Reduction malarplasty is one of the common aesthetic procedures performed in the Asia. Several surgical techniques for malar reduction have been reported. In reduction malarplasty, 'reposition of mobile malar complex to more cosmetically beneficial point' is more important than making flat malar complex. 'Fixation of bone on body and arch' is important for considering the action of attached masticating muscle to zygomatic bone. We have performed reduction malarplasty which consists of lateral orbital osteotomy and oblique osteotomy on zygomatic arch, reposition of mobile malar complex to more cosmetically beneficial point, and fixation of bone on body and arch with wires through bicoronal incisions over 700 patients from January, 1984 and through preauricular and intraoral incisions in 30 patients from December, 1997 to December, 2001. Preauricular and intraoral approaches can be indicated in most cases of mild to moderate prominence and malposition of malar complex, and bicoronal approach can be indicated in cases of severe prominence and malposition of malar complex and need of combined procedures such as face lift, frontal and orbital contouring. We have obtained satisfactory results with using reposition and fixation in reduction malarplasty.
Asia ; Humans ; Orbit ; Osteotomy ; Rhytidoplasty ; Zygoma

Regionalization of high-risk perinatal care has been advocated because intensive care for small and ill newborn infants lowers mortality and morbidity. This report is based on analysis of admissions to the Neonatal Intensive Care unit (NICU) at the Wonju christian Hospital during the 4-year period from January, 1988 to December, 1991. There were 786 inborn infants and 1155 outborn infants admitted to the NICU. The results of our study follow; 1) Mean gestational ages were 36.8 weeks in inborn infants and 39.0 weeks in outborn infants. Mean birth weight was 2.5kg in inborn and 3.0kg in outborn infants. 2) The high-risk maternal factors, such as cesarian section delivery, eclampsia, preeclampsia, multiple pregnancy and placental anomaly were significantly more frequent in inborn infants than in outborn infants. 3) Perinatal sphyxia, HMD and transient tachypnea of newborn (TTN) were more common in inborn than in outborn infants, but pneumonia, meconium aspiration syndrome, and seizure were more common in outborn infants. 4) The positivity of bacterial cultures in blood and urine was higher in outborn infants than in inborn infants. The most frequently isolated microorganism was staphylococcus species in both inborn and outborn infants. 5) Hospital days, duration of TPN, duration of mechanical ventilation, frequency of seizure, and frequency of transfusion were longer or more frequent in inborn than in outborn infants. 6) Mortality rate was higher in inborn infants than in outborn infants. 7) In outborn infants, mortality rate was higher in infants whose transporting time was longer than 2 hours than for infants within 2 hour distances. However, this difference was not statistically significant. 8) These findings suggest that many lower birth weight and severly ill infants were not transported to the NICU of Wonju Christian Hospital perhaps due to poor transport systems, distance or socio-economic status. In conclusion, the improvement of transporting systems and socio-economic conditions will be required within this region.
Birth Weight ; Eclampsia ; Female ; Gangwon-do ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant* ; Infant, Newborn ; Critical Care ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Meconium Aspiration Syndrome ; Mortality ; Perinatal Care ; Pneumonia ; Pre-Eclampsia ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Multiple ; Respiration, Artificial ; Seizures ; Staphylococcus ; Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn

No abstract available.
Drug Resistance, Microbial* ; Plasmids* ; Pneumonia*

No abstract available.
Citrobacter* ; Enterobacter*

No abstract available.
Spinal Cord Diseases*

No abstract available.
Escherichia coli* ; Escherichia*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the current status of studies related to the learning methods of biological nursing subjects in Korea. METHODS: Five databases (KoreaMed, KMbase, NDSL, KISS, KiSTi) and grey literature were searched prior to February 2018. A total 12 studies met the inclusion criteria including 11 articles and 1 proceeding. RESULTS: We included five experimental studies, five non-experimental studies, and two mixed method studies. First, most of the studies that applied a learning method focused on the subject of human anatomy and physiology; team-based learning was the method that was utilized the most. Second, the necessity of well-designed research was confirmed because the quality of included studies was low. Third, the research variables identified were mainly concentrated on the affective domain, and included satisfaction, motivation, self-efficacy, self-directed learning, confidence, attitude. We confirmed the need to develop a learning program that can also improve the cognitive and psychomotor domain variables in future research. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that further research should be conducted with consideration the domain of research variables evenly. In addition, future studies should apply various learning methods and included randomized controlled trials.
Humans ; Korea ; Learning ; Methods ; Motivation ; Nursing Research ; Nursing ; Physiology

No abstract available.
Primary Myelofibrosis* ; Xanthogranuloma, Juvenile*

PURPOSE: To assess the feasibility of ultrasound-guided intraarticular contrast injection using the posterior approach for MR arthrography. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between June 2002 and October 2004, 132 patients (29 female, 103 male: mean age, 33.6 years) underwent ultrasound-guided intraarticular contrast media injection (40 ml saline+10 ml 2% lidocaine(R)+0.2 ml gadopentetate dimeglumine+0.4 ml epinephrine(R) for MR arthrography. The patients were classified into four groups, viz. the no leakage group, the minor leakage with successful intraarticular injection group, the major leakage with unsuccessful intraarticular injection group, and the injection failure group. RESULTS: The "no leakage" and "minor leakage" groups were considered to be technical successes, while the "major leakage" and "injection failure" groups were regarded as technical failures. The technical success rate of ultrasound-guided intraarticular contrast injection using the posterior approach for MR Arthrography was 99.2% (131/132 patients) and one patient 0.7% (1/132 patients) was included in the "major leakage" group. CONCLUSION: Ultrasound-guided intraarticular contrast injection using the posterior approach for MR arthrography was feasible with a high success rate.
Arthrography* ; Contrast Media ; Female ; Humans ; Injections, Intra-Articular ; Male ; Shoulder Joint

A ICL TM(STAAR Collamer Posterior chamber Implantable Contact Lens) lents ranging from -11D to -21.3D. And then we investigated the visualwas implanted in 12 eyes of 7 patients with preoperative spherical equivalents ranging from -11 D to -21.3 D. And then we investigated the visual acuity, mean endothelial cell loss, change of refractive error and postoperative complications.Average follow-up was 28.1 months. In the immediate postoperative days, all eyes had a significant increase in uncorrected visual acuity and the best corrected visual acuity was improved in 7 eyes(58.3%). Mean percent difference between preoperative and postoperative endothelial cell count was 3.22+/-0.05% . The mean preoperative spherical equivalent refraction was -15.65+/-2.78 D. At a mean follow-up of 1 month, mean spherical equivalent refraction was -1.67+/-0.72D, at a 6months, 12 months, 24 months, mean spherical equivalent refraction was each -1.56+/-0.72D, -1.63+/-0.68D, -1.73+/-0.76D. During follow-up days one eye developed an faint anterior subcapsular cataract but the patient remained symptom free. Other reported complication was transient increased intraocular pressure. Although the follow-up in our study was limited cases(12 eyes), from our experience, the posterior chamber implantable contact lens was efficacious and safe in the correction of high myopic refraction errors.
Cataract ; Endothelial Cells ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Lenses, Intraocular* ; Refractive Errors ; Refractive Surgical Procedures ; Visual Acuity