No abstract available.

The pathogenesis of cervical cancer is a clinically important example of multistage epithelial tumorigenesis from the progressive neoplastic changes known as premalignant cervical intraepithelial neoplasias (CINs) to invasive cervical cancers. Infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) types, such as HPV-16 and -18, is strongly correlated with the development of cervical cancer. The malignant phenotype of high-risk types depends on the expression of two viral oncogenes, E6 and E7. A number of genetic and biochemical studies have shown that E6 and E7 proteins cooperatively exert cellular immortalization and transformation by interfering with the functions of the cellular tumor suppressor proteins, p53 and pRb, respectively. The two oncoproteins inactivate the tumor suppressor proteins in such a way that E6 binds to p53 and promotes its ubiquitin/proteosome-dependent degradation and E7 binds to the hypophosphorylated form of pRb and interferes with its binding to E2F. In addition to these features of E6 and E7, other or additional activities have been reported that the independent of p53 and pRb in the course of cellular transformation. p73 was inactivated by both high-risk and low-risk HPV E6 proteins, independent of the E6-directed degradation. The inactivation of p73 by the high-risk E6 would provide another advantage for cervical carcinogenesis. We also found that HPV E7 is functionally associated with the interferon regulatory factor (IRF)-1 tumor suppressor, a key regulator of cellular immune response. Binding assays indicate a physical interaction between IRF-1 and HPV E7 at the molecular level both in vitro and in vivo. E7 transgene expression in an inducible cell line and transgenic mice abrogates transactivation function of IRF-1 in vivo, which might be important for the elucidation of the E7-mediated immune evading mechanism that is frequently found in cervical cancer. Furthermore, the functional inactivation of p73 or IRF-1 by both high-risk and low-risk HPV E6/E7 could play an important role in the malignant transformation and benign condyloma formation of the cervix.
Animals ; Carcinogenesis ; Cell Line ; Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia ; Cervix Uteri ; Female ; Human papillomavirus 16 ; Humans* ; Immunity, Cellular ; In Vitro Techniques ; Interferons ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Oncogene Proteins ; Oncogenes ; Papillomavirus Infections* ; Phenotype ; Transcriptional Activation ; Transgenes ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

No abstract available.
Surveys and Questionnaires* ; Dementia* ; Mass Screening* ; Prevalence*

No abstract available.
Environmental Pollution* ; Soil*

No abstract available.
Aged* ; Surveys and Questionnaires* ; Dementia* ; Diagnosis* ; Humans ; Mass Screening*

The objectives of this study were to identify the determinants of the 1. Home visiting activities by FHWs, 2. Utilization of village Family Health Workers (FHWs) among housewives in, 3. Attitudes towards FHWs the Kang Wha Community, 4. Knowledge about FHW's activities among housewives in the KangWha Community Health Project area. This study was analyzed by using path analysis. Exogenous variables were 1. Distance between the housewives' houses and that of their local FHW, 2. Duration of work each FHW as FHW in her village, 3. Number of preschool children in the households. Endogenous variables were 1. Home visiting frequency to each household by FHW, 2. Knowledge abort FHW's activities, 3. Attitude towards FHWs by the housewives, 4. Utilization of FHW by the housewives. The results were as follows : The shorter the distnace between client's and FHW's house, the higher the number of preschool children in the household, and the longer their duration of work of FHW as FHW, the higher is the number of her household visits in a given time span. The more frequently the FHW visits a household and the higher the knowledge about FHW's activities in the household, the more positive is the attitude of the housewives to the FHW and the more frequently she visits and utilizes the FHW on her own initiative.
Child, Preschool ; Family Characteristics ; Family Health* ; House Calls ; Humans ; Korea*

Malignant MCA(middle cerebral artery) infarction is one of the leading cause of fatal stroke. It is usually caused by occlusion of the ipsilateral MCA or ICA(internal carotid artery). We report a 62-year-old man with posterior circulation stroke(distal basilar artery occlusion) which was later developed in malignant MCA infarction. MRI(magnetic resonance imaging) revealed high signal intensities in more than 2/3 of the right hemispheres and also in the bilateral thalamus, occipital cortices extending to the midbrain, pons and right SCA(superior cerebellar artery) territory of the cerebellum. Ipsilateral ICA and MCA of the infarcted hemisphere were not visible but ipsilateral PCA(posterior cerebral artery) seemed to be relatively prominent compared with the contralateral side in MR Angiography. From the pont of view of the initial pathologic brainstem sign and MR findings, we suggest that embolic occlusion of the distal basilar artery might be responsible for malignant right MCA infarction in this patient, from which the right PCA had dominantly supplied the most of the ipsilateral hemisphere.
Angiography ; Basilar Artery ; Brain Stem ; Cerebellum ; Humans ; Infarction* ; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery* ; Mesencephalon ; Middle Aged ; Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis ; Pons ; Stroke ; Thalamus

No abstract available.
Colon* ; Therapeutic Irrigation*

The vitreous body is a gel-like structure occupying a space of about 4 cc posterior to the intraocular lens and provides an optically clear medium for light transmission. It has a complex physical and chemical composition and structure consists primarily of water, collagen, and hyaluronic acid. Floaters are tiny dark specks that can be seen in the visual field, especially when looking at the blue sky, a white wall, or any other uninterrupted, light colored expanse. They are created from tiny clumps in the clear, jelly-like substance inside the eyeball. Floaters occur in different sizes and shapes. They may appear as little dots, threads, or hairy clumps. Floating specks are most commonly caused by the posterior vitreous detachment due to thickening and shrinkage of the vitreous, frequently starting in middle ages but can also be caused by blood or inflammatory cells. In most cases, floaters are normal and harmless. However, a sudden increase in number may indicate a damage to certain internal structures of the eye. Any case with an acute onset of floaters or flashing lights should be carefully examined for the vitreoretinal condition. It should be borne in mind that the peripheral retina and vitreous can be visualized only in a dilated pupil, with careful examination using binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy or contact lens biomicroscopy.
Collagen ; Hyaluronic Acid ; Lenses, Intraocular ; Ophthalmoscopy ; Pupil ; Retina ; Telescopes ; Visual Fields ; Vitreous Body ; Vitreous Detachment ; Water

No abstract available.
Dementia* ; Epidemiologic Studies*