No abstract available.
Memory*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Cardioplegic Solutions* ; Oxygen* ; Rats*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Pneumothorax*

No abstract available.
Coronary Artery Bypass* ; Coronary Vessels*

No abstract available.
Cervix Uteri* ; Female ; Lymph Nodes* ; Neoplasm Metastasis*

Since the introduction of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy(ESWL), percutaneous nephrolithotomy(PNL) has been performed in limited cases of the patients requiring a stone procedure. The roles of PNL in the era of ESWL were reviewed through analysis of 86 patients treated with PNL. From July 1987 to December 1994, 86 patients(89 renal units) underwent percutaneous extraction of renal or upper ureteral stone. From July 1987 to January 1990, PNL was performed as the first choice for the treatment of 69 cases out of 119 renal or upper ureteral stone, and PNL was done in 58.0% (69/119) of the cases. From February 1990 to December 1994 when ESWL was available at our hospital, PNL was done in 20 cases of ESWL resistant stone or large volume stone, and PNL was done in 1.5%(20/1,362) of renal or upper ureteral stone. In the era of ESWL in our hospital, ESWL were performed in 94.5% of renal or upper ureteral stone, open surgery in 3.0%, PNL in 1.5% and conservative treatment in 1.0%. Initial success rate of PNL was 86.9%(60/69 cases) and subsequently when ESWL was available at our hospital, it became 95.0%(19/20 cases), probably due to accumulated experiences. Subsequently decreased complications of PNL such as persistent urinary leakage, prolonged hematuria, ureteral perforation and paralytic ileus. Though the introduction of ESWL in our hospital also brought about dramatic ally decreased use of PNL, PNL continues to have a primary role in the management of renal or upper ureteral stone in limited cases such as patients refusing ESWL, ESWL resistant stone or large volume stone.
Hematuria ; Humans ; Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction ; Lithotripsy* ; Nephrostomy, Percutaneous* ; Shock* ; Ureter

Eosinophilic granuloma, Hand-Schuler-Christian and Abt-Letterer-Siwe syndrome are considered to be different manifestations of one and the same disease of the reticulohistiocytic system, and are included under the term histiocytosis X, clinical and morphological manifestations are variable. The syndromes can be differentiated according to their course and extent of spread. Eosinophilic granuloma of bone is the mildest form, usually restricted to one or a few foci. This occurs chiefly in children but may occur at any age. The male sex is affected almost twice as often as the female. Cranial vault is most commonly affected site and jaw, humerus, rib and femur are also often affected. Recently we have experienced 2 cases of eosinophilic granuloma of the skull bone. One was 10 years old male with protruding mass on the right frontal bone, and the other was a mass on right parietal bone in 12 years old male. On admission, the patients had headache and local tenderness without any abnormal neurological signs. Histopathologic findings show the fibrocartilagenous tissue and bone. The soft tissue is densely replaced by infiltrations of histiocytes, eosinophils, lymphocytes, plasma cells and multinucleated giants cells. Bone tissue is also infiltrated with identical cells. The differential diagnosis distiction between the cerebral granulomatosis is difficult.
Bone and Bones ; Child ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Eosinophilic Granuloma* ; Eosinophils* ; Female ; Femur ; Frontal Bone ; Headache ; Histiocytes ; Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell ; Humans ; Humerus ; Jaw ; Lymphocytes ; Male ; Parietal Bone ; Plasma Cells ; Ribs ; Skull*

Malignant growth of the small bowel accounts for approximately 1 to 3 percent of malignant tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. Leiomyosarcomas are the second most common primary tumor of the small bowel, their frequency being one-third to one-half of adenocarcinoma. The common clinical symptoms of leiomyosarcoma of the small intestine are hemorrhage and abdominal pain. Accurate diagnosis cannot be based on solely on the roentgenographic finding, although in certain situations the dignosis of leiomyosarcoma may be suggested strongly. We report a case of bleeding leiomyosarcoma located in the second portion of the duodenum which was first recognized by endoscopic examination and confirmed by explolaparotomy.
Abdominal Pain ; Adenocarcinoma ; Diagnosis ; Duodenum* ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Hemorrhage ; Intestine, Small ; Leiomyosarcoma*

Gastric diverticula have been considered to be rave when compored with diverticula in other sites of the gastrointestinal tract. It's prevalence is 0.043% of routine gastrointestinal radiologic examination by Palmer's extensive review. Gastric diverticula almost always occur as a single lesion and approximately 75% of gastric diverticula occur in the juxtacardiac region, high on the posterior wall of the stomach, about 2 cm below the esophagogastric junction and 3 cm from the lesser curvature. We report a case of 75-year-old male patient with multiple gastric diverlicula which was first encountered by endoscopy and confirmed by upper gastrointestinal radiologic examination.
Aged ; Diverticulum ; Diverticulum, Stomach* ; Endoscopy ; Esophagogastric Junction ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Humans ; Male ; Prevalence ; Stomach

PURPOSE: Although the conventional clinical, histopathological, and moleculobiological factors of bladder tumor provide a certain degree of stratification of tumor biological potential, it is difficult to make an accurate and reliable prediction of tumor recurrence with known prognostic factors due to tumor heterogeneity. So we attempted to devise a scoring system reflecting various prognostic factors to predict tumor recurrence more accurately in superficial bladder carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed retrospectively the clinical records and pathological specimens of 46 patients with superficial bladder cancer, who underwent transurethral resection of bladder tumor and intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) instillation between September, 1991 and December, 1996. The mean follow-up was 29 months. We examined the prognostic parameters such as tumor stage, grade, tumor with or without CIS, size, number, p53 expression and investigated the relation between the prognostic factors and the tumor recurrence. We assigned 1 and 2 for Ta and T1; 1 and 2 for tumor size(<3cm and > or =3cm); 1 and 2 for tumor number( < or =2 and > or =3); 1, 2 and 3 for grades( I, II and III); 2 if CIS is found and 1 if not; 2 if p53 is expressed more than 20%(strong positive) and 1 if p53 is not expressed or less than 20%(weakly positive). We summed the points assigned to all categories for each patient, and investigated tumor recurrence according to total points by the scoring system. We corrected the scoring system by deleting the insignificant prognostic factors in this study which was named the corrected scoring system. We recounted the points based on it. RESULTS: Tumor recurred in 15 out of 46 patients(32.6%). Recurrence rate in patients with p53(strong positive) and with p53(weakly positive) was 47.3 and 18.5%, respectively (p<0.05). The recurrence rate of stage Ta and T1 was 40.0 and 30.6%(p>0.05) and that of grades I, II and III was 0, 20.8 and 55.6%(p<0.05), respectively. The recurrence rate of patients with and without CIS was 52.9 and 26.9%(p<0.05), respectively. The recurrence rate for patients with size of tumors > or =3cm and<3cm was 50 and 26.5%, respectively (p>0.05). Patients with number of tumors < or =2(22.6%) have a lower recurrence rate than those with tumors> or =3(53.3%)(p<0.05). p53 expression, high grade, tumor with CIS and number(> or =3) were considered as prognostic factors that affected the recurrence. For patients with summed points 4 to 9 based on the corrected scoring system, the recurrence rate was zero%(0/16) in patients with lower score(4 or 5), 31.8%(8/21) in those with intermediate score(6 or 7), and 77.8%(7/9) in those with higher score(8 or 9)(lower and intermediate score vs higher score: p<0.005). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggested that this scoring system reflecting various prognostic factors can be a reliable method predicting the tumor recurrence. This scoring system awaits its application to more cases of bladder tumor and its refinement, if necessary.
Bacillus ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Population Characteristics ; Recurrence* ; Retrospective Studies ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; Urinary Bladder*