BACKGROUND: A low level of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) is well known as an important cardiovascular risk factor which is closely associated with physical activity levels. However, there is a very few studies conducted on relationship between physical activity and HDL-C status among Korean adults. METHODS: We selected total 22,294 people aged 19 to 69 years old who had not taken lipid lowering agents from the 2005 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data. The population was classified into three groups using the criteria for HDL-C of Adult Treatment Panel III. The relationship between the physical activity and HDL-C was investigated and the amount of physical activity levels of the three HDL-C groups were obtained with analysis of covariance with adjustments for various factors influencing the physical activity levels. RESULTS: After adjusted for various factors influencing HDL-C, physical activity is significantly associated with HDL-C. As physical activity is increased, HDL-C is much higher (P<0.001).The physical activity levels were significantly different among the three HDL-C groups. The amount of physical activity in low HDL-C group was significantly low compared to high HDL-C group (1653.08+/-65.31 MET-min/wk vs. 1916.70+/-102.86 MET-min/wk, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: We confirmed that the amount of physical activity level in low HDL-C group was significantly lower compared with that of high HDL-C group in Korean adults.
Adult ; Aged ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Cholesterol ; Cholesterol, HDL ; Humans ; Korea ; Lipoproteins ; Motor Activity ; Nutrition Surveys ; Risk Factors

No abstract available.
Herpes Zoster* ; Male ; Penis

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze trends in complementary and alternative therapy in nursing research in Korea. METHOD: The researchers examined academic theses and dissertations published from 1990 to 2002, and 151 articles were used for the analysis. RESULT: Nursing research on CAT increased rapidly from 1995. Articles with quantitative research designs made up 93.9% of the total and there were more experimental studies than non-experimental studies. Patients who had surgery, mental disorders, renal failure, hypertension, arthritis, dementia & cancer were the most frequently participants in studies on CAT. The type of CAT used in nursing research were mind-body therapy (65.8%), manual healing therapy (28.7%), phamacologic & biological therapy (3.7%), bioelectromagnetics (0.9%) and herbal therapy (0.9%). In 44 articles both psychological and physiological parameters were used as dependent variables. In 34 articles only physiological parameters were used and in 13 only psychological parameters. The most frequently used physiological parameters in CAT were pain, physiological function and vital signs, while the most used psychological parameters were anxiety, depression and stress. CONCLUSION: More studies about CAT are needed to extend the role and fields for professional nursing. There is a need to conduct qualitative studies in nursing about the experiences of patients who receive CAT and nurses who use CAT.
Animals ; Anxiety ; Arthritis ; Biological Therapy ; Cats ; Dementia ; Depression ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Korea* ; Mental Disorders ; Mind-Body Therapies ; Nursing Research* ; Nursing* ; Phytotherapy ; Renal Insufficiency ; Research Design ; Vital Signs

No abstract available.
Melanoma, Amelanotic* ; Poroma*

No abstract available.
DNA*

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Atrial fibrillation(AF) is the most frequently encountered arrhythmia in clinical practice. Pharmacologic therapy has been advocated for both immediate restoration of sinus rhythm and prevention of recurrent AF. Because conventional antiarrhythmic therapy is often ineffective in maintaining sinus rhythm or is associated with adverse side effects in patients with AF, recent interest has focused on the use of class III antiarrhythmic agents. This study investigated the efficacy and safety of sotalol and amiodarone for conversion of chronic AF and prevention of recurrent AF. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Thirty six patients with AF were firstly received sotalol by prospective study protocol. The patients were classified as having paroxysmal AF(PAF, N=2) or chronic AF(CAF, N=4) based on AF pattern. If the patients with CAF did not convert to sinus rhythm or the patients with PAF recurred in AF, the patients were received second agents(amiodarone). Patients were followed up for one year. RESULTS: Among the 12 patients with PAF receiving sotalol, 10(83.3%) patients remained in normal sinus rhythm for average 9.4+/-3.6 months. Sotalol was replaced by amiodarone in the remaing 2 patients with arrhythmia recurrence and 1 of the 2 patients remained in sinus rhythm during the follow-up period. In the case of 24 patients with CAF, conversion to sinus rhythm was achieved in 5(20.8%) patients with sotalol. Among the patients with CAF who were not respond to sotalol, 17 patients received amiodarone subsquently and 3 patients successfully converted to sinus rhythm. There were no proarrhythmic effects related to both agents during the study period. CONCLUSION: Both sotalol and amiodarone appear to be less effective in the termination of CAF, but sequential use of these two agents seem to be very effective for the prevention of recurrence of PAF.
Amiodarone* ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Atrial Fibrillation* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Prospective Studies ; Recurrence ; Sotalol*

No abstract available.
Humans

No abstract available.
Mycobacterium*

PURPOSE: To demonstrate the mammographic and sonographic appearances of metaplastic carcinoma of the breast. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The mammographic and sonographic findings in eight female patients (aged: 28-78 years, mean: 50.3 years) with pathologically proven metaplastic cancer were analyzed retrospectively by three radiologists. We analyzed the size, density, shape, margin, associated architectural distortion, calcification in the mass and enlarged lymph node at the axilla, on the mammograms. We also analyzed the shape, margin and echogenicity of the lesions on the sonograms. RESULTS: On mammography, irregular (n=4), lobular (n=2) or oval (n=2) shaped high density masses were found. The margins of the masses were indistinct (n=4) or obscured (n=3). There were architectural distortions in three cases and pleomorphic calcifications in two cases. On sonography, irregular (n=5) or oval (n=3) shaped masses with microlobulated margins were found. The echopatterns of the masses were complex (n=5) or hypoechoic (n=3). CONCLUSION: The mammographic and sonographic findings of metaplastic carcinoma of the breast are nonspecific and similar to those of other forms of breast cancer. However, this type of tumor should be included in the differential diagnosis for breast masses which appear as an irregular or oval shape with a microlobulated margin and a complex or hypoechoic echopattern on sonography.
Axilla ; Breast Neoplasms ; Breast* ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Mammography ; Retrospective Studies ; Ultrasonography*

OBJECTIVES: To understand the importance of the serum level of Ca-125 among pelvic mass, we performed a study. METHOD: From January to December 1998, we performed the study. Before hysterectomy, we performed a blood sampling to know the serum level of Ca-125, After hysterectomy, we weighed the uterus and measured the thickness of endometrium and other histologic characteristics. RESULTS: We performed my research to 80 peoples. The relation between uterine weight and the serum level of Ca-125 is little, if ever(R2=0.0007), and the relation between the thickness of endometrium and the serum level of Ca-125 is also little, if ever(R2=0.0353). The relation between leiomyoma, the cycle of endometrium and the serum level of Ca-125 were also little, but there was a close relationship between adenomyosis and the serum level of Ca-125. CONCLUSION: There was little relationship between uterine weight and the serum level of Ca-125.
Adenomyosis ; Endometrium ; Female ; Humans ; Hysterectomy* ; Leiomyoma ; Uterus