No abstract available.
Memory*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Cardioplegic Solutions* ; Oxygen* ; Rats*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Pneumothorax*

No abstract available.
Cervix Uteri* ; Female ; Lymph Nodes* ; Neoplasm Metastasis*

No abstract available.
Coronary Artery Bypass* ; Coronary Vessels*

PURPOSE: Although the conventional clinical, histopathological, and moleculobiological factors of bladder tumor provide a certain degree of stratification of tumor biological potential, it is difficult to make an accurate and reliable prediction of tumor recurrence with known prognostic factors due to tumor heterogeneity. So we attempted to devise a scoring system reflecting various prognostic factors to predict tumor recurrence more accurately in superficial bladder carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed retrospectively the clinical records and pathological specimens of 46 patients with superficial bladder cancer, who underwent transurethral resection of bladder tumor and intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) instillation between September, 1991 and December, 1996. The mean follow-up was 29 months. We examined the prognostic parameters such as tumor stage, grade, tumor with or without CIS, size, number, p53 expression and investigated the relation between the prognostic factors and the tumor recurrence. We assigned 1 and 2 for Ta and T1; 1 and 2 for tumor size(<3cm and > or =3cm); 1 and 2 for tumor number( < or =2 and > or =3); 1, 2 and 3 for grades( I, II and III); 2 if CIS is found and 1 if not; 2 if p53 is expressed more than 20%(strong positive) and 1 if p53 is not expressed or less than 20%(weakly positive). We summed the points assigned to all categories for each patient, and investigated tumor recurrence according to total points by the scoring system. We corrected the scoring system by deleting the insignificant prognostic factors in this study which was named the corrected scoring system. We recounted the points based on it. RESULTS: Tumor recurred in 15 out of 46 patients(32.6%). Recurrence rate in patients with p53(strong positive) and with p53(weakly positive) was 47.3 and 18.5%, respectively (p<0.05). The recurrence rate of stage Ta and T1 was 40.0 and 30.6%(p>0.05) and that of grades I, II and III was 0, 20.8 and 55.6%(p<0.05), respectively. The recurrence rate of patients with and without CIS was 52.9 and 26.9%(p<0.05), respectively. The recurrence rate for patients with size of tumors > or =3cm and<3cm was 50 and 26.5%, respectively (p>0.05). Patients with number of tumors < or =2(22.6%) have a lower recurrence rate than those with tumors> or =3(53.3%)(p<0.05). p53 expression, high grade, tumor with CIS and number(> or =3) were considered as prognostic factors that affected the recurrence. For patients with summed points 4 to 9 based on the corrected scoring system, the recurrence rate was zero%(0/16) in patients with lower score(4 or 5), 31.8%(8/21) in those with intermediate score(6 or 7), and 77.8%(7/9) in those with higher score(8 or 9)(lower and intermediate score vs higher score: p<0.005). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggested that this scoring system reflecting various prognostic factors can be a reliable method predicting the tumor recurrence. This scoring system awaits its application to more cases of bladder tumor and its refinement, if necessary.
Bacillus ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Population Characteristics ; Recurrence* ; Retrospective Studies ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; Urinary Bladder*

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Intracardiac pathology results in 15 - 20% of ischemic stroke, but transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) has a number of limitations because of suboptimal precordial windows or ultrasound interference with prosthetic materials. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) provides superior resolution of basal structures such as the left atrium, left atrial appendage, mitral valvular apparatus, atrial septum, and aorta. The purpose of this study was to describe the various TEE findings which were sources of cerebral emboli. MATERIALS AND METHOD: The study population was comprised of 122 patients (mean age:54.5, male 83, female 39) who were admitted to Severance Hospital because of ischemic stroke from 1991 to 1997. All patients underwent TEE with agitated saline contrast administration. Patients without a definitive cardiac source of embolism underwent Holtor monitoring, internal carotid and cerebral angiography, as well as transcranial Doppler. RESULTS: 1) The number of patients diagnosed as cardioembolic stroke was 55 (45.1%). Atrial fibrillation was noted in 31 patients of cardioembolic stroke and it was the most frequent finding. Among these patients, 16 did not have any other cardiac problem. 2) We were able to find the possible source of embolism in 49 (40.2%) patients with TEE. Among these patients, 12 did not have dysrhythmia or any known previous heart problem. We found spontaneous echo contrast in the left atrium and left atrial appendage in 33 cases. There were 8 patients who had intracardiac thrombus. Among these patients, 6 patients had thrombi in the left atrial appendage, 1 in left atrium and 1 in left ventricular apex. We found patent foramen ovale in 3 cases and atrial aneurysm in 1 case. We found atheromatous plaque and/or thrombi of the aorta in 16 cases, while there were 4 cases where lesions located in the ascending aorta and aortic arch and which were considered as the source of embolism. Small thrombi in the left atrial appendage and left atrium were only detectable with TEE. CONCLUSIONS: We described TEE findings in ischemic stroke patients. And we assert TEE is a useful diagnostic tool in detecting the source of cardioembolic stroke and it may be used as a primary diagnostic tool in patients who are being evaluated for ischemic stroke.
Aneurysm ; Aorta ; Aorta, Thoracic ; Atrial Appendage ; Atrial Fibrillation ; Atrial Septum ; Cerebral Angiography ; Dihydroergotamine ; Echocardiography ; Echocardiography, Transesophageal* ; Embolism ; Female ; Foramen Ovale, Patent ; Heart ; Heart Atria ; Humans ; Intracranial Embolism ; Male ; Pathology ; Stroke* ; Thrombosis ; Ultrasonography

Multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma is a rare subtype of renal cell carcinoma with multiple variable sized, non-communicating fluid-filled cystic spaces. It is often very difficult to differentiate multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma from non-neoplastic, and other malignant neoplastic mass clinically and radiologically. The tumor is usually shown in low grade and low stage. Surgical treatment results in good prognosis. We report a case of multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma which was presumptively diagnosed preoperatively, confirmed intraoperatively by frozen section examination of tissue, and treated with wedge resection in a 43-year-old man.
Adult ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell* ; Frozen Sections ; Humans ; Kidney ; Prognosis

BACKGROUND: Several stents are now available for the treatment of failed or suboptimal angioplasty. However, one of the limitations of stents is difficult to deploy especially in tortuous vessels, lesions at a bend, and distal to previously deployed stents. The AVE Micro-II stent has a very low profile(1.65mm), optimum radio-opacity, and highly flexible properties. It is mounted on a semi-compliant balloon with a monorail delivery system. Therefore, it is easy to operate and feasible in tortuous, distal lesions and variety of lesion lengths. We report clinical outcomes and angiographic follow up results of AVE Micro-II stent. METHODS: Between January 1996 and September 1996, 77 patients were stented with the AVE Micro-II stent. Six-months follow-up angiogram was performed in 57 patients(64 lesions, follow-up rate : 74%). RESULTS: The overall angiographic restenosis rate was 26.6%. By univariable analysis, the rate of restenosis was significantly higher for stents in angulated lesions, in smaller post-stent luminal diameter, in the left anterior descending artery lesion than the right coronary artery, in ostial lesion(p=0.02), in peristent dissecting lesions(p=0.02), in tortuous proximal vessels(p=0.03). Stenting of angulated lesions(p=0.0001, Odds ratio=54.64), small post-stent luminal diameter(p=0.01, Odds ratio=5.46), and the left anterior descending artery than the right coronary artery(p=0.03, Odds ratio=17.2) were the strong independent predictors of restenosis in a multiple logistic regression analysis. Event-free survival(freedom from death, myocardial infarction or revascularization) was 80.7% at 6 months. CONCLUSIONS: 1) The AVE Micro-II stent can be placed safely and efficiently. 2) The angiographic restenosis rate was 26.6%, and 80.7% of patients remained free of cardiovascular events at 6 months. 3) Stenting of angulated lesions, small post-stent luminal diameter, and the left anterior descending artery than the right coronary artery are associated with higher rates of restenosis.
Angioplasty ; Arteries ; Coronary Vessels ; Disease-Free Survival ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Myocardial Infarction ; Phenobarbital ; Stents*

Malignant growth of the small bowel accounts for approximately 1 to 3 percent of malignant tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. Leiomyosarcomas are the second most common primary tumor of the small bowel, their frequency being one-third to one-half of adenocarcinoma. The common clinical symptoms of leiomyosarcoma of the small intestine are hemorrhage and abdominal pain. Accurate diagnosis cannot be based on solely on the roentgenographic finding, although in certain situations the dignosis of leiomyosarcoma may be suggested strongly. We report a case of bleeding leiomyosarcoma located in the second portion of the duodenum which was first recognized by endoscopic examination and confirmed by explolaparotomy.
Abdominal Pain ; Adenocarcinoma ; Diagnosis ; Duodenum* ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Hemorrhage ; Intestine, Small ; Leiomyosarcoma*