No abstract available.
Crohn Disease ; Humans ; Metagenome

No abstract available.
Adalimumab* ; Crohn Disease* ; Fistula* ; Infliximab*

No abstract available.
Adenoma/diagnosis ; Colonoscopy ; Colorectal Neoplasms/*diagnosis ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; *Occult Blood ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Colon capsule endoscopy (CCE) is a noninvasive technique for diagnostic imaging of the colon. It does not require air inflation or sedation and allows minimally invasive and painless colonic evaluation. The role of CCE is rapidly evolving; for example, for colorectal screening (colorectal cancer [CRC]) in average-risk patients, in patients with an incomplete colonoscopy, in patients refusing a conventional colonoscopy, and in patients with contraindications for conventional colonoscopy. In this paper, we comprehensively review the technical characteristics and procedure of CCE and compare CCE with conventional methods such as conventional colonoscopy or computed tomographic colonography. Future expansion of CCE in the area of CRC screening for the surveillance of polyps and adenomatous lesions and for assessment of inflammatory bowel disease is also discussed.
Capsule Endoscopy* ; Colon* ; Colonography, Computed Tomographic ; Colonoscopy ; Diagnostic Imaging ; Humans ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ; Inflation, Economic ; Mass Screening ; Polyps

No abstract available.

PURPOSE: To report long-term changes in the average retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in 2 patients who had intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) injection for diabetic papillopathy. CASE SUMMARY: A 36-year-old patient with diabetes complained of decreased visual acuity (20/200) in the right eye. The fundus examination showed optic disc swelling in both eyes. The average RNFL thickness based on optical coherence tomography (OCT) increased to 278 microm and Goldmann perimetry showed nasal visual field defect in the right eye. The IVB was injected into the right eye. Three weeks after the IVB injection, RNFL thickness decreased to 135 microm and visual acuity improved to 20/25 in the right eye. However, RNFL thickness increased from 126 to 207 microm and visual acuity decreased to 20/32 in the left eye. Thus, IVB was injected into the left eye. In week 3, RNFL thickness decreased to 147 microm and visual acuity improved to 20/20 in the left eye. At 12 months after IVB injection, RNFL thickness was 87 microm in the right eye and 109 microm in the left eye. A 57-year-old patient with diabetes complained of decreased visual acuity (20/200) and showed optic disc swelling in the right eye. The average RNFL thickness increased to 252 microm and Goldmann perimetry showed an enlarged blind spot in the right eye. IVB was injected into the right eye. After 3 weeks, RNFL thickness decreased to 136 microm and visual acuity improved to 20/70 in the right eye. Six months after IVB injection, RNFL thickness was 83 microm in the right eye. CONCLUSIONS: Visual acuity progressively improved within 3 weeks and RNFL thickness measured by spectral domain OCT showed progressive thickness reduction in 2 cases of diabetic papillopathy patients who had IVB injections.
Adult ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; Diabetic Retinopathy ; Eye ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Nerve Fibers ; Optic Disk ; Retinaldehyde ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; Visual Acuity ; Visual Field Tests ; Visual Fields ; Bevacizumab

No abstract available.
Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Antihypertensive Agents ; Corneal Edema/diagnosis/etiology/therapy ; Corneal Injuries/diagnosis/*etiology/therapy ; Corneal Ulcer/diagnosis/etiology/therapy ; Drug Combinations ; Eye Enucleation ; Eye Pain/etiology ; Glaucoma/diagnosis/etiology/therapy ; Glucocorticoids ; Humans ; Insect Bites and Stings/diagnosis/*etiology/therapy ; Intraocular Pressure ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mydriatics ; Ophthalmia, Sympathetic/diagnosis/*etiology/therapy ; Visual Acuity ; *Wasps

Dysfunction of gut immune regulation is involved in mucosal damage in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, there is still no efficacious immune-regulator for the treatment of IBD. Alloferon is a novel immune-modulatory peptide that was originally isolated from infected insects. It shows anti-inflammatory effects by the regulation of cytokine production by immune cells and their activities. Therefore, we investigated the effect of alloferon in a mouse model of colitis using dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Colitis was induced by administration of DSS in drinking water for 7 consecutive days. It was confirmed by the presence of weight loss, diarrhea, hematochezia, and colon contraction. Alloferon was injected 4 days after DSS administration. We found that alloferon improved the pathogenesis of IBD based on the reduced disease activity index (DAI) and colon contraction. Edema, epithelial erosion, and immune cell infiltration were found in mice administered DSS, but the phenomena were reduced following alloferon treatment. The plasma level of IL-6, a classical pro-inflammatory cytokine in colitis, was also decreased by alloferon. Moreover, alloferon inhibited the TNF-alpha-induced degradation and phosphorylation of IkappaB in Colo205 colon cancer cells. Taken together, these results show that alloferon has anti-inflammatory effects and attenuates DSS-induced colitis.
Animals ; Colitis* ; Colon ; Colonic Neoplasms ; Dextran Sulfate* ; Diarrhea ; Drinking Water ; Edema ; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ; Insects ; Interleukin-6 ; Mice ; Phosphorylation ; Plasma ; Weight Loss

No abstract available.