OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences in patients with positional dependent sleep apnea according to their non-supine apnea-hypopnea index (AHI, > or =5 vs. <5). METHODS: 92 patients with positional sleep apnea were evaluated. The patients were divided into two groups : group I was non-supine AHI having > or =5 ; group II was non-supine AHI having less than 5. Statistical analysis was performed to find the difference between two groups. RESULTS: In 92 patients, the number of group I patients was 11 (12%) and the number of group II patients was 81 (88%). In the severe AHI group, percentage of group I was dominated (70%) and showing a significant difference compared with the mild and moderate AHI groups (p<.05). In the severe body mass index (BMI) group, percentage of group I was dominated (54.5%) and showing a significant difference compared with of the mild and moderate BMI groups (p<.05). The percentage of group I was significantly higher than group II (p<.05) in the AHI, supine AHI, non-supine AHI and snore time. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with positional sleep apnea, severe OSA and high BMI are more common in patients with non-supine AHI> or =5 than non-supine AHI<5.
Body Mass Index ; Humans ; Sleep Apnea Syndromes ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive

No abstract available.
Hair ; Survival Rate ; Transplants

PURPOSE: Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNA) and Frozen section biopsy (FS) have been used to distinguish benign lesions from malignancies and for deciding the extent of operative procedures to be used in the management of thyroid nodules. We performed this study in order to determine the diagnostic value of FNA, the need for FS in intraoperative procedures, and their value in deciding the extent of surgery. METHODS: The medical records of 365 consecutive patients who had undergone surgery for thyroid nodules at the Department of Surgery, Hanyang University Hospital, between Jan. 1996 and Dec. 1998 were reviewed retrospectively. Both FNA and FS were performed on all patients who underwent thyroid surgery during this period. Among these, 35 patients who were diagnosed as insufficient for diagnosis by FNA were excluded. RESULTS: Definitive histopathological diagnosis revealed benign lesions in 232 patients and malignancies in 98. A borderline group consisted of patients whose specimens were interpreted as follicular neoplasms by FNA and FS. The overall results for FNA and FS were as follows: sensitivity, 98 versus 100; specificity 97 versus 99; and diagnostic accuracy, 97 versus 99%. Five patients who were diagnosed with benign lesions by FNA were rediagnosed by FS as having malignant lesions. The final diagnosis was papillary carcinoma. Of the 45 patients who were interpreted borderline by FNA, 7 patients had benign lesions and 38 were borderline by FS. Finally, 34 patients were diagnosed as having benign lesions and 11 as having malignancies. CONCLUSION: FNA has a high diagnostic accuracy for the differential diagnosis of thyroid nodules. FS may be unnecessary for patients whose FNA results indicate malignancy, particularly in cases of papillary carcinoma, therefore the routine use of FS for patients who have been diagnosed as having a papillary carcinoma by FNA may be omitted. If FNA results are borderline, FS may be helpful in confirming a follicular neoplasm. If FNA indicates a benign status, FS seems to be necessary to decide the extent of surgery.
Biopsy ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle* ; Carcinoma, Papillary ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Frozen Sections ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Retrospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Surgical Procedures, Operative ; Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroid Nodule*

Dermoid cysts develop from sequestration of epithelium along lines of embryonic fusion.The most common locations are the lateral third of the eyebrows, nose, and scalp. These cysts are located in the subcutis; they are often adherent to periosteum, and may invade or erode underlying bane. A 34-year-old female presented with a solitary, skin colored, dome-shaped, child fistsized, subcutaneous mass on her right occiput. At operation, keratinous material was discharged and tufts of hair projected from opening of the cyst wall.The base of the cyst was firmly adherent to periosteum and diffuse depression with focal deep erosions of the outer table of skull was found.
Adult ; Child ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 ; Depression ; Dermoid Cyst* ; Epithelium ; Eyebrows ; Female ; Hair ; Humans ; Nose ; Periosteum ; Scalp ; Skin ; Skull*

BACKGROUND: During normal wound healing the formation of scars and fibrous tissue occurs, which consists largely of collagen fibril, but excessive fibrosis and scar formation become clinical problems. Collagen remodelling during scar formation is dependent on both continued collagen synthesis and collagen catabolism. Halofuginone, a plant alkaloid, is known to inhibit collagen type I synthesis at the transcriptional level. OBJECTIVE: The purposes of this study were to investigate the effects of topical application of halofuginone on the healing of wounds. METHOD: Topical solutions containing halofuginone of variable concentrations were applied on the full-thickness excisional wounds of hairless mice and 0.1% halofuginone ointments applied on the suture site of rats and the normal skin of hairless mice daily. In addition, we performed a one-time intradermal injection of 0.1% halofuginone solution on the normal skin of the hairless mice. We examined the collagen content of the skin of hairless mice and rats treated with halofuginone solutions and ointments during the healing process by performing hematoxylin-eosin and Masson's trichrome stains. We assessed, from time to time, the change in the full-thickness excisional wound size of hairless mice treated with halofuginone solutions of variable concentrations during the healing process and observed clinically the healing process of hairless mice with the full-thickness excisional wound. RESULT: 1. The wound size after daily application of 0.001% and 0.1% halofuginone solutions on the full-thickness excisional wounds of hairless mice decreased more slowly in comparison with the control group (p < 0.05).
Animals ; Cicatrix ; Collagen ; Collagen Type I ; Coloring Agents ; Fibrosis ; Injections, Intradermal ; Metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Hairless ; Ointments ; Plants ; Rats ; Skin ; Sutures ; Wound Healing* ; Wounds and Injuries*

No abstract available.

PURPOSE: Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNA) and frozen section biopsy (FS) have been used for the purpose of distinguishing benign lesions from malignancies and for deciding the operative procedures to be used in the management of the thyroid nodules. We performed this study the diagnostic value of the FNA, the need for the FS in intraoperative procedures, and to determine their values in deciding the extent of surgery. METHODS: The medical records of 365 consecutive patients who had undergone surgery for thyroid nodules at the Department of Surgery, Hanyang University Hospital, between Jan. 1996 and Dec. 1998 were reviewed retrospectively. FNA and FS were performed on all patients who underwent thyroid surgery during this period. Among them, 35 patients who were diagnosed as insufficient for diagnosis by FNA were excluded. RESULTS: Definitive histopathological diagnosis revealed benign lesions in 232 patients and malignancies in 98. A borderline group consisted of patients whose specimen were interpreted as follicular neoplasms by FNA and FS. Overall results for FNA and FS were: sensitivity, 98 versus 100; specificity, 97 versus 99; diagnostic accuracy, 97 versus 99%. Five patients who were diagnosed with benign lesions by FNA were rediagnosed by FS as having malignant lesions. The tinal diagnosis was a papillary carcinoma. Of the 45 patients who were interpreted borderline by FNA, 7 patients had benign lesions, and 38 were borderline by FS. Finally, 34 patients were diagnosed as having benign lesions and 11 as having malignancies. CONCLUSION: FNA has a high diagnostic accuracy for differentiatve diagnosis in the thyroid nodules. FS may be unnecessary for patients whose FNA results indicate malignancy especially papillary carcinoma, so routine use of FS for patients who were diagnosed as having a papillary carcinoma by FNA may be omitted. If FNA results are borderline, FS may be helpful to confirm a follicular neoplasm. If FNA indicates benign, FS seems to be necessary to decide the extent of surgery.
Biopsy ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle* ; Carcinoma, Papillary ; Diagnosis ; Frozen Sections ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Retrospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Surgical Procedures, Operative ; Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroid Nodule*

Acquired port-wine stain is rare. It mimics a congenital port-wine stain morphologically but the pattern of onset is acquired after birth. It represents a progressive ectasia of vessels located in the superficial vascular plexus. The exact mechanism is unknown but some reported cases have occurred after trauma. We herein report five cases of acquired port-wine stains and they were idiopathic in nature.
Dilatation, Pathologic ; Parturition ; Port-Wine Stain*

No abstract available.

Benign solitary osteochondroma are the most common benign bone tumor, and often arise in the long bone of the extremities about 80% of lesions, particulary about the knee and the upper extremity. In rare cases, the spine is involved. We describe a case in which a solitary sacral osteochondroma compressed the lumbosacral plexus, producing sensory disturbance. The tumor was removed through the anterior midline approach. The excised mass was round, lobulated, measuring 7. 5cm×6cm, pedunculated type and the cartilage cap is complete and is 4mm in thickness.
Cartilage ; Extremities ; Knee ; Lumbosacral Plexus ; Osteochondroma ; Sacrum ; Spine ; Upper Extremity