No abstract available.
Diabetes Insipidus, Nephrogenic* ; Urinary Tract Infections ; Vesico-Ureteral Reflux*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Macrophages, Peritoneal* ; Mice* ; Mycobacterium bovis*

One of the complication during or after subclavian vein cannulation is intravascular catheter or wire embolization. Although some studies have reported safety of retaining foreign body embolization, and even death. The intravascular foreign body can be removed surgically or non-surgically. With improvement in instrument technology and technique, percutaneous retrieval of intravascular foreign bodies has become a relatively common procedure. Commonly used methods to remove intravascular foreign bodies are loop snare and basket technique. Sometimes biopy forcep can be used. We have experienced 2 cases of non-surgical removal of intravascular foreign bodies. One of the foreign bodies was 7cm wire fragment in right atrium(RA), the other was a 50cm guide wire. We used the standard loop snare technique for removal of 7cm wire fragment in RA and stone removal basket and 3.0mm ACS PTCA balloon to remove the 50cm short guide wire.
Catheterization ; Catheters ; Foreign Bodies* ; SNARE Proteins ; Subclavian Vein ; Surgical Instruments

OBJECTIVES: Psychoeducation is an important factor in the treatment of chronic mental illness that increases drug compliance, then prevents relapse of illness, and brings the patient a progress of social function and quality of life. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effect of psychoeducation on relapse of schizophrenic patients. METHODS: Checklist including 33 items was applied to 97 schizophrenic patients that had been treated at Seoul National Mental Hospital. The subject was divided into two groups. The experimental group consisted of 47 cases that were not treated consistently more than 6 months in outpatient department and required at least 3 time hospital treatment. The control group consisted of 50 cases that were treated consistently in outpatient department at least 3 consecutive years. RESULTS: The experimental group had significant differences in terms of deficiency of insight such as denial of disease or relapse, subjective experience of drug side effect, whether or not taking drug and they had higher negative attitude to therapist. Many schizophrenic patients reported that they had not been educated thoroughly about disease, drug, and prognosis. 46.8% in experimental group and 46.0% in control group did not recognized necessity of psychoeducation. CONCLUSION: This study suggested that we need the necessity of psychoeducation in terms of the relationship between the relapse of illness and psychoeducation. However, considering that we did not have an extensive study about psychoeducation and compliance, we need more improved study.
Checklist ; Compliance ; Denial (Psychology) ; Hospitals, Psychiatric ; Humans ; Outpatients ; Prognosis ; Quality of Life ; Recurrence* ; Schizophrenia ; Seoul

No abstract available.
Cystadenoma, Mucinous* ; Mucins* ; Pancreas*

PURPOSE: The perioperative and long-term outcomes of patients with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) treated by cross-trigonal ureteroneocystostomy (Cohen's reimplantaion) over the last 18 years were ascertained. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 182 patients (322 renal units), who underwent Cohen's reimplantaion between January 1987 and February 2004, were retrospectively examined. The VUR grades were III in 38, IV in 214 and V in 70 renal units. The patients were followed up with postoperative voiding cystourethrography and intravenous pyelography for a mean 54.3, ranging from 3 to 176 months. RESULTS: The operation was successful in 316 of the 322 renal units (98.1%). The correction rates, according to the reflux grade, were 100, 98.6 and 95.7% for grades III to V, respectively. The correction rates, according to the period, were 98 and 98.4% before and after 1995, respectively. The correction rates, according to age, were 98.1 and 98.2% for below and above 2-years-old, respectively. The mean hospital stay was 8.4 days (6-21). Postoperative complications were observed in 11 patients, including persistent pyuria, persistent ipsilateral reflux, new contralateral reflux, paralytic ileus and acute pyelonephritis. Only 1 of these 11 patient required re-operation, while the remaining 10 were resolved during further follow up. CONCLUSIONS: A Cohen's reimplantation offers very good long-term results in curing VUR. This technique is a safe and effective method for ureteral reimplantation in patient with VUR, as it shows a relatively high success and low complication rates.
Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction ; Length of Stay ; Postoperative Complications ; Pyelonephritis ; Pyuria ; Replantation* ; Retrospective Studies ; Ureter ; Urography ; Vesico-Ureteral Reflux*

No abstract available.
Diagnosis* ; Hirschsprung Disease* ; Manometry*

Although an immune response to bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) has often been associated with antitumor activity, the action mechanism(s) of intravesical BCG therapy for prophylaxis and treatment of superficial bladder cancer is not clearly understood. In an attempt to evaluate the roles of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and lymphotoxin (LT) in the antitumor activity, TNF-alpha productivities by peripheral blood monocytes, serum levels of TNF-alpha, and LT productivities by peripheral blood lymphocytes were studied in superficial bladder cancer patients after six intravesical administrations of BCG. TNF-alpha productivities by peritoneal macrophages of guinea pigs were also studied after six intravesical administrations of BCG. The maximum TNF-alpha productivities by peripheral blood monocytes of superficial bladder cancer patients were seen after the fourth week of administration of BCG, and the serum TNF-alpha levels were also slightly increased after intravesical BCG administration in the superficial bladder cancer patients. LT productivities by peripheral blood lymphocytes of superficial bladder cancer patients were significantly enhanced and the maximum LT productivity was also seen after the third or fifth BCG administration. TNF-alpha productivities by peritoneal macrophages of guinea pigs were significantly enhanced and the maximum TNF-alpha productivity was seen after the second or third BCG administration. Our data might suggest that six consecutive intravesical BCG administrations could induce the increased productions of TNF-alpha and LT, which might play an important role in the antitumor activity in superficial bladder cancer.Although an immune response to bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) has often been associated with antitumor activity, the action mechanism(s) of intravesical BCG therapy for prophylaxis and treatment of superficial bladder cancer is not clearly understood. In an attempt to evaluate the roles of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and lymphotoxin (LT) in the antitumor activity, TNF-alpha productivities by peripheral blood monocytes, serum levels of TNF-alpha, and LT productivities by peripheral blood lymphocytes were studied in superficial bladder cancer patients after six intravesical administrations of BCG. TNF-alpha productivities by peritoneal macrophages of guinea pigs were also studied after six intravesical administrations of BCG. The maximum TNF-alpha productivities by peripheral blood monocytes of superficial bladder cancer patients were seen after the fourth week of administration of BCG, and the serum TNF-alpha levels were also slightly increased after intravesical BCG administration in the superficial bladder cancer patients. LT productivities by peripheral blood lymphocytes of superficial bladder cancer patients were significantly enhanced and the maximum LT productivity was also seen after the third or fifth BCG administration. TNF-alpha productivities by peritoneal macrophages of guinea pigs were significantly enhanced and the maximum TNF-alpha productivity was seen after the second or third BCG administration. Our data might suggest that six consecutive intravesical BCG administrations could induce the increased productions of TNF-alpha and LT, which might play an important role in the antitumor activity in superficial bladder cancer.
Administration, Intravesical ; Animal ; Bladder Neoplasms/*metabolism/*therapy ; Female ; Guinea Pigs ; Human ; Mycobacterium bovis/*physiology ; Prospective Studies ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Tumor Necrosis Factor/*biosynthesis

We performed microscopic sperm aspiration and IVF in 2 cases of distal vas obstruction. 4 cases or epididymal obstruction, 3 cases of congenital vas aplasia. The results were as follows ; 1. The fertilization was successful in 2 cases of distal vas obstruction(100%). 1 case of epididymal obstruction(25%). 1 case of congenital vas. aplasia(33.3%). 2. In 4 cases with Sertoli cell failure. the count and quality of aspirated sperm was lower than in 5 cases with normal hormonal study. The fertilization was successful in 1 case with Sertoli cell failure(25%) and 3 cases with normal hormonal study(60%). In conclusion. microscopic sperm aspiration and IVF proved helpful in treatment of patients with distal vas obstructin, congenital vas aplasia. but the vasoepididymostomy proved more helpful in treatment of patients with epididymal obstruction then microscopic sperm aspiration and IVF until now. When microscopic sperm aspiration and IVF is performed, it seems that in Sertoli cell failure group. there will be lesser fertilization success cases than in normal hormonal study group.
Azoospermia* ; Fertilization ; Fertilization in Vitro* ; Humans ; Sperm Retrieval* ; Spermatozoa*

In surgical treatment of the malignant melanoma, radical resection and a sentinel lymph node biopsy are essential procedures to eradicate the tumor and to minimize the risk of local recurrence. For the reconstruction of skin defect after tumor resection, a skin graft has been generally performed procedure. However, if tendon or bone is exposed after tumor resection, simple skin graft is not enough for the coverage of the defect and additional procedure is mandatory. In this study, we reviewed the clinical results of 16 patients, who had been diagnosed with malignant melanoma of the limb and underwent surgical resection and reconstruction of the defect with various methods. The sentinel lymph node dissection was performed in all patients combined with radical excision of the tumor. In 11 cases of positive sentinel lymph nodes, further elective lymph node dissections were performed. The mean tumor invasion depth was 4.54 mm (2~10 mm), and AJCC stage II was most common (9 cases). The pedicled flaps were performed in 10 cases for the reconstruction of defects. All flaps were successfully survived without significant complications until the last follow up. In conclusion, a pedicled flap coverage is very useful reconstruction strategy for the soft tissue defects after radical resection of malignant melanoma.
Extremities ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lymph Node Excision ; Lymph Nodes ; Melanoma ; Nitriles ; Pyrethrins ; Recurrence ; Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy ; Skin ; Surgical Flaps ; Tendons ; Transplants