Among all of the spontaneous TCH(intracerebral hemorrhage), the presence of IVH(intraventricular hemorrhage) is showing higher mortality and morbidity. Since the introduction of EVD(extraventricular drainage) and direct intraventricular infusion of Urokinase as a effective therapeutic methods of IVH, it's mortality and morbidity has been decreased. But, in cases of hemorrhage extended into all ventricular chambers showes poor prognosis even the EVD and infusion of Urokinase. Authors analyzed 40 cases of IVH treated with simple EVD or direct intraven-tricular infusion of Urokinase. The results were as follows: 1) The most common age groups of IVH patients were 5th and 6th decades and 22 patients were male, 18 patients were female. 2) All 15 cases of Urokinase treated group revealted over the 7 point of Graeb score. 3) On admission, Glasgow coma scale scores were under the 8 at the 11 cases(73%) of Urokinase treated group and 18 cases(72%) of simple EVD group. 4) Time of cleared ventricles showed fast at the Urokinase treated group than simple EVD group. 5) Incidence of complications were similar on both groups. 6) Prognosis revealed lower morbidity and mortality at the Urokinase treated group than simple EVD group. 7) In cases of high Graeb score and low Glasgow coma scale on admission showed poor prognosis in both groups.
Female ; Glasgow Coma Scale ; Hemorrhage* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infusions, Intraventricular ; Male ; Mortality ; Prognosis ; Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Clone Cells* ; Cloning, Organism* ; Mast Cells* ; Mice*

Diastematomyelia is an uncommon dysraphic condition in which the spinal cord is split, with or without a fibrous, cartilaginous, or bone septum. The septum usually occurs in the lower thoracic or lumbar regions. Most of the patients with this condition are children of less than the years old. The condition is much less common in adults. Congenital tumor associated with diastematomyelia is more uncommon finding. Now, authors report one case of diastematomyelia combined with intradural cystic teratoma who is eighteen years old female patient.
Adult ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Lumbosacral Region ; Neural Tube Defects* ; Spinal Cord ; Teratoma*

BACKGROUND: The purpose of our study was to evaluate the accuracy of reduction based on postoperative computed tomography (CT) images after arthroscopic stabilization using tightrope system for unstable distal clavicle fracture. METHODS: Twelve patients with distal clavicle fracture combined with coracoclavicular (CC) ligament injury (type II, V) who received arthroscopically assisted fixation using a flip button device were evaluated for accuracy of reduction using 3-dimensional postoperative CT scan by measuring the degree of distal clavicular angulation and clavicular shortening. RESULTS: Immediate postoperative plain radiograph confirmed restoration of the CC distance (CCD) in 10 patients. At final follow-up, the CCD remained reduced anatomically on plain radiographs in these patients. All patients showed excessive posterior angulation and shortening compared to the opposite side. The average Constant score recovered to 94.8 at final follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Indirect reduction and arthroscopic subacromial approach with flip button fixation of unstable distal clavicle fractures demonstrated favorable clinical results despite unavoidable posterior angulation of distal clavicle and shortening the total length of clavicle.
Arthroscopy ; Clavicle ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Ligaments ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Ankle arthrodesis has been regarded as a good operative treatment for post traumatic and rheumatoid arthritis of ankle, and ankle arthroplasty has been also developed with several types, from 1970, by Lord & Marotte. Ankle arthroplasty is more functional & less cosmetic troublesome than arthrodesis, and with more developed prosthesis design, more good result will come. The authors operated 6 cases of total ankle arthroplasty for posttraumatic and rheumatoid arthritis of ankle, which were also indications of arthrodesis, and introduce the results and operative problems of ankle arthroplasty.
Ankle ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Arthrodesis ; Arthroplasty ; Prosthesis Design

Cruciate paralysis, an unusual clinical entity, is "frequently undiagnosed or misunderstood", and can simulate the acute cervical central-cord injury syndrome. This rare injury pattern is characterized by weakness of upper extremities with little or no compromise of lower limb function following trauma to the superior cervical cord. The pattern of injury and clinical findings support selective damage to the corticospinal tract or upper motor neurons subserving upper limb function with the pyramidal decussation. Authors experience a case of curciate paralysis due to type 2 odontoid fracture and atlas dislocation.
Central Cord Syndrome ; Dislocations* ; Lower Extremity ; Motor Neurons ; Odontoid Process* ; Paralysis ; Pyramidal Tracts ; Upper Extremity

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) during pregnancy is a rare condition. Only a few cases have been reported in the literature. CAH patients has lower pregnancy rate compared to normal women. A 27-year-old nulliparous woman, a diagnosed case of 21-hydroxylase deficient simple virilising form of classic CAH visited. She got pregnant spontaneously without any trial of assisted reproductive technology. At the age of 12, she underwent clitoral resection and vaginoplasty. She took dexamethasone or prednisolone after operation. She delivered healthy singleton female baby by cesarean section. Four years later, she delivered healthy singleton female baby by repeat cesarean section. Two female babies have shown normal external genitalia. Here, we report a case of successful pregnancy and delivery in a patient with CAH.
Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital* ; Adult ; Cesarean Section ; Cesarean Section, Repeat ; Dexamethasone ; Female ; Fertility ; Genitalia ; Humans ; Prednisolone ; Pregnancy Rate ; Pregnancy* ; Reproductive Techniques, Assisted ; Steroid 21-Hydroxylase

Problems of birth defects and low birth weight are important issues of public health because most infant mortality are caused by these two. To discover the etiology of birth defects and low birth weight, it is necessary to establish epidemiological birth defects monitoring system in Korea. With the rapid growing of internet usage in korea, the computer network has become the popular means of communicating and sharing of information. Our aim was to develop web-based reporting and database management system in Incheon to establish birth defects monitoring system to evaluate the incidence rate and patterns of birth defects in Korea. Public health center and private hospitals and clinics participated in this monitoring system. Web based reporting system have been built and operated during 2 years (first year: December 1st, 1998-November. 31, 1999; second year: January 1st, 2000 - December 31th, 2000). Trained nurses actively collected the records obtained from delivery units in the participating hospitals. During first and second year, the incidence rate of birth defect per thousand person was 10.0 and 8.0 respectively. In conclusion, we could build web-based monitoring system for birth defects successfully in Yonsu gu, Incheon. It could be a model of national standard for population-based monitoring system for birth defects in Korea.
Congenital Abnormalities* ; Database Management Systems ; Hospitals, Private ; Humans ; Incheon* ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant Mortality ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Internet ; Korea ; Parturition* ; Public Health

STUDY DESIGN: Review of the literature. OBJECTIVES: To present updated information on percutaneous vertebral augmentation (PVA) for osteoporotic spinal fractures (OSFs). SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW: Vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty have been used to treat osteoporotic spinal fractures for many years. A recent meta-analysis provides strong evidence in favor of cement augmentation in the treatment of symptomatic vertebral compression fractures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Review of the relevant literature. RESULTS: A meta-analysis showed greater pain relief, functional recovery, and improvement in quality of life with cement augmentation compared with control subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Percutaneous vertebral augmentation of osteoporotic spinal fractures results in shorter hospital stays, reduced incidence of complications, and more rapid return of functional independence.
Fractures, Compression ; Incidence ; Kyphoplasty ; Length of Stay ; Quality of Life ; Spinal Fractures* ; Vertebroplasty

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of cheap tinted contact lenses on corneal swelling and ocular surface inflammation, compared to hydrogel and silicone hydrogel contact lenses. METHODS: Forty eyes of 20 New Zealand white rabbits were randomly assigned to 4 groups. Two types of tinted contact lenses, hydrogel lenses, and silicone hydrogel lenses were each applied to 10 rabbit eyes. Corneal thickness and tear lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity were measured at 1 and 4 days after contact lens wear, and the inflammation of ocular surface was scored at 4 days after contact lens wear. The internal surface of the cheap tinted lens was examined with a scanning electron microscope to compare the surface quality between the tinted and non-tinted area. RESULTS: Although the corneal swelling of the silicone hydrogel lens group was significantly lower than the other 3 lens groups after contact lens wear (p<0.01), the common hydrogel lens group was not different from the 2 tinted contact lens groups (p>0.1). Tear LDH activity at 1 and 4 days after contact lens wear showed no significant difference among the 4 groups (p>0.29). The scores of ocular surface inflammation in the 2 tinted contact lens groups were greater than the hydrogel and silicone hydrogel lens groups (p=0.03). The scanning electron microscope revealed the internal surface of the tinted area in the tinted contact lens was coarse and irregular though the surface of the non-tinted area was relatively smooth. CONCLUSIONS: Regarding corneal swelling and tear LDH activity, the cheap tinted contact lenses used in Korea were not significantly different from the common hydrogel contact lenses. However, tinted contact lenses showed a greater tendency to provoke ocular surface inflammation than other lenses. The coarse and irregular surface of the tinted area in the tinted contact lens appears to play a role in provoking severe ocular surface inflammation.
Contact Lenses ; Electrons ; Eye ; Hydrogel ; Inflammation ; Korea ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase ; Rabbits ; Silicones