OBJECTIVE: Duchenne muscular dystrophy(DMD) is a X-linked recessive disease and results from mutation in the dystrophin gene. In this study, we evaluate the efficacy of polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism in prenatal genetic diagnosis of DMD. METHODS: DNA was isolated from DMD family's blood and fetal amniocyte and used to perform PCR-RFLP. In DMD family(3 cases), linkage analysis was tried with 5 RFLP probes. RESULTS: DMDs of the family A had mutiple exon deletions(6, 8, 12, 13, 17). The mother was a heterozygote of pERT84;MaeIII. The male fetus had a same allele and also same exon deletions with the affected males. The pregnancy was terminated at IUP 18 gestational weeks. Pregnant woman of the family B was heterozygote of both pERT84;MaeIII and pERT87-15;BamHI, and pregnant woman of the family C was of pERT84;MaeIII. The both male fetuses , as compared with the affected male of each family, had a different allele. Thus, the fetuses were probably not affected with a confidence level of 95%. CONCLUSIONS: Prenatal diagnosis in prevention of DMD is most important. PCR-RFLP analysis in DMD family is rapid and useful diagnostic tool.
Alleles ; Diagnosis ; DNA ; Dystrophin ; Exons ; Female ; Fetus ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Male ; Mothers ; Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Pregnancy ; Pregnant Women ; Prenatal Diagnosis*

No abstract available.
Hemorrhage*

No abstract available.
Hemorrhage*

We compared the results of phacoemulsification, intraocular lens(IOL) insertion, and trabeculectomy with mitomycin(MMC) in patients receiving either 3.2mm or 5.5mm incision. Our study revealed that the surgicalresults were comparable between the 3.2 and 5.5mm incision groups in terms of number of glaucoma medicatins, intraocular pressure(IOP) control, visual acuity except visual recovery in early period. The 3.2mm incision group showed stastically significant advantage in early visual recovery than the comparison group(P<0.05, Wilcox rank test). The incidence of anterior capsular opacity was significantly higher in 3.2mm incision group, requiring YAG capsulectomy for better vision than in 5.5mm group. This study suggests that both 3.2 and 5.5mm incision glaucoma triple procedures combined with Mitomycin C(MMC) may provide excellent postoperative IOP control and visual recovery without significant complication I intermediate follow-up period.
Follow-Up Studies ; Glaucoma ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lenses, Intraocular* ; Mitomycin* ; Phacoemulsification* ; Trabeculectomy* ; Visual Acuity

The aims of this study were to investigate the present status of skeletal maturation and to compare body composition parameters on the basis of the levels of skeletal maturity in boys aged 9 ~12 years. The subjects participated consisted of 258 elementary school boys. Anthropometric characteristics included body weight, height, sitting height, bone widths, circumferences, and skinfold thicknesses. Skeletal maturation was assessed by the Tanner -Whitehouse II method. Skeletal age was determined by RUS scores (radius, ulna, and short bones). Body composition variables were evaluated by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA Model 310). Means and standard deviations were calculated by descriptive statistics. To compare body composition variables among skeletal maturity groups one -way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied and Duncan's a posteriori tests. The results showed that RUS scores varied from 298.2 for 9 years to 482.6 for 12 years. TW2 -20 scores were 569.2 for 9 years, 628.8 for 10 years, 701.8 for 11 years, and 814.5 for 12 years. Skeletal ages were 9.7 for 9 years, 10.5 for 10 years, 11.7 for 11 years, and 13.6 for 12 years. It indicates that chronological age was lower than skeletal age in all age groups. Although no significant difference was found in 12 years for body composition according to the levels of skeletal maturity, in general advanced boys had higher body composition variables than retarded boys. In 9 years there were significant differences (p 0.05) among skeletal maturity groups for body mass index, WHR, and WTR. Also, differences were found in 10 years for percent body fat, fat -free mass, and body mass index. In 11 years advanced children (40.4 kg) have statistically significant (p 0.05) higher fat -free mass than retarded children (32.2 kg).
Adipose Tissue ; Body Composition* ; Body Mass Index ; Body Weight ; Child ; Electric Impedance ; Humans ; Skinfold Thickness ; Ulna

No abstract available.
Catheters*

PURPOSE: We investigated the association between dietary intake of citrus fruits and breast cancer risk. METHODS: The PubMed and EMBASE were searched for relevant articles on diet and breast cancer up to January 2012. All of the epidemiological studies that assessed dietary intake of citrus fruits and presented risk estimates of the association between citrus fruits intake and risk of breast cancer were reviewed. Multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (OR) and associated 95% confidence intervals (CI) for highest versus lowest intake of dietary citrus fruits level were extracted. Overall summary OR was calculated by using a fixed-effect meta-analysis. RESULTS: Six case-control studies out of five articles were eligible. Overall summary OR showed a 10% reduction in risk of breast cancer associated with high intake of citrus fruits (summary OR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.85-0.96; p<0.001); results were consistent across the studies (I 2=0). Visual inspection of the results did not suggest a publication bias. CONCLUSION: Pooled results from observational studies showed an inverse association between citrus fruits intake and the risk of breast cancer.
Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Case-Control Studies ; Citrus ; Diet ; Odds Ratio ; Publications

Hemorrhagic radiation proctitis is infrequently seen in patients receiving pelvic irradiation. The treatment of hemorrhagic ralation proctitis is often difficult. Many patients need reyeated hospitalizations and blood transfusions. Occasionally patiets will develop severe or recurrent rectal bleeding. In case of massive bleeding requiring excessive transfusion, colonic diversion by construction of a colostomy or excision of the diseased segment may be inevitable. However, surgical procedures in these patients are associated with a high mortality and morbidity. Moreover, medical therapy is usually ineffective. Recently formalin therapy has been introduced as a simple and effective treatment for hemorrhagic radiation proctitis. We experienced a 69 year-old woman patient who developed severe homorrhagic proctitis 1 year after radiotherapy for carcinoma of the cervix. She had not improved by conservative management and required blood tranafusions and repetitive hospitalizations. After local application of a 4% formalin solution in the diseased rectum under caudal anesthesia, the bleeding immediately stopped and the patient was discharged from the hospital, and no recurrence has been observed until now.
Aged ; Anesthesia, Caudal ; Blood Transfusion ; Cervix Uteri ; Colon ; Colostomy ; Female ; Formaldehyde* ; Hemorrhage ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Mortality ; Proctitis* ; Radiotherapy ; Rectum ; Recurrence

PURPOSE: We aimed to know the prevalence of abnormal meniscal signal on MR imaging in asymptomatic soccer players and its radiologic significance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using T1 and gradient echo T2* weighted sagittal and coronal MR image, 48 knees in twenty-four full time soccer players were evaluated for the meniscal abnormalities, the status of ligament and existance of joint effusion. Meniscal abnormalities were interpretated using grading system of Lotysch. By using Chi-square method, We analyzed the existance of joint effusion could divide the healing state and healed state of the meniscus. RESULTS: The prevalence of Grade 2 and more and Grade 3 were 42% and 39% of asymptomatic knees. In the 24 knees with meniscus tear, nine of the 14 asymptomatic knee showed effusion while eight of the 10 symptomatic knee did. Of 24 knees with meniscal tear, only eleven knees were related to previous history of major knee trauma. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of meniscal abnormalities on MR imaging in asymptomatic soccer players was higher(grade 3:39%) than we expected. The joint effusion was not helpful to divide the healing state and healed state of the meniscus. So we suggest baseline MR imaging in the athletes who have been using the knee vigorously could give decisive information for the interpretation of subsequent MRI that may be performed when the players wounded.
Athletes ; Humans ; Joints ; Knee ; Ligaments ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Prevalence* ; Soccer* ; Wounds and Injuries

BACKGROUND: Post-Herpetic Neuralgia(PHN) is the most common and serious complication of herpes zoster(H-Z). Especially in the elderly, intractable chronic pain is caused by PHN and it affects the quality of life severely. The study examined the predictive factors of PHN for its prevention and treatment. METHODS: 691 cases of patients with herpes zoster who visited department of dermatology were studied of Kwang Ju Christian Hospital during the five years from Jan. 1991 to Dec. 1995 Retrospective chart review was used to compare occurrence of PHN according to age, sex, residential area of patients, inpatients or outpatients status, nerve dermatome, interval of treatment, methods of treatment associated conditions and duration of PHN. The authors compared the incidence of patients with PHN and patients with H-Z according to above variables. For statistical analysis, we used Chi-square and t-test through SPSS/PC+ (P<0.05). RESULTS: The incidence of PHN was 22.9% (159/691) and increased with age. The incidence of patients under 60 years of age was 16.5%, more than 60 was 30.7% (P<0.05). There was no statistical significance concerning sex, residential area of patients, dermatome, method of treatment, associated conditions in the incidence of PHN compared to patients with H-Z. The significant difference In the incidence of PHN was shown between inpatients and outpatients status(20.5%, 27.3% respectively) (P<0.05). Anatomical site of PHN of the highest incidence was the opthalmic branch of trigeminal nerve(27.1%), followed by cervical(26.0%), thoracic(24.4%) and sacral(22.2%) in order of sequence. Associated conditions or diseases of PHN were observed in 80 patients(24.7%) including hypertension(39.5%), tuberculosis(39.3%), malignancy (34.5%), COPD(33.3%), Chronic hepatitis(22.7%), DM(15.4%). The interval between the onset of H-Z and the initiation of treatment showed that significant difference in the incidence of PHN was on the fourth day with less than and more than 4 days showing 18.5% : 25.1% respectively(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The important factors affecting the incidence of PHN were interval between the onset of H-Z and the initiation of treatment age and inpatients or outpatients status. The methods of treatment(acyclovir or steroid), sex, residential area of patients, associated conditions and nerve distribution were not significant factors.
Aged ; Chronic Pain ; Dermatology ; Gwangju ; Herpes Zoster* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Inpatients ; Neuralgia* ; Outpatients ; Quality of Life ; Retrospective Studies