The managements of fractures of femoral shaft in children differ in many ways from those in adults. Fourty eight cases of fractures of femoral shaft in children who were treated at Masan Korea General Hospital from March 1981 to February 1984 were analyzed both clinically and radiologically and the following results were obtained. l. Among 48 cases, the ratio of male and female was about 2.7:1 and the highest incidence was between the age of 3 and 8 years(52.1%). 2. The main cause of fracture was traffic accident(66.7%) and the other was falling or slip down injury. 3. Middle 1/3 of femoral shaft was most commonly injured(45.8%) and transverse type was common (41.7 %). 4. The common associated injuries were head injuries, fracture of the lower extremities and fracture of pelvis. 5. 43 cases were treated with traction method and 5 with open reduction and internal fixation. 6. In general, angulation at fracture site was under 10 degrees and no clinical deformity was resulted in. 7. Among 48 cases, overring of fractured fragment was occured in 28 cases and the average length of overring was 7.5mm.
Accidental Falls ; Adult ; Child ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Female ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Lower Extremity ; Male ; Methods ; Pelvis ; Traction

No abstract available.
Muscle, Smooth* ; Relaxation*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Killer Cells, Natural* ; Mice*

BACKGROUND: Diabetic ketoacidosis(DKA) is serious acute metabolic complication and the most important cause of high morbidity and mortality of diabetes. The object of this study is to examine the clinical characteristics of patients with DKA who had a prior history of diabetes or not. METHOD: Authors reviewed retrospectively the medical records of 49 cases adimitted to Kyungpook National University Hospital from January 1991 to June 1997 with a diagnosis of DKA and classified cases as type I, type II and newly diagnosed diabetics according to prior history of diabetes. RESULTS: 1. Of 49 cases of DKA, 24(49%) were classified as type I, 17(35%) as type II from data available in the medical records, and 8(16%) had DKA as the initial manifestation of the disease. 2. The male to female ratio was 0.5 : 1 in type I, 1.1 : 1 in type II and 1.7 : 1 in newly diagnosed diabetics, and the mean age was 24.4 in type I, 57.9 in type II and 23.9 years old in newly diagnosed diabetics. 3. The mean duration between initial diagnosis of diabetes and the occurrence of DKA was 2.6 in type I and 6.9 years in type II diabetes. The occurrence of DKA within 2 years of initial diagnosis of diabetes was 54% in type I and 18% in type II diabetes, but the occurrence of DKA after 5 years of initial diagnosis of diabetes was 17% in type I and 47% in type II diabetes. 4. The precipitating factors of DKA were identified in 88% in type I, 76% in type II and 38% in newly diagnosed diabetics, and the most common precipitating factor was omission of treatment in both type I and type II(type I: 56%, type II: 35%). 5. The altered mental status was correlated with increased osmolality (p<0.05), but not with other laboratory values such as pH, bicabonate, glucose, anion gap and dehydration status(p>0.05). CONCLUSION: It is necessary to conduct early aggressive evaluation for early diagnosis and proper treatment of DKA, because DKA occurs in patients with prior history of type II diabetes and without prior diabetic history as well as patients with prior history of type I diabetes.
Acid-Base Equilibrium ; Dehydration ; Diagnosis ; Early Diagnosis ; Female ; Glucose ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Male ; Medical Records ; Mortality ; Osmolar Concentration ; Precipitating Factors ; Retrospective Studies

Culture of human peripheral T lymphocytes with irnmobilized anti-CD3 rnAb plus IL-2 resulted in a marked proliferation and the enhancing IL-2Ra mRNA expression. The process of the T cell activation involves a series of biochemical events which ultimately lead to the proliferation and IL-2Ra mRNA expression. Although the above results have been observed, the celluar signal mechanisms between the proliferative response and the IL-2Ra mRNA expression through T cell receptor and IL-2 receptor remains unresolved. In the present study, We have used genistein (the selective PTK inhibitor) or chronic PMA treatment (depletion of intracelluar PKC activity), to investigate the role of PTK or PKC both in a synergistic proliferation and in the enhancing IL-2Ra mRNA expression by IL-2/anti-CD3. Genistein (30 ug/ml) completely blocked IL-2 induced T cell proliferation, and inhibited anti-CD3 induced T cell proliferation (93.4%). But genistein downregulated the IL-2Ra mRNA expression by IL-2, anti-CD3 and IL-2/anti-CD3. The chronic PMA treatment failed to inhibit the proliferation and the IL-2R#u mRNA expression by IL-2 alone. But PKC depleted T cells stimulated with anti-CD3 mAb showed the decrease of the proliferation (68.6%) and IL-2Ra mRNA expression. In activated with IL-2/anti- CD3, the proliferative response showed a half of reduction, but the IL-2Ra mRNA expression were not regulated. These results demonstrate that proliferative response to IL-2 appears to be dependent on PTKs activity and independent of PKC involvement, but the IL-2Ra mRNA expression may be required another signals. PTKs and PKC activity may be important in TCR/CD3 signaling. But IL-2/anti-CD3 are coupled up different signal transduction pathways responsible for the synergistic T cell proliferation and the enhancing IL-2Ru mRNA expression.
Cell Proliferation ; Genistein ; Humans ; Interleukin-2* ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell ; Receptors, Interleukin-2 ; RNA, Messenger* ; Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes

No abstract available.
Animals ; Mice*

There are considerable discrepacies between clinical symptoms and imaging diagnosis in the localization of the responsible radiculopathy. The purposes of this study are to analyzed the dynamic alteration of contrast filling of the spinal nerve sleeves during positional changes and to determine how the abnormalities of nerve sleeves no lateral bending A-P views correlate with sciatica. The criteria indicationg the root abnormality in functional myelography were (1) bad filling of ipsilateral root to sciatica and (2) good filling of contralateral root compared with those in neutral A-P view. Of total 77 patients, 67 had radiculopathy and 10 had no radiculopathy. In 23 (34.3%) of 67 patients with radiculopathy and 6 (60%) of 10 patients with no radiculopathy, their clinical symptoms well correlated with conventional myelographic findings. However, in 35 (52.2%) of 67 patients with radiculopathy and 6(60%) of 10 patients with no radiculopathy, their symptoms well correlated with functional myelographic findings. This study suggests that the functional myelogaphy using both lateral bending A-P views can be used as a complementary tool in the evaluation of the radiculopathy.
Diagnosis ; Humans ; Myelography* ; Radiculopathy* ; Sciatica ; Spinal Nerves

Fungal infection has been observed with increasing frequency in recent years because the use of combinations of broad spectrum antibiotics, immunosuppressive agents, and antineoplastic agents is increasing and the survival rate of premature baby is increasing. We experienced a 3 month old male infant with anuria due to bilateral ureteropelvic fungus balls. He was born at 31 weeks gestation period and had been treated with broad spectrum antibiotics for 5 weeks after birth. We removed fungus balls surgically and made nephrostomy bilaterally. And then irrigation of amphotericn B through nephrostomy and systemic amphotercin B injection had performed for 3 weeks. Thereafter fungus balls completely disappeared.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Antineoplastic Agents ; Anuria* ; Fungi* ; Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; Infant* ; Male ; Parturition ; Pregnancy ; Survival Rate

Local contributing factors in penile erection are trabecular smooth muscle, endothelium, trabecular fibroelastic components, tunica albuginea and local neuro-control. There are three neuroeffector systems in local neuro-control for penile erection. One is adrenergic system causing contraction and the others are cholinergic and noncholinergic nonadrenergic system causing relaxation of corpus cavernosum under normoxia. The effect of these systems under hypoxic condition however is not fully understood. The aims of this study were to detect the pharmacophysiological changes of corporal smooth muscle about 3 local neuroeffector systems under hypoxia in the rabbit and to apply the results of study to the management of the priapism. The strips of rabbit corporal tissues were studied for isometric tension measurement under normoxia, hypoxia and cooling condition in the organ chambers. Influence of NL- monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA) and L-arginine to acetylcholine under normoxia and effects of phenylephrine, norepinephrine, acetylcholine, VIP, endothelin 1, papaverine and KCI on the rabbit corpus cavernosal tissue were monitored under normoxia and hypoxia and changes under cooling condition were observed. Relaxing effect of acetylcholine under normoxia was suppressed with L-NMMA and this suppression was reversed with L-arginine. Relaxation with acetylcholine and contraction with endothelin 1 were suppressed under hypoxic condition. Contracting effect of norepinephrine and phenylephrine was stronger under hypoxia or cooling condition than normoxia or 37 degrees C condition respectively. Relaxing effect of VIP and papaverine on corpus cavernosa was similar under normoxia or hypoxia. These results suggest that endothelium-dependent relaxation by cholinergic and noncholinergic nonadrenergic system and endothelium-dependent contraction by endothelin 1 are suppressed under hypoxic condition. VIP related noncholinergic nonadrenergic relaxation and direct relaxation effect of papaverine to corporal smooth muscle are preserved under hypoxia. Application of adrenergics and local irrigation with cold saline would be effective in the management of priapism.
Acetylcholine ; Adrenergic Agents ; Anoxia* ; Arginine ; Endothelin-1 ; Endothelium ; Male ; Muscle, Smooth ; Norepinephrine ; omega-N-Methylarginine ; Papaverine ; Penile Erection ; Phenylephrine ; Priapism ; Relaxation

Transcatheter arterial embolization was applied in 7 cases of hepatic disease including hemobilia of various causes and malignant tumors at Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital during recent several years. The embolic materials were autologous blood clot and Gelfoam particle. Successful control of bleeding or devascularization of tumor vessel was made in 6 of the 7 patients. There was no serious complications; however, post embolization syndrome was found including pain, fever, nausea and vomiting in all cases and subsided after a few days. Transcatheter hepatic arterial embolization is suggested to be a safe and effective treatment in control of hemobilia and devascularization of malignant hepatic tumors.
Fever ; Gelatin Sponge, Absorbable ; Hemobilia ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Nausea ; Seoul ; Vomiting