No abstract available.
Urinary Tract Infections* ; Urinary Tract*

PURPOSE: It has been known that there are several areas of T2 hyperintensities in normal white matter of brain, such as terminal zones of myelination, ependymitis granularis, ones of posterior internal capsule, and perivascular space. The aim of our study is to demonstrate another region of T2 hyperintensities in normal pediatric age group. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We have studied brain MR for 10 normal volunteers and 35 patients without having intracranial lesions in pediatric age group(3-19 years). RESULTS: In 5 among 45 cases, focal T2 hyperintensities were seen in the parietal periventricular white matter beneath the postcentral gyri. They were noted as poorly defined, 5--10mm sized areas of increased signal intensities on T2 weighted axial images. They were also characterized by bilateral, posteromedially oriented, short band-like or oval areas. Interestingly, they were directly continuous with the T2 hyperintensity of posterior internal capsule. In spite of the relatively high frequency in the pediatric population as in our study, this finding has not been reported in the asymptomatic adults. CONCLUSION: The results show that the bilateral anterior parietal hyperintense areas may be another terminal zones of delayed myelination affecting the parietopontine tract. They should be differentiated from pathologic T2 hyperintensities by their characteristic findings.
Adult ; Brain ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Internal Capsule ; Myelin Sheath ; Rabeprazole*

No abstract available.
Muscle, Smooth* ; Relaxation*

C-erbB-2 oncoprotein has been known to act as growth factor receptor responsible for the regulation of cellular growth, proliferation and differentiation and has been demonstrated in a number of cancers by immunohistochemical as well as matrix blotting techniques. Breast and ovarian cancer patients, whose tumor cells have amplification or overexpression of this oncoprotein, have been suggested to have worse prognosis. Yet, there are only a few studies on c-erbB-2 oncoprotein expression in transitional cell carcinoma(TCC) of the bladder. The aim of this study was to examine c-erbB-2 oncoprotein expression in bladder cancer to assess its potential as a useful prognostic marker in transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Deparaffinized tumor specimens from 42 patients with TCC of the bladder and 3 normal bladder tissue specimens were utilized. C-erbB-2 oncoprotein expression was detected by immunohistochemical analysis and then correlated with conventional prognostic variables such as histologic tumor grade, stage and DNA ploidy. In addition, we related the expression of c-erbB-2 oncoprotein to indicators of cellular proliferative activities such as proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA), mean number of silver nucleolar organizer regions(AgNORs) per nucleus, flow cytometric S-phase fraction(CPF) and proliferation index(PI). The incidence of c-erbB-2 oncoprotein expression in Ash grade IV TCC of bladder was higher than that in Ash grade II and III (Chi-square test, p<0.05). The incidence of positive immunoreaction was higher in cases with muscle invasion and metastasis than in superficial tumors with statistical significance(p<0.05). In addition, statistical significant correlation was noted between c-erbB-2 oncoprotein expression and PCNA expression rate. But there were no significant differences in c-erbB-2 oncoprotein expression to DNA ploidy, PI nor SPF by flow cytometry and mean number of AgNORs per nucleus. The results of this study suggests that the c-erbB-2 oncoprotein together with other predictive parameters may serve to provide a phenotypic profile which permits more accurate forecasting of bladder cancer behavior and may prove to be useful in the future as an important guide to specific anti-tumor therapy.
Breast ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell* ; DNA* ; Flow Cytometry ; Forecasting ; Humans ; Incidence ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Nucleolus Organizer Region* ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; Ploidies* ; Prognosis ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen* ; Silver ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; Urinary Bladder*

The varicocele may cause a male infertility and mild subjective symptoms such as heavy sensation, dragging pain over the ipsilateral scrotum. One of the therapeutic method of the varicocele is a high ligation of internal spermatic vein of affected side. We have performed the venography of internal spermatic vein during operation in 10 cases to detect the collateral circulation from January 1980 to June 1981. The following results were obtained. 1. The venograms of internal spermatic vein showed left to right anastomosis prepubically in 1 case. anastomosis of left internal spermatic vein with ductus deferens vein in 2 cases and no anastomosis in 7 cases. 2. After high ligation of internal spermatic vein, the clinical symptoms and size of varicocele decreased within 3 days in 4 cases and within 7 days in another 4 cases postoperatively, however no decrease noted in 2 cases until 3 months to 12 months postoperatively, This 2 cases showed anastomosis with ductus deferens vein. 3. Preoperative semen analysis revealed oligospermia 5 cases, asthenospermia in 2 cases and low percentage of normal form of sperm in 4 cases. Postoperative semen analysis showed increase of sperm count in 4 cases of which had been oligospermia, slight improvement noted in 1 case of asthenospermia and in 3 cases of low normospermia. 4. 2 cases In which the spermatic vein was anastomosed with left ducts deferens vein seemed to b associated with obstruction of left common iliac vein.
Collateral Circulation ; Iliac Vein ; Infertility, Male ; Ligation ; Male ; Oligospermia ; Phlebography* ; Scrotum ; Semen Analysis ; Sensation ; Sperm Count ; Spermatozoa ; Varicocele* ; Vas Deferens ; Veins

The term endometriosis refers to ectopic endometriume. It most often involves the pelvic organs, including ovaries, broad and round ligaments, fallopian tubes, cervix, vagina and the pouch of Douglas. We report a case of vesical endometriosis in a 4- year old female patient and review literature. Segmental resection of this mass with involved bladder resulted in cure and this lesion was confirmed histologically as endometriosis of the bladder.
Cervix Uteri ; Endometriosis* ; Endometrium ; Fallopian Tubes ; Female ; Humans ; Ovary ; Round Ligament of Uterus ; Urinary Bladder ; Vagina

A clinical observation was undertaken on 7 cases of epididymal tuberculosis mimicking the symptoms and signs of acute epididymitis and 24 cases of all tuberculous epididymitis which were seen during the period from September 1983 to July 1987. The results obtained were as follows. 1. A total of 7 cases of epididymal tuberculosis mimicking the symptoms and signs of acute epididymitis corresponds to 29% of epididymal tuberculosis(24 cases). 2. The highest occurrence was observed in the age of 30 to 39(5 cases). 3. Lateralization showed 5 cases in the right, 2 cases in the left and none in both. 4. Presenting symptoms and signs were painful scrotal swelling in all 7 cases, fever 4 cases, tender epididymal nodule 4 cases and local heating 2 cases but beading of vas and scrotal fistula was not found. 5. In urine examination, pyuria was observed in 5 cases, hematuria in 1 case and no tubercle bacilli was observed. 6. Among 7 cases, we observed that epididymal tuberculosis were associated with pulmonary tuberculosis, active or inactive, in 5 cases and renal tuberculosis in 1 case.
Epididymitis* ; Fever ; Fistula ; Heating ; Hematuria ; Hot Temperature ; Male ; Pyuria ; Tuberculosis* ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary ; Tuberculosis, Renal

Functional voiding disorder is characterized by symptoms referable to the genitourinary organs without organic obstruction or neurovesical dysfunction. In an attempt to understand possible mechanisms of symptoms of functional voiding disorder in young male adult, we retrospectively reviewed the urodynamic findings of 51 men with functional voiding disorder between the ages of 19 and 51 (mean 40.7 years). Presenting symptoms are divided into three groups: 1) Sx. of irritation(irritation group) in 17 patients; 2) Sx. of bladder outlet obstruction(BOO group) in 25 patients; 3) Sx. of bladder outlet obstruction with episodes of overdistention (overdistention group) in 9 patients. On filling cystometry, time of first filling sense and urge sense was delayed significantly in overdistention group and involuntary contraction was found in 5 patients with BOO(20%), in 3 patients with irritation(18%), and in 1 patients with episodes of overdistention. In overdistention group, maximal voiding detrusor pressure was significantly lower and amount of postvoiding residual urine was significantly larger than other two group on pressure/flow study. Total voiding time and time to maximal uroflow rate were delayed significantly in BOO and overdistention group. Pseudo detrusor-sphincter-dyssynergia was found in 3 patients among 25 patients with BOO. Therefore, we were able to find correlations between specific symptomatic group and urodynamic parameters by this result. Results of urodynamic assessment were divided into 5 categories: Impaired detrusor contractility(IDC), detrusor instability(DI), obstruction, sensory urge syndrome, and equivocal studies. DI was found in 20% of patients with irritation or BOO. IDC was found in 80% of patients with episodes of overdistention and in 24% of patients with BOO. Thorough care is necessary in determining the treatment modality, and in follow up evaluation for patients showing IDC, DI or obstruction on urodynamic study. Conclusively, urodynamic study is thought to afford the opportunity in identifying these specific voiding disorder.
Adult ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction ; Urodynamics* ; Young Adult*

Fifty cases of acute uncomplicated urinary tract infection were selected and 3.0gm of Carfecillin was given for one day in two doses. The clinical and bacteriological results were compared with the results of 32 cases of the urinary tract infection who was given 200 mg of Doxycycline daily for 7 days. Of 50 patients receiving Carfecillin only 23 cases were sensitive to Carfecillin though 32 patients receiving Doxycycline were all sensitive to Doxycycline on prior to treatment urine culture. Carfecillin was effective in 34 cases among 38 cases of cystitis while Doxycycline was effective in 12 cases among 21 cases of cystitis. In 7 out of 12 cases of pyelonephritis Carfecillin was effective, while Doxycycline was effective in 9 out of 11 cases. Among 23 cases which were sensitive to Carfecillin, Carfecillin single day treatment was effective in 13 out of 17 cases of cystitis and 4 out of 6 cases of pyelonephritis. Both Carfecillin and Doxycycline showed good efficacy to E-coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella, Streptococcus and Enterobacter. A single day treatment of Carfecillin was as effective as a conventional treatment of Doxycycline for the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections.
Carfecillin* ; Cystitis ; Doxycycline ; Enterobacter ; Humans ; Klebsiella ; Pyelonephritis ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Streptococcus ; Urinary Tract Infections* ; Urinary Tract*

Local contributing factors in penile erection are trabecular smooth muscle, endothelium, trabecular fibroelastic components, tunica albuginea and local neuro-control. There are three neuroeffector systems in local neuro-control for penile erection. One is adrenergic system causing contraction and the others are cholinergic and noncholinergic nonadrenergic system causing relaxation of corpus cavernosum under normoxia. The effect of these systems under hypoxic condition however is not fully understood. The aims of this study were to detect the pharmacophysiological changes of corporal smooth muscle about 3 local neuroeffector systems under hypoxia in the rabbit and to apply the results of study to the management of the priapism. The strips of rabbit corporal tissues were studied for isometric tension measurement under normoxia, hypoxia and cooling condition in the organ chambers. Influence of NL- monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA) and L-arginine to acetylcholine under normoxia and effects of phenylephrine, norepinephrine, acetylcholine, VIP, endothelin 1, papaverine and KCI on the rabbit corpus cavernosal tissue were monitored under normoxia and hypoxia and changes under cooling condition were observed. Relaxing effect of acetylcholine under normoxia was suppressed with L-NMMA and this suppression was reversed with L-arginine. Relaxation with acetylcholine and contraction with endothelin 1 were suppressed under hypoxic condition. Contracting effect of norepinephrine and phenylephrine was stronger under hypoxia or cooling condition than normoxia or 37 degrees C condition respectively. Relaxing effect of VIP and papaverine on corpus cavernosa was similar under normoxia or hypoxia. These results suggest that endothelium-dependent relaxation by cholinergic and noncholinergic nonadrenergic system and endothelium-dependent contraction by endothelin 1 are suppressed under hypoxic condition. VIP related noncholinergic nonadrenergic relaxation and direct relaxation effect of papaverine to corporal smooth muscle are preserved under hypoxia. Application of adrenergics and local irrigation with cold saline would be effective in the management of priapism.
Acetylcholine ; Adrenergic Agents ; Anoxia* ; Arginine ; Endothelin-1 ; Endothelium ; Male ; Muscle, Smooth ; Norepinephrine ; omega-N-Methylarginine ; Papaverine ; Penile Erection ; Phenylephrine ; Priapism ; Relaxation