OBJECTIVES: Chondroradionecrosis (CRN) of the larynx is a rare but fatal complication of radiotherapy. We determined the optimal diagnostic methodology and management of laryngeal CRN in six patients. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the records of six patients with Chandler grade IV laryngeal CRN who had received prior radiotherapy (mean total radiation dose, 66.7+/-4.5 Gy) at a tertiary care hospital. Two patients underwent transoral laser microresection of their laryngeal carcinoma plus postoperative radiotherapy. All patients underwent endoscopy, computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET), removal of necrotic tissue, biopsy under suspension laryngoscopy, administration of antibiotics, and hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO). Their diagnostic and therapeutic results were assessed. RESULTS: CT showed CRN of the anterior larynx in three patients and CRN of the posterior larynx in three patients, with one patient having a false-positive result on PET. HBO consisted of a mean of 36+/-6 dives. After early debridement and HBO, five patients showed CRN improvement, but one had aggravation and subsequently underwent total laryngectomy. None of these patients showed local tumor recurrence on pathologic examination or during a mean follow-up of 24 months. CONCLUSION: Although CRN of the larynx may be detected by endoscopic and imaging work-ups, detection may require pathologic examination. Early debridement and HBO may effectively treat CRN, saving the functional larynx.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Biopsy ; Debridement ; Endoscopy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hyperbaric Oxygenation ; Laryngectomy ; Laryngoscopy ; Larynx ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Tertiary Healthcare

Boerhaave's syndrome is spontaneous transmural perforation of the esophagus, which occurs most often after forceful vomiting or retching. This commonly occurs in the lower third of the esophagus but spontaneous perforation of the pharynx or cervical esophagus is extremely rare. This case presented a 20-yr-old healthy man with spontaneous pharyngeal perforation after forceful vomiting who had no history of instrumentation, cervical trauma, or having eaten anything sharp. Cervical pain and crepitus were the early symptom and sign of pharyngeal perforation and the rupture was detected on gastrografin swallow and CT examinations. The rupture site was higher than the upper esophageal sphincter, differing from Boerhaave's syndrome. The patient was conservatively managed without significant morbidity and mortality. Although this may resolve without surgical intervention, the pharyngeal rupture should receive early detection and clinical attention for preventing potential morbidity by late diagnosis.
Delayed Diagnosis ; Diatrizoate Meglumine ; Esophageal Perforation ; Esophageal Sphincter, Upper ; Esophagus ; Humans ; Mediastinal Diseases ; Neck Pain ; Pharynx ; Rupture ; Vomiting

Organ preservation strategy in treatment of the head and neck cancer (HNC) has led to an increase in the use of primary chemoradiation in both laryngeal and extralaryngeal sites for recent two decades. Primary non-surgical chemoradiotherpay has replaced the traditional gold standard of surgery followed by postoperative radiation with saving the organ and no compromising oncological outcomes. In accompany with wide clinical extension of primary chemoradiation, organ preservation surgery through open transcervical or transoral route has been increasingly used in the patients with HNC at both primary and salvage settings. Minimally invasive transoral approach using lasers or robots has been more spotlighted as a sensible strategy for organ preservation of the HNC patients. There is, however, a paucity of randomized controlled clinical trial data comparing primary organ-preserving chemoradiation to organ preservation surgery. Future direction leads to conduct well-designed clinical trials to establish the functional and oncological benefits of the organ preservation surgery. This article reviews the role of organ preservation surgery in head and neck cancer.
Head ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; Humans ; Microsurgery ; Organ Preservation ; Robotics

Three cases of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea and anterior skull base defects were successfully treated by applying mucoperichondrial free graft through the endonasal endoscopic technique. The causes of the skull base defects were trauma in two cases and endoscopic sinus surgery in one case. The defects were located in the sphenoid sinus in one case and the fovea ethmoidalis in two cases. In these cases, contralateral side septal mucoperichondrial free grafts were used to seal the defects and were supported with fibrin glue and Spongostan(R). Endoscopic repair with mucoperichondrial free graft appeared to be a safe and successful approach to the treatment of the anterior skull base defects.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea* ; Cerebrospinal Fluid* ; Fibrin Tissue Adhesive ; Skull Base ; Sphenoid Sinus ; Transplants*

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Thyroid Gland*

Giant fibrovascular polyps are very rare benign esophageal lesions arising in the cervical esophagus. We present a case of a 70-year old man with a history of dysphagia. On esophagogram and computed tomogram, a large, sausage-like polyp (7.0 cm in greatest dimension) was identified in the cervical esophagus. Surgical resection of the polyp was successfully performed. Histologically, the polyp was composed of a mixture of highly vascularized fibrous tissue and benign adipose tissue. The fibrous tissue was loosely and densely collagenized and the surface was covered by squamous epithelium. The lesion was diagnosed as a giant fibrovascular polyp and the patient has shown no evidence of recurrence for 8 months after surgery.
Adipose Tissue ; Aged ; Collagen ; Deglutition Disorders ; Epithelium ; Esophagus* ; Humans ; Polyps* ; Recurrence

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Adenoid cystic carcinoma of salivary glands has distinct characteristics of indolent but persistent growth, late onset of metastasis and eventual death of patients. We performed this study to find parameters affecting the recurrence and survival of patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma in salivary glands. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: A retrospective study was done on 55 patients who underwent surgery between 1990 and 2006. We analyzed the effect of patient's factors, characteristics of tumor and treatment modalities to local recurrence, distant metastasis and survival. RESULTS: There were 20 males and 35 females, with the median age of 50.2 years. The mean follow-up duration after treatment was 70.9 months. Patients who received surgery alone were 12 (22%), with radiation therapy were 34 (62%) and with concurrent chemoradiation therapy were 9 (16%). There were 7 patients who had local recurrence alone, 8 who had distant metastasis alone and 3 who had local recurrence with distant metastasis. There was no correlation between the above parameters and local recurrence. Distant metastasis was influenced by old age (p=0.018), lymph node involvement (p=0.005) and treatment with concurrent chemoradiation therapy (p<0.001). Eight patients died during the follow up period. Five-year overall survival rate was 88.2% and the disease-free survival was 72.9%. The multivariate analysis found that only lymph node involvement was associated with survival (p=0.043). CONCLUSION: Lymph node involvement was predictive of poor prognosis in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma. Therefore, it is necessary to establish highly sensitive diagnostic tools with which surgeons can find lymph node involvement.
Adenoids ; Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic ; Disease-Free Survival ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Male ; Multivariate Analysis ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prognosis ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Salivary Glands ; Survival Rate

Plasmacytoma is a rare malignancy characterized by a monoclonal proliferation of plasma cells, and is generally classified into a solitary plasmacytoma of bone and extramedullary plasmacytoma. Extramedullary plasmacytoma of the head and neck usually involves submucosal tissues in the nasopharynx and paranasal sinuses. The hypopharyneal involvement of the tumor, however, is very uncommon. We report a case of hypopharyngeal plasmacytoma treated by chemoradiation therapy with a review of literature.
Head ; Hypopharynx* ; Nasopharynx ; Neck ; Paranasal Sinuses ; Plasma Cells ; Plasmacytoma*

Intraductal papilloma that arises from the salivary gland is an extremely rare benign tumor and mostly affects the minor salivary gland. We have experienced a case of an intraductal papilloma arising from the sublingual salivary gland in a 51-year-old woman. The radiologic finding shows an unicystic mass having solid portion. The tumor was completely excised transorally. The histologic findings are papillary proliferation of two uniform layers of columnar epithelial and flat basal cells supported by a fibrovascular core. The clinicopathologic features of this tumor is presented with a review of literature.
Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Papilloma, Intraductal* ; Salivary Glands* ; Salivary Glands, Minor ; Sublingual Gland

Synovial sarcomas are rarely occurring, highly malignant tumors of mesenchymal origin. Most cases are confined to the extremities. Fewer than 100 cases of synovial sarcoma have been reported in the head and neck area. We experienced a 24-year-old male patient who first complained of globus sensation. Initial suspension laryngoscopic biopsy specimen of the primary lesion was consistent with hypopharyngeal synovial sarcoma. Surgical excision through lateral pharyngotomy approach and postoperative radiotherapy were performed. We report this rare case with a literature review.
Biopsy ; Extremities ; Head ; Humans ; Hypopharynx* ; Male ; Neck ; Radiotherapy ; Sarcoma, Synovial* ; Sensation ; Young Adult