rigid internal fixation of the lateral malleolus with shortening was important factor. 5. Classification of Lauge-Hansen was useful in the diagnosis and treatment of the ankle fractures.
Accidental Falls ; Ankle Fractures ; Ankle Joint ; Ankle ; Arm ; Athletic Injuries ; Classification ; Clinical Study ; Diagnosis ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Musculoskeletal System ; Orthopedics ; Walking

PURPOSE: To investigate the clinical effects of orthokeratology lens wear on inhibition of the progression of Korean myopia and astigmatism. METHODS: The authors reviewed out-patient records of 144 eyes of 74 patients wearing orthokeratology lenses. The cycloplegic refraction and keratometry before and after wearing the lens were compared. The 190 eyes wearing spectacles were included into the control group. We evaluated the relationship between orthokeratology lens wear and control group according to age, initial myopia, initial astigmatism, myopic progression, astigmatic progression and duration of orthokeratology lens wearing. RESULTS: The mean cycloplegic refractive error of spherical equivalent was -3.36 +/- 1.96 diopters (D) in the patients wearing orthokeratology lenses, the mean astigmatism was -0.86 +/- 0.72 D, and the mean wearing period was 3.41 +/- 1.5 years. The mean myopic progression was 0.25 +/- 0.31 D in lens wearing, and 0.62 +/- 0.39 D in glasses wearing, respectively. There were statistically significant differences between lens and glasses wearing group (t-test, p < 0.01). The mean astigmatic progression was 0.06 +/- 0.22 D in lens wearing, and 0.15 +/- 0.21 D in glasses wearing control group respectively, and the results also show statistically significant differences (t-test, p < 0.01). There were no relationships between two groups as for age, initial myopia, initial astigmatism and duration of orthokeratology lens wearing (t-test, p > 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The orthokeratology lens was found to be effective in suppression of the progression of Korean myopia and astigmatism, compared with the glasses.
Astigmatism ; Eye ; Eyeglasses ; Glass ; Humans ; Myopia ; Outpatients ; Refractive Errors

In Korea, several outbreaks of low pathogenic AI (H9N2) viral infections leading to decreased egg production and increased mortality have been reported on commercial farms since 1996, resulting in severe economic losses. To control the H9N2 LPAI endemic, the Korea Veterinary Authority has permitted the use of the inactivated H9N2 LPAI vaccine since 2007. In this study, we developed a killed vaccine using a low pathogenic H9N2 AI virus (A/chicken/Korea/ADL0401) and conducted safety and efficacy tests in commercial layer farms while focusing on analysis of factors that cause losses to farms, including egg production rate, egg abnormality, and feed efficiency. The egg production rate of the control group declined dramatically 5 days after the challenge. There were no changes in feed consumption of all three groups before the challenge, but rates of the control declined afterward. Clinical signs in the vaccinated groups were similar, and a slight decline in feed consumption was observed after challenge; however, this returned to normal more rapidly than the control group and commercial layers. Overall, the results of this study indicate that the safety and efficacy of the vaccine are adequate to provide protection against the AI field infection (H9N2) epidemic in Korea.
Animals ; Chickens ; Emulsions ; Female ; Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype/*immunology ; Influenza Vaccines/*immunology/*standards ; Influenza in Birds/immunology/prevention & control ; Oviparity ; Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms ; Vaccines, Inactivated/immunology

PURPOSE: To describe MR findings of recurred giant cell tumor of bone. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MR imagings of ten cases of pathologically proven recurrence of giant cell tumor were retrospectively analyzed. Location of recurrence, multiplicity of recurred tumor, signal intensity and homogeneity, pattern of gadolinium enhancement, soft tissue and articular surface involvement were evaluated. RESULTS: Tumors were located in peripheral portion of previous operation site(80%). Six cases recurred as multiple lesions. Tumor showed low signal intensity on T1 weighted images(100%), high signal intensity on T2 weighted images(100%) and inhomogeneous peripheral rim enhancing pattern(75%). Soft tissue and articular surface involvement were also demonstrated. CONCLUSION: We concluded that characteristic MR findings of recurred giant cell tumor could be helpful in early detection and precise evaluation of tumor recurrence.
Gadolinium ; Giant Cell Tumor of Bone ; Giant Cell Tumors* ; Giant Cells* ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies

No abstract available.
Child* ; Hepatitis B, Chronic* ; Hepatitis, Chronic* ; Humans ; Interferon-alpha*

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute* ; Typhlitis*

PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Korean version of the Liverpool Adverse Events Profile (K-LAEP).METHODS: An observational, cross-sectional study was performed in people with epilepsy (PWE) treated with a stable dose of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). The scale was translated from the English version into a Korean version and was then back-translated to examine its accuracy. Patients completed the K-LAEP, Quality of Life in Epilepsy-31 (QOLIE-31), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI).RESULTS: Three hundreds twelve patients were enrolled. The K-LAEP was completed in a short time, perceived as easy to comprehend, and there was no relevant information missing. Ceiling/floor effects were negligible. Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha=0.9) and test-retest reliability (ICC=0.8) were satisfactory. The K-LAEP scores consistently correlated with QOLIE-31 (r= -0.528), BDI (r=0.526) and BAI (r=0.557) scores. When the K-LAEP was used to discriminate between patients with and without AED-related toxicity, the scores on the QOLIE, BDI and BAI corresponded. Anxiety symptoms were the strongest predictor to determine K-LAEP scores.CONCLUSIONS: The K-LAEP scale reveals highly acceptable parameters of the validity and reliability, suggesting that it is an appropriate instrument to measure adverse effects among Korean PWE.
Anticonvulsants ; Anxiety ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Depression ; Epilepsy ; Humans ; Quality of Life ; Reproducibility of Results

PURPOSE: To analyze blinking patterns when watching an ultra-high definition (UHD) television and to compare the results between normal eyes and dry eyes. METHODS: A total of 59 participants aged from 13 to 69 years were instructed to watch a colorful and dynamic video on a UHD television for 10 minutes. Before and after watching the UHD television, we measured the best corrected visual acuities, autorefraction, tear-break-up-time, degree of corneal erosion and conjunctival hyperemia via slit lamp biomicroscopy. In addition, questionnaires for the evaluation of eye fatigue and symptoms of a dry eye were completed. The definition of dry eye syndrome was that the tear-break-up-time of one of the eyes was less than 5 seconds, conjunctival injection, or marked corneal erosion. The number of blinks and the duration of blinking were both measured and analyzed at the early and late phases of video-watching. RESULTS: After watching the UHD television in the normal eye group, the tear-break-up-time was significantly decreased (p < 0.001) and the degree of corneal erosion was significantly increased (p = 0.023). However, the subjective symptoms of participants were not aggravated (p = 0.080). There were no significant differences in blinking patterns in the dry eye group. On the other hand, in the normal eye group, the mean blinking time was significantly increased (p = 0.030). CONCLUSIONS: Watching an UHD television changes the tear-break-up-time, degree of corneal erosion, and blinking pattern in normal eyes, which may increase the risk of dry eye syndrome.
Asthenopia ; Blinking* ; Dry Eye Syndromes ; Hand ; Hyperemia ; Slit Lamp ; Television* ; Visual Acuity