No abstract available.
Gait* ; Humans ; Spinal Cord Diseases*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to assess the effect of Transcatheter Arterial Embolization(TAE) according to anglographic findings in hepatocellular carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHOD: We retrospectively reviewed 50 cases who received TAE for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. We analyzed the anglographic findings which were correlated with the effect of TAE. The common anglographic findings of the hepatocellular carcinoma were tumor staining, neovascularity and enlargement of feeding artery. These anglographic findings were classified into grade 0, +1, +2. Effect of TAE were classified into five patterns;good response, partial response, minimal response, no response and more aggravation. RESULT:In grading of tumor staining, among 50 cases, the grade 0, +1, +2 were seen in 1 case(2%), 14 cases(28%), 35 cases(70%) each. In grading of enlargement of feeding artery, the grade 0, +1, +2 were seen in 7 cases(14%), 19 cases(38%), 24 cases(48%) each. In grading of neovascularity, the grade 0, +1, +2 were seen in 6 cases(12%), 15 cases(30%), 29 cases(58%) each. This study showed that the higher grade of anglographic finding, the better effect of TAE. A statistically significant differance was found (p<0.005). But the TAE was not effective in some cases (the maximum diameter of mass is over 10cm, portal vein thrombosis or ateriovenous shunt) in spite of high grade. CONCLUSION: We believe that these angiogr. aphic findings (tumor staining, enlargement of feeding artery, neovascularity) are one of important indices for anticipating the effect of TAE in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma.
Arteries ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular* ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Venous Thrombosis

No abstract available.
Pregnancy* ; Pyelonephritis*

BACKGROUND: Shigellosis is one of the most important contagious diseases in Korea. Especially, Jeju island has been known as the main and large outbreak area in Korea. The purpose of this study was to investigate the epidemiologic characteristics of shigellosis in Jeju island, 2003. METHODS: Patients with shigellosis, confirmed by culture in Jeju island in 2003, were included in this study. We retrospectively reviewed epidemiologic questionnaires, medical records, and official documents. We also collected data from direct interview with the patients with shigellosis. Epidemiological analysis was performed by 3 categorized events and ages. RESULTS: Ninety-nine patients were included in this study. S. sonnei was identified in all of the patients. Shigellosis mainly occurred in preschool-aged children. However, there was no statistical difference according to sex. Although there were asymptomatic cases (15.15%), the chief complaints were loose stool (69.7%) and abdominal pain (12.12%). Initial symptoms in symptomatic patients were abdominal pain (43.43%) and fever (31.31%). The median duration of isolation in the hospital was 7 days. CONCLUSION: Large and chronic epidemic outbreaks of shigellosis have occurred in Jeju island. Throughout this survey, we could show the epidemiological characteristics and the nature of shigellosis in Jeju island.
Abdominal Pain ; Child ; Disease Outbreaks ; Dysentery, Bacillary* ; Fever ; Humans ; Korea ; Medical Records ; Retrospective Studies ; Surveys and Questionnaires

BACKGROUND: Shigellosis is one of the most important contagious diseases in Korea. Especially, Jeju island has been known as the main and large outbreak area in Korea. The purpose of this study was to investigate the epidemiologic characteristics of shigellosis in Jeju island, 2003. METHODS: Patients with shigellosis, confirmed by culture in Jeju island in 2003, were included in this study. We retrospectively reviewed epidemiologic questionnaires, medical records, and official documents. We also collected data from direct interview with the patients with shigellosis. Epidemiological analysis was performed by 3 categorized events and ages. RESULTS: Ninety-nine patients were included in this study. S. sonnei was identified in all of the patients. Shigellosis mainly occurred in preschool-aged children. However, there was no statistical difference according to sex. Although there were asymptomatic cases (15.15%), the chief complaints were loose stool (69.7%) and abdominal pain (12.12%). Initial symptoms in symptomatic patients were abdominal pain (43.43%) and fever (31.31%). The median duration of isolation in the hospital was 7 days. CONCLUSION: Large and chronic epidemic outbreaks of shigellosis have occurred in Jeju island. Throughout this survey, we could show the epidemiological characteristics and the nature of shigellosis in Jeju island.
Abdominal Pain ; Child ; Disease Outbreaks ; Dysentery, Bacillary* ; Fever ; Humans ; Korea ; Medical Records ; Retrospective Studies ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Chylous leakage is an extremely rare complication of surgery for breast cancer. We experienced a case of chylous leakage after axillary lymph node dissection. A 38-year-old woman with invasive ductal carcinoma in the left breast underwent a modified radical mastectomy after four cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The postoperative serosanguinous drainage fluid became "milky" on the fourth postoperative day. After trying conservative management, we re-explored the axilla and ligated the lymphatic trunk. Although the success of many cases supports conservative management, timely surgical intervention represents an alternative in cases where leakage persists or where the output is high.
Adult ; Axilla ; Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Carcinoma, Ductal ; Chyle ; Drainage ; Female ; Humans ; Lymph Node Excision ; Lymph Nodes ; Mastectomy, Modified Radical

Gastric carcinoid tumors were previously believed to be rare lesions, representing less than 2% of all carcinoid tumors and less than 1% of all stomach neoplasms. More recent studies have demonstrated that they may constitute as much as l0-30% of carcinoid tumors. We recently experienced a 35-years old businessman with gastric carcinoid tumor who camplained of postprandial epigastric discomfort. Gastrofiberscope showed protruding mass with central depression and erasion which was located on greater curvature of lower body and its size was 1 x 1 cm. Gastroendoscopic biopsy was per formed. It was identified to carcinoid tumor(Argyrophilic tumor). EUS(endoscopic ultrasonography) revealed that the lesion was limited to submucosa without evidence of any metastasis to adjacent lymph node. The carcinoid tumor was successfully removed by endoscopic polypectomy. Gastrofiberscope and EUS 9months after polypectomy showed that the lesion was nearly normal mucosa without submucosal thickening.
Adult ; Biopsy ; Carcinoid Tumor* ; Depression ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Mucous Membrane ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Stomach Neoplasms

PURPOSE: Bronchial artery embolization has been effective in the treatment of massive hemoptysis. The purpose of this study was to report the effectiveness of bronchial artery embolization in patients with chronic recurrent hemoptysis intractable to medical treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included 25 patients who were admitted for treatment of chronic recurrent hemoptysis with bronchial artery embolization. Chronic recurrent hemoptysis was defined as condition intractable to medical treatment persistently and occuring over two times per two months. The target vessels for embolization were selected in consideration of the results of aortography as well as the finding of chest radiography and bronchoscopy. After selective arteriography for embolization by using 5-French Simmons catheter, embolic agents(mainly polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) and additionally gelfoam and coils) were released through the catheter. The results of the embolization were assessed with the review of medical records. RESULT: The causes of the hemoptysis were pulmonary tuberculosis(n=12,48%), bronchiectasis(n=6,24%), aspergilloma(n=3,12%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(n=2,8%), chronic bronchitis(n=I,4%) and lung abscess(n=1,4%). Selective embolization was carried out in 49 sites(42 in bronchial artery and 7 in nonbronchial systemic collaterals). Early success rate within 2 months was 96%. After long-term follow up study (6-30 months, average 15 months), complete remission was 72%, partial remission 12% and recurrence 12% respectively. During and after embolization, major complications such as spinal cord injury or bronchial wall necrosis was not found. Minor complications were chest pain, shoulder pain and chilling sense, which were relieved spontaneously within a few days. CONCLUSION: High success rate and relatively low recurrence with no significant complication were achieved with bronchial artery embolization in the patients complaining of chronic recurrent hemoptysis.
Angiography ; Aortography ; Bronchial Arteries* ; Bronchoscopy ; Catheters ; Chest Pain ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gelatin Sponge, Absorbable ; Hemoptysis* ; Humans ; Lung ; Medical Records ; Necrosis ; Polyvinyls ; Radiography ; Recurrence ; Shoulder Pain ; Spinal Cord Injuries ; Thorax

No abstract available.
Dilatation* ; Kidney* ; Pelvis*

BACKGROUND: Onychomycosis is a common manifestation of fungal disease, accounting for 50% of all nail problems and a recent rise in the prevalence of onychomycosis has been noted. Despite enormous advances in the treatment of onychomycosis in recent years, treatment frequently fails and recurrences of infection following successful therapy are not uncommon. In order to understand the pathogenesis of onychomycosis, it is crucial to know the factors affecting the nail growth (individual health, age, sex, familial tendency and seasonal factor, etc) and the growth rate of nails. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to find any difference of growth rate between affected and unaffected toe nails in the same individual. METHODS: During a 2-year-period from February, 1998 to February, 2000, 49 patients who had attended our department with distal subungal onychomycosis affecting only one sided toe nail were recruited. A reference mark (lunula or 3 mm from the border of the proximal nail fold) by CO2 laser was etched on the nail plate of their both great toe nail. Patients were seen at intervals of 1-2 weeks. At each visit the vertical distance was measured between the lunula or the proximal nail fold and the mark on the nail plate. The growth rate of affected and unaffected toe nails in the same patients was measured. All data are reported as mean+/-SD and statistical analysis was performed using the paired t-test. RESULTS: The growth rate of the affected great toe nails showed a decrease against that of the unaffected. The affected toe nails were divided to above 50% and under 50% according to the size of invasion of the nail plate by fungi and compared with unaffected toe nails respectively. In under 50% we did not find any statistically significant difference of the growth rate. CONCLUSION: our study did not support slow linear nail growth as a predisposing factor for onychomycosis. Other factors such as local abnormality of nails which are more common in older patients may be responsible for the increased incidence of onychomycosis in this group.
Causality ; Fungi ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lasers, Gas ; Nails* ; Onychomycosis* ; Prevalence ; Recurrence ; Seasons ; Toes