BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the functional outcomes of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) and to assess factors affecting the patients' subjective satisfaction after RTSA. METHODS: Forty-three patients (mean age, 75.0 ± 5.2 years) who underwent RTSA for cuff tear arthropathy or irreparable cuff tears with preoperative magnetic resonance imaging and pre- and postoperative radiographs at 1 year, and whose various functional outcomes including pain visual analogue scale (VAS), simple shoulder test, Constant score, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score, and active range of motion were evaluated preoperatively and at the last follow-up (>12 months) were enrolled. The outcome parameter was set as a satisfaction scale. Various clinical and radiographic factors were analyzed, and their correlations with postoperative satisfaction were evaluated. RESULTS: All functional scores, VAS pain score, and active forward flexion showed significant improvement after surgery (all p<0.001). Twenty-nine patients were satisfied with the results and 14 were dissatisfied. The presence of pseudoparalysis (p=0.028) and worse preoperative function (all p<0.05) were related with higher satisfaction. Any radiologic parameters did not affect patients' postoperative satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS: All patients showed a good functional outcome after RTSA, however the patients' subjective postoperative satisfaction was affected by preoperative functional status (higher satisfaction in poor preoperative function), not by radiological findings.
Arthroplasty* ; Elbow ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Shoulder* ; Surgeons ; Tears

No abstract available.
DNA* ; Laryngeal Neoplasms*

No accepted standard currently exists to classify asphyxia and define its subtypes. Sauvageau and Boghossian proposed an asphyxia classification system in 2010 that divided asphyxia into suffocation, strangulation, mechanical asphyxia, and drowning. Here, we present a modification of this classification system. We propose to classify asphyxia into four main categories: suffocation, strangulation, mechanical asphyxia, and complicated asphyxia. Suffocation includes smothering and choking as well as confined spaces, entrapment, and vitiated atmosphere. Strangulation is subdivided into hanging, ligature strangulation, manual strangulation, and other unspecified strangulation. Mechanical asphyxia includes positional and traumatic asphyxia. Finally, complicated asphyxia is defined as cases with two or more identifiable mechanisms of asphyxia. In this study, we review autopsy cases from 2012 diagnosed as asphyxia and classify them according to our proposed asphyxia classification system. In 24.7% of cases, the age range was 40-49 years, and 51.9% were men. The most common method of asphyxia was hanging (245 cases, 55.1%), followed by ligature or manual strangulation (53 cases, 11.9%). Most hangings were suicides; smothering, ligature, and manual strangulation were usually homicides. Eighteen cases were complicated asphyxia. This classification provides a simplified, unified, and useful tool to classify and understand deaths due to asphyxia.
Airway Obstruction ; Asphyxia* ; Atmosphere ; Autopsy* ; Classification* ; Confined Spaces ; Drowning ; Homicide ; Humans ; Korea* ; Ligation ; Male ; Suicide

No abstract available.
Hearing*

No abstract available.
Rhinoplasty*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical results of double tension band wiring for communited olecranon fractures involving proximal 1/3. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed 9 cases of communited olecranon fractures involving proximal 1/3 treated with double tension band wiring followed for minimum 10 months. There were 2 cases of olecranon fractures involving only proximal 1/3, 6 cases of olecranon fractures involving from proximal 1/3 to middle 1/3 and 1 case of olecranon fractures involving from proximal 1/3 to distal 1/3. We analyzed the bone union time, radiologic results for gap, reduction loss, pin migration, pain, range of motion, complications and functional outcomes at last follow up. RESULTS: All patients had solid bone union without additional surgery and average union time was 10.3 weeks. Anatomical reduction could be obtained in 8 of 9 cases but there was 1 mm step off in one case. 36 pins were used to fix the fractures, 1 pin of 18 distal pins and 2 pins of 18 proximal pins were migrated to backward but there was no reduction loss. Only 1 distal pin needed early removal due to skin irritation. Average range of motion ranged from flexion contracture 3.3 degrees to further flexion 137.8 degrees. On functional analysis, we got 8 cases of good result, 1 case of fair result and there was no poor result. CONCLUSION: Double tension band wiring for comminuted olecranon fracture involving proximal 1/3 was concluded to give a firm fixation of the fracture site as bone union could be acquired without serious pin problems.
Contracture ; Humans ; Olecranon Process ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Skin

Pulmonary embolism is a serious complication, which is well known in patients undergoing total hip or total knee arthroplasty or lower extremity fracture surgery. But, there are few literatures concerning pulmonary embolism after upper extremity surgery. Pulmonary embolism after minor upper extremity fracture surgery is extremely rare. We report a case of 66-year-old female patient that developed pulmonary embolism after percutaneous cannulated screw fixation for a greater tubercle fracture of the proximal humerus with literature review.
Aged ; Arthroplasty ; Female ; Fracture Fixation ; Hip ; Humans ; Humerus* ; Knee ; Lower Extremity ; Pulmonary Embolism* ; Shoulder Fractures ; Upper Extremity

PURPOSE: To compare the detectability and conspicuity of focal hepatic lesions among conventional spin echo techniqueniques and fast scanning techniqueniques in MR imaging. MATERIALS AND METHOD: 36 patients (24 men and 12 women, mean age of 54 years) with suspected liver mass on CT scan and US underwent MR imaging at 1.5 T system. Conventional spin echo T1, T2 weighted imaging, T2 weighted fast spin echo, T1 weighted fast multiplanar spoiled gradient recalled(FMPSPGR) imaging and Gd-enhanced FMPSPGR(Gd-FMPSPGR) were performed. 16 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma, 13 cases of hemangioma, 3 cases of metastasis, 3 cases of cholangiocarcinoma, and 1 case of lymphoma were included. Lesion conspicuity and number of detected hepatic masses were compared among the MR sequences. RESULTS: Overall 63 hepatic lesions were detected in 36 patients. Lesion detection' was 63(100%) with Gd-FMPSPGR, 62(98%) with non-enhanced FMPSPGR, 58(92%) with SE T2WI, 56(89%) with SE T1WI and 54 (86%)with FSE. For solid tumors, the contrast to noise ratio was greatest on Gd-FMPSPGR which was significantly higher than any other sequences. For hemangiomas it was greatest on SE T2WI and was significantly higher than SE T1WI. In the qualitative assessment, Gd-FMPSPGR was preferred for both solid mass lesion and hemangioma. FSE was inferior to SE T2WI for lesion detection and conspicuity without statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: For the evaluation of focal hepatic lesions, breath-hold FMPSPGR with and without contrast enhancement may replace the conventional SE T1WI. Because FSE was inferior to SE T2WI when the later is used with respiratory compensation in some cases, it is difficult to replace the SE T2WI with FSE. But FSE, FMPSPGR and Gd-FMPSPGR images, when combined, may replace SE T1WI and SE T2WI.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Cholangiocarcinoma ; Compensation and Redress ; Female ; Hemangioma ; Humans ; Liver ; Lymphoma ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Noise ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

The calcium alginate matrix, which has been used as a delivery vehicle for autogenous transplantation of the human chondrocytes, should provide a suitable environment for chondrocyte survival and for generation of new cartilage-like tissue. To optimize calcium alginate condition for human chondrocytes, the viscosity and concentration of sodium alginate and the CaCl2 concentration were varied during manufacture of the alginate discs. Human rib cartilage was dissected, enzymatically dissociated, and the chondrocytes were collected by centrifugation. Chondrocyte viability measured after fourteen days of culture by quantification of the DNA content per alginate discs. Sodium alginate concentrations were tested at four different levels varying from 0.5% to 3 percent using both low and moderate viscosity alginates. The DNA content was highest at 0.5% percent and lowest at 3 percent with both alginates. Varying the CaCl2 concentrations for polymerization from 50 to 200 mM produced no difference in DNA content. These data demonstrate that sodium alginate concentration rather than CaCl2 concentration is a critical factor for successful encapsulation of human cartilage cells in a calcium alginate matrix.
Alginates ; Calcium* ; Cartilage ; Centrifugation ; Chondrocytes* ; DNA ; Humans* ; Polymerization ; Polymers ; Ribs ; Sodium ; Viscosity

Medicolegal autopsy is a vital tool for obtaining reliable injury mortality data. This study statistically analyzed data obtained from medicolegal autopsies performed in Korea in 2013. The aim of this study was to analyze various aspects of the 4,861 deaths that were categorized as unusual in Korea in 2013. A total of 4,861 deaths were analyzed by gender, age, manner of death, and cause of death. Of the 4,861 deaths, 3,542 (73.3%) were of men and 1,302 (26.7%) were of women. With respect to the manner of death, 54.4% were recorded as unnatural deaths, 38.8% were natural deaths, and 6.9% had unknown causes. Of the 2,642 unnatural deaths, 45.0% were determined to be accidental deaths, 26.3% suicidal, 16.9% homicidal, and 11.8% undetermined. Of the total number of unnatural deaths, 42.1% were trauma-related deaths, for which falling down accounted for 33.8%. Asphyxiation accounted for 16.0% of unnatural deaths, and of these, the predominant cause was hanging (58.8%). In addition, 14.4% of deaths were due to drowning, 12.9% poisoning, 11.0% thermal injuries, 1.8% complications arising from medical procedures, and 0.8% electrocution, starvation, or neglect. Among the 1,886 natural deaths, heart diseases accounted for 52.0% and vascular diseases accounted for 16.9%. Of the 196 deaths among children under the age of 10 years, 41.8% were recorded as unnatural deaths, 45.1% were natural deaths, and 1.5% had unknown causes.
Autopsy* ; Cause of Death ; Child ; Data Interpretation, Statistical ; Drowning ; Female ; Heart Diseases ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Mortality ; Poisoning ; Starvation ; Vascular Diseases