We studied 600 normal lower extremities of Korean students of elementary school in order to establish normal values for the rotational profile and to define any differences between ethnic groups. Rotational profile examined at this study included medial and lateral rotation of the hip and thighfoot angle. The mean value of medial rotation of the hip was 48 degrees with a range of 35 to 64 degrees in male subjects, and 50 degrees with a range of 35 to 60 degrees in female subjects. The mean value of lateral rotation of the hip was 57 degrees with a range of 43 to 75 degrees, and 53 degrees with a range of 40 to 72 degrees in female subjects. Unlike medial rotation, lateral rotation of the hip was greater in male than in female subjects by a mean difference of 4 degrees(T-test, p<0.05). The mean value of thigh-foot angle was 10 degrees with a range of -2 to 23 degrees in male subjects, and 12 degrees with a range of 0 to 21 degrees in female subjects. The total range of hip rotation was slightly greater in Korean than in Caucasians or in Chinese, but, to conclude this, more large study by the same methods will be needed in other areas of Korea.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Ethnic Groups ; Female ; Hip ; Humans ; Korea ; Lower Extremity* ; Male ; Reference Values

Malposition of the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) venous cannula in the azygos vein is not frequently reported. We hereby present such a case, which occurred in a neonate with right-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Despite ECMO application, neither adequate flow nor sufficient oxygenation was achieved. On the cross-table lateral chest radiograph, the cannula tip was identified posterior to the heart silhouette, which implied malposition of the cannula in the azygos vein. After repositioning the cannula, the target flow and oxygenation were successfully achieved. When sufficient venous flow is not achieved, as in our case, clinicians should be alerted so they can identify the cannula tip location on lateral chest radiograph and confirm whether malposition in the azygos vein is the cause of the ineffective ECMO.
Azygos Vein* ; Catheters* ; Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation* ; Heart ; Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Oxygen ; Radiography, Thoracic

Chronic mucocutaneous randidiasis is a clinical syndrome characte ized by chronic and reccurent superficial candidal infection of the skin, mucous membranes, and nails. This syndrome is frequently associated with immune deficiency or endocrinopathy, especially hypopar; thyroidism. We report a case of chrcinic mucocutaneous candidiasis associated with hypoparathyroidism in a 8- year-old girl.
Candidiasis ; Candidiasis, Chronic Mucocutaneous* ; Female ; Humans ; Hypoparathyroidism* ; Mucous Membrane ; Skin ; Thyroid Gland

In the extremity surgery, pneumatic tourniquet and povidone-iodine solution are commonly used to provide an aseptic, bloodless field, and their complication rate has remained low. However, chemical burn under tourniquet has been rarely reported. Patients sustained burn injuries over the dependent, weight-bearing regions such as posterior neck, back, buttocks and posterior thighs. This rare adverse complication occurred in a 22-year-old man who underwent modified Brostrom operation with arthroscopic os trigonum excision. 10% povidone-iodine was used as topical antiseptic, and full thickness burn occurred underneath the area of tourniquet application. Main causes of povidone-iodine related chemical burn are considered maceration, irritation of the skin, long term use of the tourniquet and pressure. To reduce the complications like chemical burn, awareness of the risk and the possible pathogenesis as well as the preventive measures is important in surgical practice.
Burns ; Burns, Chemical ; Buttocks ; Extremities ; Humans ; Neck ; Povidone-Iodine ; Skin ; Talus ; Thigh ; Tourniquets ; Weight-Bearing ; Young Adult

An antrochoanal polyp is a solitary polypoid mass that arises from the maxillary sinus, and protrudes through the natural ostium into the middle meatus, and reaches the choana, The polyp does not differ histologically from an ordinary nasal polyp, which is composed of edematous, hyperplastic submucosal connective tissue stroma, and is relatively hypocellular, In this sequence of events. Its computed tomographic(CT)findings are characteristic. We retrospectively analyzed CT studies of nine cases, all of which showed similar CT findings; a solitary, homogeneous, hypodense mass without bony destruction that extends from the maxillary sinus through the widened ostium into the choana.
Connective Tissue ; Maxillary Sinus ; Nasal Polyps ; Polyps* ; Retrospective Studies

Although the mechanism of the development of hypertension has not been fully elucidated, abnormal ion transport across the cardiovascular musle membrance may play some role in this mechanism. The elevation of intraceular sodium by inhibition of the Na(+), K(+)-ATPase diminshes the sodium gradient for calcium extrusion and/or increase Na(+)/Ca(++) exchange across the cell membrance. In any event, contractility and vascular tone of cardiovascular system can be incresed as reslut of an increase of intracellular calcium. Recently it is reported that the defects of Na(+), K(+)-ATPase occur in spontaneously hypertensive rat(SHR) hearts, compared to control normotensive Spargue Dawley(SD) rat hearts. However, one missing, unresolved question arose in the previous reports in whether the reduced Na(+)-pump activity in the heart of SHR is associated with the development of hypertension itself in these animals or is a consequence of inhertied pathological features that later reslut in a reduced pump activity. In order to clearify this question it is attempted to measured to measure the change of the Na(+), K(+)-ATPase activities in cardiac sarcolemma purified from both the normotensive SD rats and SHR rats during growth ; Simultaneously the charge of cation concentration in both intracellular space(RBC) and extracelluar space(ECF) are measured to the erythrocyte test(Garay and Meyer) applied to the clinical investiation of hypertension. The results obtained are summarized as follows ; 1) The systolic blood pressure of 7 week old SHR was 120-130mmHg, which was not significantly different from that of the age-matched SD rats. However, the blood pressure was elevated to 160-170mmHg in 13-15 week old SHR, even elevated to 190mmHg in one of 19 week old SHR. On the other hand, SHR, in which hypertension was well established had pronounced cardiac hypertrophy. 2) The Na(+), K(+)-ATPase activities in cardiac sarcolemma of the SHR rats were decreased gradually as hypertension established.The decrease of Na(+), K(+)-ATPase was well associated with the increase of intracellular potassium concentration.By contrast, thr Na(+), K(+)-ATPase activities and cation transports og the normotensive SD rats were not significanlty chaged during growth. 3) The charges of Na(+), K(+)-ATPase activities in SHR were specific because the activities of Ca(++)-ATPase which is one of the membrance bound enzyme were not changed during growth appeared to be a major fator which generated hypertension in SHR rats. However, question on how the Na(+), K(+)-ATPase activities are decreased and which event is initiative between reduction of Na(+), K(+)-ATPase and development of hypertension are still remained unclear. Recent literature suggests the there might be a genetic factor, so-called Na(+)-pump inhibitor, involved in the meachanism.
Animals ; Blood Pressure ; Calcium ; Cardiomegaly ; Cardiovascular System ; Erythrocytes ; Hand ; Heart ; Hypertension ; Ion Transport ; Potassium ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred SHR* ; Sarcolemma ; Sodium

No abstract available.

This experiment was performed to investigate the response of inorganic substances in alveolar bone in relation to the experimental tooth movement. Right canine in maxillary jaw was tipped in cats by coil springs generating 80 gm. force, in mandibular jaw, the force was 100 gm. force. Cats were divided into five groups and orthodontically treated for one hour, 1, 7, 14 and 28 days, respectively. Alveolar bone samples were obtained from tension and compression sites as well as from contralateral control sites. The level of calcium of alveolar bone was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and inorganic phosphorus was measured by spectrophotometry. The results obtained were-as follows: 1. In tension and compression site of maxillary alveolar bone, calcium levels were decreased at 1, 7 and 14 days, but recovered at 28 days. 2. The levels of inorganic phosphorus in compression site of maxillary alveolar bone had little change but in tension site of maxillary alveolar bone,, phosphorous levels were decreased. 3. Calcium levels in tension and compression site of mandibular alveolar bone were decreased, especially at 28 days. 4. In tension and compression site of mandibular alveolar bone, inorganic phosphorus were slightly decreased from I day.
Animals ; Calcium* ; Cats* ; Jaw ; Phosphorus ; Spectrophotometry ; Spectrophotometry, Atomic ; Tooth Movement

The changes of higher-order aberrations (HOAs) after bilateral lateral rectus muscle recession were evaluated. Forty eyes of 20 children were enrolled and their wavefront information was assessed until postoperative 3 months. Even though the root mean square (RMS) of total aberration was not changed, the RMS of HOA was transiently increased at postoperative 1 week and returned to baseline level after 1 month. Among individual Zernike coefficient, secondary astigmatism, quadrafoil, secondary coma, secondary trefoil, and pentafoil showed similar tendency with the RMS of HOA. However, coma, trefoil, and spherical aberration were not changed. Regarding recession amount, it did not correlate with any Zernike coefficient. In summary, our data imply that the HOAs are transiently increased after lateral rectus recession surgery. These results are in collusion with previous reports that strabismus surgery induced transient corneal astigmatism.
Adolescent ; Astigmatism/*etiology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Exotropia/*surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Postoperative Care ; *Postoperative Complications/epidemiology/pathology ; Vision Tests

Percutaneous catheter drainage of pancreatic pseudocyst is an effective and safe method of treatment. Various approaches to the pseudocyst have been used. We experienced one case of successful treatment of pancreatic pseudocyst with percutaneous catheter drainage through the kidney without complication.
Catheters* ; Drainage* ; Kidney* ; Pancreatic Pseudocyst*