No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Humans

The posterior cruciate ligament has been considered the basic stabilizer which performs important functions because of its location and orientation within the knee joint. Therefore, failure to recognize or to repair its tear results in a poorly functioning knee. An isolated injury to the posterior cruciate ligament is believed to be unconmon and is seen most commonly in association with other ligamentous injury and dislocation of the knee joint. But recently its injuries are of frequent occurrence because of increasing traffic accident and sports activities as football, soccer, and skiing. The authors experienced 12 cases of isolated posterior cruciate ligament injury from March, 1978 to February, 1982 at the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Capital Arrned Forces General Hospital and the results were as follows: 1. The most common cause of injury was passenger traffic accident (5 cases) and followed by soccer (4 cases), football (2 cases), and skiing (1 case). 2. There were 3 causative mechanisms by which the posterior cruciate ligament was injured; anteroposterior force on the front of the knee joint (5 cases), hyperextension of the knee joint (4 cases), and posteriorly directed rotatory force (3 cases). 3. Tears of the posterior cruciate ligament occured at its tibial attachment (5 cases), with avulsion of a bone fragment at its tibial attachment (3 cases), at its femoral attachment (2 cases), and its mid-portion (1 case). 4. The major findings in this injury included giving-way or instability on walking, abrasion or contusion over the anterior proximal tibial surface, presence of a posterior drawer sign, sagging of the tibia, bloody effusion, and X-ray evidence of avulsion fracture. 5. One case was treated conservatively and 11 cases surgically using screw fixation and direct or pull through suture through a posterior S-shaped incision (5 cases), medial parapatellar and posterior S-shaped incision (3 cases), and medial hockey-stick incision (3 cases) and were immobilized in a long leg cast with 30 to 45 degrees of the knee flexion for 6 to 7 weeks. 6. The results evaluated by Apleys method were excellent in 8 cases; good in 2 cases, and fair in 2 cases.
Accidents, Traffic ; Clinical Study ; Contusions ; Dislocations ; Football ; Hospitals, General ; Knee Joint ; Knee ; Leg ; Ligaments ; Methods ; Posterior Cruciate Ligament ; Skiing ; Soccer ; Sports ; Sutures ; Tears ; Tibia ; Walking

No abstract available.
Linguistics*

BACKGROUND: Whether the changes of risk factors (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, alcohol) can precipitate stroke remains unknown, and antecedent infection and psychologic stress are described insufficiently as predisposing risk factors for cerebral infarction. Therefore, we attempted to examine the roles of recent infection, psychologic stress, and the changes of risk factors as potential precipitants in each stroke subtypes. We also tested the temporal relationship between preceding exposure to coldness and stroke onset. METHODS: In this case-control study, 113 consecutive patients with acute cerebrovascular disease (38 small vessel disease, 43 large vessel disease, 11 cardiogenic infarction, 4 infarction of undetermined cause, and 17 intracerebral hemorrhage) and 23 control subjects were evaluated. Changes of the risk factors (and their management) were interviewed. A sign/symptom based questionnaire was used to characterize the prevalence of recent prior infection and exposure to coldness. Psychologic stress was measured with the use of Social Readjustment Rating Scale. RESULTS: The negative change of alcohol drinking was significantly higher in the stroke group. However, there was no significant difference between stroke and control groups in the changes of the other risk factors. The prevalence of previous (within 1 month) infection was significantly higher in the stroke group compared with control subjects (p=0.03). However, there were no significant differences among the stroke subtypes in the prevalence of infection(p=0.08). Upper respiratory tract infections constituted the most common type of infection. The exposure to coldness was significantly higher in the stroke group compared with control subjects (p=0.002). The level of stress within the prior 1 month/1 year was significantly higher in the stroke group than control group (p=0.01). CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that preceding infection, exposure to coldness, psychologic stress, and the negative change of alcohol drinking may be com.
Alcohol Drinking ; Case-Control Studies ; Cerebral Infarction ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Humans ; Infarction ; Prevalence ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; Risk Factors* ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Stress, Psychological* ; Stroke*

No abstract available.
Facial Nerve* ; Fetus*

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Hepatitis B Surface Antigens* ; Hospitals, General*

The effect of spinal anesthesia with hyperbaric bupivacaine with and without 1: 1000 epinephrine were studied in 35 patients. Patients in group A received 0.4% hyperbaric bypivacaine 20 mg and patients in group B received the same anesthetic, only 0.2 mg of epinephrine was mixed to it. The following results were obtained. 1) The highest level of sensory loss was similar in both groups. 2) The duration of sensory loss was significantly longer in group B(391+/-12.9 vs 289+/-18.8min, p<0.05) The duration of motor block was also significantly longer in group B than group A(254 +/-13.7 vs 17l+/-4.4 min). 3) The systolic blood pressure significantly decreased at 20-40 minutes after spinal anesthesia in both groups. 4) The pulse rate in group A significantly increased at 2-10 minutes after spinal anesthesia and in group B, it decreased significantly at 45-50 minutes after spinal anesthesia.
Anesthesia, Spinal* ; Blood Pressure ; Bupivacaine* ; Epinephrine* ; Heart Rate ; Humans

Dermoid cysts develop from sequestration of epithelium along lines of embryonic fusion.The most common locations are the lateral third of the eyebrows, nose, and scalp. These cysts are located in the subcutis; they are often adherent to periosteum, and may invade or erode underlying bane. A 34-year-old female presented with a solitary, skin colored, dome-shaped, child fistsized, subcutaneous mass on her right occiput. At operation, keratinous material was discharged and tufts of hair projected from opening of the cyst wall.The base of the cyst was firmly adherent to periosteum and diffuse depression with focal deep erosions of the outer table of skull was found.
Adult ; Child ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 ; Depression ; Dermoid Cyst* ; Epithelium ; Eyebrows ; Female ; Hair ; Humans ; Nose ; Periosteum ; Scalp ; Skin ; Skull*