On the whole, the major impetus for the institutionalization of public hygiene in Korea came from two directions. On one hand, the self-enlightened intellectuals had introduced a variety of Western ideas and theories on public hygiene since the mid-eighteenth century. On the other hand, Japan strongly influenced the modern systems of Korean health care and medical education, especially through Japanese efforts at the sanitary control of infectious diseases such as smallpox and cholera. The institutionalization of Korea's public hygiene in this period corresponded not to the high ideas of the progressive intellectuals but to the larger social and institutional changes caused by the major political events. Ideas of public hygiene were institutionalized as a powerful strategy of linking the imperial capital and colonial domains.
Colonialism/*history ; History of Medicine, 19th Cent. ; History of Medicine, 20th Cent. ; Japan ; Korea ; Politics ; Public Health/*history ; Sanitation/*history ; Western World

BACKGROUND: Statistical errors have been noted in a large percentage of articles appearing in medical journals. Their incidence in the Annals of Dermatology and the Korean Journal of Dermatology, however, has not been studied. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of statistical methods in the Annals of Dermatology and the Korean Journal of Dermatology. METHOD: Original papers using the t test in the Annals of Dermatology(AD) and in the Korean Journal of Dermatology(KJD) from January 1990 to July 1994 were analyzed for correctness of statistical methods. RESULTS: Of the 376 original papers in the period considered, 78(20.7%) presented t tests and 43(55.1%) of these also contained some errors. Of the 9 papers from the Annals of Dermatology, 4(44.4%) included at least one error. Of the 69 papers from the Korean Journal of Dermatology, 39(56.5%) included at least one error. CONCLUSION: Misuse of statistical methodology may not be uncommon in the two Korean Dermatology journals, and it would be prudent to give more attention to statistical methodology.
Dermatology* ; Incidence ; Methods

PURPOSE: To report the efficacy of toric orthokeratology lenses in a patient with corneal astigmatism within 1.5 D having difficulty wearing spherical orthokeratology lenses because of limbus-to-limbus corneal astigmatism. CASE SUMMARY: An 11-year-old boy who wanted to wear orthokeratology lenses had a refractive error of -4.75 D sph = -1.00 D cyl 180 in the right eye and -4.50 D sph = -1.25 D cyl 180 in the left eye. The corneal astigmatism was 1.19 D and 1.19 D, respectively, and limbus-to-limbus corneal astigmatism was observed in topography. After wearing spherical orthokeratology lenses, the patient complained of monocular diplopia and both lenses were found to be displaced nasally. Toric orthokeratology lenses were prescribed for centration of lenses and resulted in significant improvement of uncorrected visual acuity of 20/20, refractive error of +0.75 D sph = -0.50 D cyl 170 in the right eye and +0.50 D sph = -0.50 D cyl 160 in the left eye, and centration of lenses for the 12-month follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: Toric orthokeratology lenses should be considered if spherical orthokeratology lenses are not effective even in patients having less than 1.5 D of corneal astigmatism because of limbus-to-limbus corneal astigmatism.
Astigmatism ; Diplopia ; Eye ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Refractive Errors ; Visual Acuity

No abstract available.
Child* ; Hepatitis* ; Humans

Pityriasis rotunda is an uncommon chronic dermatosis characterized by multiple, round or oval, hyperpigmented or hypopigmented patches that have a fine scale on the trunk and extremities. Most of the cases reported predominantly occurred in Oriental and black patients in association with internal disease. However, in Caucasians it has been documented in healthy persons usually as a familial tendency. We report a case of pityriasis rotunda which showed familial occurrence and had no underlying disease.
Extremities ; Humans ; Pityriasis* ; Skin Diseases

No abstract available.
Nephrotic Syndrome* ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets* ; T-Lymphocytes*

No abstract available.
Diploidy* ; Humans* ; Measles* ; Mumps* ; Rubella Vaccine* ; Rubella*

Eighty-eight patients who presented with a variety of head and neck symptoms were examined with intravenous oritraarterial digital subtraction angiography (IV or IA DSA), using the DSA equipment developed by Seoul NationalUniversity Hospital. A grading system was used to evaluate the ability of DSA to answer specific diagnsoticquestions. Diagnostic information without need of further study was obtained in 71% with IV DSA, in 86% withaortic arch DSA and in 81% with selective arterial DSA, showing a total of 79% of diagnostic accuracy with DSA. Itis concluded that IV DSA is useful in the evaluation of the cervical carotid and vertebral arterial disease, andpituitary mass lesion, while IA DSA is useful in the evaluation of the cervical carotid and vertebral arterialdisease, and pituitary mass lesion, while IA DSA is useful in the evaluation of most of the intracranial lesions,spinal arteriography and intra-arterial embolization. DSA is both an accurate and safe imaging modality in thestudy of head and neck diseases.
Angiography ; Angiography, Digital Subtraction ; Head ; Humans ; Neck ; Seoul

Carpometacarpal dislocations occur in less thsn 1% of osseous hand injuries. Sine Dec. 1987, two cases of multiple carpometacarpal dislocations were treated at Hanyang University Hospital. All of these were successfully treated by closed reduction and percutaneous pinning with K-wires. Follow-up periods were 6 months and 5 months respectively. All patients were asymptomstic, but one patient had occasional discomfort and diminished grip strength.
Carpometacarpal Joints ; Dislocations ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hand Injuries ; Hand Strength ; Humans

The clinical study was performed to 28 patients with the pericardiac effusion who were admitted in Busan university Hospital and Paik Hospital, In-Je Medical College, Busan, korea during March 1976 and July 1981. The results were as following; 1) 12 cases(42.9%) of total 28 pericardiac effusion occured in 3rd decade, 8(28.5%) in 2nd decade and 5 cases(17.9%) in 4th decade. Sex distribution showed male to female 2.5:1. 2) With etiological distribution there were 15 cases(53.6%) tuberculous, 5(17.9%) nonspecific, 3(10.7%) malignant, 2(7.1%) pyogenic, 2 traumatic and 1(3.6%) rheumatic. 3) On admission 28 cases(100%) complained of dyspnea, 24(85.7%) distant heart sound, 20(71.4%) each engorged jugular vein and edema, 18(64.3%) each cough and abdominal fullness, 17(60.7%) each sputum and chest discomfort and pain, 12(42.9%) fever, 11(39.1%) orthopnea, 10(35.7%) chilling, 7(25%) oliguria, 4(14.6%) palpitation and 3(17.2%) headache. Increased cardiac dullness was observed in 26 cases(71.4%), hepatomegaly 18(64.3%), pulmonary rales 17(60.7%), ascites 13(46.1%), fever 12(42.9%), pericardiac friction rub 10(35.7%), splenomegaly 7(25%), paradoxical pulse 6(21.4%) and jaundice 2(7.1%). 4) On amission SGOT and SGPT level was increased each in 15(53.6%) and 13(46.7%), TTT and CCF abnormal in 10(35.7%), and 8(28.5%), serum NPN, BUN, creatinine increased in each 10(35.7%), 11(39.1%), 8(28.5%), WBC increased in 6(21.4%), RBC decreased in 8(28.5%) and ESR increased in 16(57.1%). 5) Characteristics of pericardiac effusion showed hemorrhagic 17(60.7%), serosangeous 6(21.4%), sangeous 3(17.2%) and pyogenic 2 cases(7.1%). 6) The ECG on admission revealed low voltage in 25(89.1%), depressed ST segment in 13(46.1%) and inverted T wave in 12(42.9%). 7) Chest X-ray showing cardiomegaly 28(100%), pleural effusion in 20(71.4%), and pulmonary congestion in 16(57.1%). 8) The m mode and 2-D Echocardiogram showed echo free space in 28 cases and after pericardiocentesis the space was reduced or disappeared. 9) 19 cases of 28(67.5%) were improved clinically, while 5 cases(17.9%) were not improved and 4 cases(14.6%) died.
Alanine Transaminase ; Ascites ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; Busan ; Cardiomegaly ; Cough ; Creatinine ; Dyspnea ; Edema ; Electrocardiography ; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) ; Female ; Fever ; Friction ; Headache ; Heart Sounds ; Hepatomegaly ; Humans ; Jaundice ; Jugular Veins ; Korea ; Male ; Oliguria ; Pericardiocentesis ; Pleural Effusion ; Respiratory Sounds ; Sex Distribution ; Splenomegaly ; Sputum ; Thorax