STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Resin cements are widely used in adhesive dentistry specially on all ceramic restorations. It is needed to find out adequate bonding strength between different porcelain surface treatments, commercially available porcelains, and different resin cement systems. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate shear bond strength of resin cements bonded to porcelains in three different modalities; 5 different porcelain surface treatments, 3 different resin cement systems and 3 different commercially available pressable porcelains. MATERIAL AND METHOD: This study consisted of 3 parts. Part I examined the effect of five different surface treatments on the pressable porcelain. Fifty discs (5 mm in diameter and 3 mm in height) of Authentic porcelain were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 10). The specimens were sanded with 320 grit SiC paper followed by 600 grit SiC paper. The specimens were treated as follow: Group 1-Sandblasting (aluminum oxide) only, Group 2 - sandblasting/silane, Group - sandblasting/acid etching/silane, Group 4 - acid etching only, Group 5 - acid etching/silane. Part II examined the shear bond strength of 3 different resin cement systems (Duolink, Variolink II, Rely X ARC) on acid etching/ silane treated Authentic pressable porcelain. Part 3 examined the shear bond strength of Duolink resin cement on 3 different pressable porcelains (Authentic, Empress I, Finesse). All cemented specimens were stored in distilled water for 2 hours and tested with Ultradent shear bond strength test jig under Universal Instron machine until fracture. An analysis of variance(ANOVA) test was used to evaluate differences in shear bond strength. RESULT: The shear bond strength test resulted in the following: (1) Acid etched porcelains recorded greater shear bond strength values to the sandblasted porcelains. (2) Silane treated porcelains recorded greater shear bond strength values to non-silane treated porcelains. (3) There was no significant difference between sandblasting/acid etching/silane teated and acid etching/silane treated porcelains. However those values were much higher than other three groups. (4) The shear bond strength with Variolink II was lower than the value of Duolink or Rely X ARC. (5) The shear bond strength of Finesse was lower than the value of Authentic or Empress I.
Adhesives ; Ceramics ; Dental Porcelain* ; Dentistry ; Resin Cements* ; Silicon Dioxide ; Water

In the present study, we examined to determine the development of various lymphoid tissue including mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), thymus, lymph node and liver. In order to investigate the relationship between the morphological events and the expression pattern of MIC2 antigen (CD99) during the development of lymphoid system, we performed the immunohistochemical study using DN16, a monoclonal antibody against MIC2 (CD99), on formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded lymphoid sections in 68 human embryos and fetuses, between 5 and 39 gestational week (GW). Four neonates, an infant, and 5 adults are also included. CD99 has been expressed along the membrane of hepatocytes and sinusoidal endothelial cells for 10-28 GW, in when the liver the major site of hematopoiesis. In the thymus, CD99 was firstly detected in the presumptive epitheial cells at 10 GW. When the thymus matured and corticomedullary differentiation appeared, CD99 was exclusively expressed in cortical thymocytes. The CD99 expression in epithelial cells of MALT has initiated at 6 GW and 10 GW earlier than that at the onset of MALT development and its expression has been persisted during MALT formation especially 16-25 GW. The finnding that CD99 antigen was expressed in epithelial cells during the development of MALT rnight provide a means to identify a novel epithelial differentiated substance. In addition, endothelial cells that are present in various organs such as liver and small intestine concurrently expressed CD99 antigen and its expression persisted to late fetal period. This point rnight suggest that CD99 antigen regulate the irnigration of lymphocytes from liver, major hematopoietic organ, to thymus or peripheral lyrnphoid organ via the interaction between endothelial cells and lymphocytes.
Adult ; Embryonic Structures* ; Endothelial Cells ; Epithelial Cells ; Fetus* ; Hematopoiesis ; Hepatocytes ; Humans* ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Intestine, Small ; Liver ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphocytes ; Lymphoid Tissue* ; Membranes ; Thymocytes ; Thymus Gland

No abstract available.
Apgar Score* ; Humans ; Smoke* ; Smoking*

A large body of evidence indicates that Helicobacter pylori is involved in the pathogenesis of chronic gastritis and peptic ulcers. Several techniques are currently used for detecting H. pylori. Recently the immunohistochemical method was introduced for rapid detection of H. pylori. To compare the result of the immunohistochemical method with those obtained by microbiologic methods, we glean formalin fixed, paraffin embbeded gastric and duodenal biopsy specimens from 85 patients with upper gastrointestinal symptoms. We set fifty cases which H. pylori was cultivated and identified by Gram stain as Group I, and thirty-five cases without H. pylori in Gram stain and culture as Group II. The results were as follows. 1) The sensitivity and the specificity of immunohistochemical method were 94% and 80% compared with the microbiologic method. Positive and negative predictive value of the immunohistochemical method were respectively 87% and 90%. However, in seven cases of Group II, H. pylori were identified by immunohistichemical method. 2) Immunohistochemical staining exhibited bacteria that were present in the mucus layer, the surface of the gastric mucosa and metaplastic gastric epithelium in duodenum. With reference to the distribution and density of H. pylori in Group I and II, a significant correlation existed between microbiologic results and bacterial load of the biopsy specimen (p<0.01). 3) Chronic inflammation of gastric biopsies were seen in all 45 H. pylori-positive cases(100%) and 16 out of 19 H. pylori-negative cases(84%). The degree of chronic inflammation was more severe in positive cases than negative cases. Activity of inflammation was seen 98% of H. pylori-positive cases and 16% of H. pylori-negative cases. Intestinal metaplasia was seen 40% of H. pylori-positive cases and 58% of H. pylori-negative cases. Lymphoid follicles and aggregates were seen in 47%(27 cases) of H. pylori-positive cases. Among 47%, cases with lymphoid follicles were 9%(4 cases) and cases with lymphoid aggregates were 38%(17 cases). In H. pylori-negative cases, lymphoid follicles and aggregates were seen in 16%(3 cases). It is possible to obtain samples from most of the individuals who underwent the endoscopy in Korea. And this method is simple, rapid and sensitive. We conclude that the immunohistochemical method is another useful diagnostic tool for detection of Helicobacter pylori.
Predictive Value of Tests ; Biopsy

Anthrax in man is usually cutaneous, resulting from contact with materials derived from infected livestock. Internal organs are infrequently involved,. This report concerns a case of primary anthrax of intestine. The first case of primary anthrax of intestine is to our knowledge in Korea. The patient was a 14-year-old male who has complained of nausea, vomiting and acute abdominal pain. History was otherwise noncontributory except for ingestion raw meat of the dead cattle, one day before the onset of the disease. The cattle presumably died due to Bacillus anthracis in a village Bae-Ban Dong in the city of Kyung ju, Kyung Pook. Among 15 sufferers, 2 cases died 3 days later. Bacillus anthracis isolated from the raw beef, blood samples of two patients and throat culture of one patient. At laparotomy, the peritoneal cavity was full of serosanginous fluid. Right hemicolectomy including partial resection of ileum was done. The bowel was segmentally dilated, hemorrhagic and necrotic, especially at terminal ileum. The mucosa was edematous and largely ulcerated covered with greenish yellow exudate. The intense vascular congestion with hemorrhage and numerous colonization of bacteria were present through the entire wall. The organisms were large, gram-positive and PAS-negative bacilli in long chain. Bacterial emboli were scattered in lymphatics. The other feature was band like lymphoid cell infiltration in ulcer base and submucosal layer. Payer's patches were prominent and the germinal centers were necrotic. Interfollicular spaces exhibited aggregates of numerous atypical lymphoid cells. The cells were five times larger than resting lymphocytes and had several prominent nucleoli and abundant amphophilic cytoplasm. On immunohistochemical staining, most of atypical cells were positive for T-cell marker and Ki-I Ag. The mesenteric lymph nodes were enlarged, showing reactive feature, and the atypical cells were also demonstrated. The patient recovered completely.
Male ; Humans

Oncocytic type intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm is a newly defined subgroup of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms. A 35-year-old woman presented complaining of epigastric pain for one month. Enhanced computed tomography revealed a multilocular cystic mass in the distal body and tail of the pancreas. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography showed no communication between the mass and the main pancreatic duct. The patient underwent a distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy. Microscopical examination showed a fibrous cyst wall; polypoid tumors exhibiting thin stalks, with extensive arborizing papillary growths from these stalks; and a focally cribriform pattern, lined by plump cells with abundant eosinophilic and granular cytoplasm. Red granules were detected in the cytoplasm of tumor cells on modified Gomori trichrome stain. Ultrastructurally, the tumor cells contained abundant cytoplasm packed with numerous mitochondria and intracellular and intercellular lumina. We describe an oncocytic type intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm having the clinical characteristics of a mucinous cystic neoplasm.
Female ; Humans ; Cysts

Anemia in women during pregnancy and after delivery has been known to affect the mother, the fetus, and the infant's growth and health status. Studies examining, changes in iron and folate status associated with anemia during pregnancy and during pregnancy, and those supplements are stopped after postpartum. However, the effects of those have not been clearly determined in pregnant and lactating Korea women. Therefore, this study was performed to determine the changes in maternal iron and folate status during pregnancy and six months after delivery longitudinally in six pregnant women who consumed supplements from 20 wk to delivery. We concluded that the iron status deteriorated during pregnancy and especially was weak in the third trimester, but had a tendency to recovery after delivery. On the other hand, the folate status deteriorated in the first and second trimester and was good in the third trimester, but had a tendency to decrease after delivery. These results suggested that the iron status was not improved despite consuming total iron supplements of 50 mg/day through diets and supplements during the second half of the pregnancy. On the other hand, the folate status improved at the end of pregnancy by consuming folate supplements of a total of 800 mg/day through diets and supplements. However, folate status was poor in the first half of the pregnancy, and the tendency of folate status to decrease during postpartum was advanced. At the point in which iron and therefore supplementation is essential. However, the effects of supplement intake time and intake dosage need to be verified and the nutritional status changes of postpartum women should be carefully monitored.
Anemia ; Diet ; Female ; Fetus ; Folic Acid* ; Hand ; Humans ; Iron* ; Korea ; Longitudinal Studies* ; Mothers ; Nutritional Status ; Postpartum Period ; Pregnancy Trimester, Second ; Pregnancy Trimester, Third ; Pregnancy* ; Pregnant Women

TGF-beta1 expression was studied in 25 patients with tuberculosis (lung, 9 cases and lymph node, 16 cases) using a polyclonal antibody in formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissue. Nineteen cases (76.0%) out of 25 cases showed TGF-beta1 expression. TGF-beta1 was present in cytoplasm of epithelioid cells and Langhans' giant cells. Pulmonary tuberculosis and tuberculous lymphadenitis showed different patterns of staining. Five of 9 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis were positive for TGF-beta1: four of acid-fast bacilli positive cases (4/5, 80.0%) and one of acid-fast bacilli negative cases (1/4, 25.0%). However, high expression of TGF-beta1 was detected in tuberculous lymphadenitis of both acid-fast bacilli positive group (3/4, 75.0%) and acid-fast bacilli negative group (11/12, 91.7%). TGF-beta1 was also expressed in all of 6 cases of BCG-induced tuberculous lymphadenitis: 2 acid-fast bacilli positive and 4 acid-fast bacilli negative cases. TGF-beta1 expression was shown in 19 cases (86.4%) of 22 in active tuberculosis, while no TGF-beta1 expression was detected in any cases of inactive, healed tuberculosis (p<0.008). This study supports that the TGF-beta1 expression of epithelioid cells may alter their function resulting in the impaired antimycobacterial activity. Thus the increased production of TGF-beta1 may be one of the important mechanisms by which Mycobacterium tuberculosis avoids destruction by host macrophages.
Cytoplasm ; Epithelioid Cells ; Giant Cells ; Granuloma* ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Macrophages* ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; Paraffin ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1* ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Lymph Node ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

No abstract available.
Fallopian Tubes* ; Female ; Infertility* ; Spermatozoa*