No abstract available.
Frontal Sinus*

Real-time ultrasongraphy is a simple, accurate, noninvasive and potentially valuable means of studying gallbladder size and emptying. The authors calculated ultrasonographically the ejection fraction of 80 cases of normally functioning gallbladder on oral cholecystography, from June 1983 to April 1984, at the department of radiology, Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital. The results were obtained as follows; 1. Ultrasongraphic Ejection Fraction at 30 minutes after the fatty meal was 73.1+-16.85. 2. There was no significant difference in age and sex, statistically.
Cholecystography ; Gallbladder ; Heart ; Meals

Although the peritoneum is rare site for a primary neoplasm, certain malignant neoplasms may arise from it. A case of 63-year-old woman who had a serous papillary carcinoma of peritoneal origin is reported. Extraovarian peritoneal serous papillary carcinoma was characterized by ascites, malignant washings, and omental involvement with bulky infiltration and/or multiple tumor nodules. The symptoms caused by diffuse spreading of the neoplasm over the peritoneum are the most important manifestation for clinical diagnosis of malignant primary neoplasm of peritoneum, especially serous papillary carcinoma. This behaving tumor was at least partially responded to therapy. In this report, we describe a case of serous papillary carcinoma of peritoneum carring on proper management with brief review.
Ascites ; Carcinoma, Papillary* ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Peritoneum*

The authors have experienced a case of double elevation paralysis with mild degree of hypophoria and exophoria in 10 year-old primary school girl. This case is congenital in origin. Transposition of the insertion of medial and lateral rectus muscle placing the new inserti ons immediately adjacent to the insertion of the superior rectus muscle was performed. After the operation, the subjective symptoms such as diplopia, dizziness, headache were improved even though this does not produce normal elevation beyond the midline level. Double elevation paralysis is caused often by unilateral supranuclear lesion than peripheral congenital lesion.
Child ; Diplopia ; Dizziness ; Exotropia ; Female ; Headache ; Humans ; Paralysis*

A clinical analysis was done for 51 eyes of 50 retinal detachment patients, who operated in the Depart of Ophthalmology, Chungnam National University Hospital during last 3 years. The results were as follows: 1) The maximum incidence of detachment in this study occurred between the ages of 51 and 60 years (30 %), and the next over the age of 61 years (22 %), that was somewhat different comparing with other reports in Korea. Men were more common than women. 2) Of all retinal breaks, the round holes were most common (47.1 %), followed by dialyses (27.5 %) and horse-shoe tears(19.6 %) before the ages of 30 years, cases with disinsertions were frequently observed with trauma 3) The over aU success rate of retinal detachment surgery was 74.5 %. There was no effect on the success rate by the shapes and numbers of the retinal breaks. The shorter the duration. the better the preoperative vision, and the samller the extents of detached area showed the better success rate. 4) The most frequent and main causes of failure were massive vitreous retraction and giant tears. 5) No complications of silicon rubber was observed in the operated eyes, such as foreign body reaction or invasion into the globe after surgery.
Chungcheongnam-do ; Dialysis ; Female ; Foreign-Body Reaction ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Male ; Ophthalmology ; Retinal Detachment* ; Retinal Perforations ; Retinaldehyde* ; Rubber ; Silicone Elastomers*

OBJECTIVE: A considerable proportion of suicide attempts are the result of sudden desires. Understanding such impulsive suicide attempts is necessary for effective interventions. We evaluated the impulsivity of suicide attempters treated in emergency rooms. The aim of the study was to identify the characteristics of impulsive suicide attempts by comparing these individuals to those who attempted to commit suicide in a non-impulsive manner. METHODS: This study analyzed suicide attempters who visited the emergency departments of seven selected university hospitals. A total of 269 medical records in which impulsivity of suicide attempt were confirmed were subject to be analyzed. The impulsivity of the suicide attempt was examined using a summative score of items 6 and 15 on the Suicide Intent Scale. RESULTS: A total of 48.0% of the participants were impelled by sudden inclinations to attempt suicide. Impulsive attempters were younger, unmarried and less physical illness than non-impulsive attempters, whereas no significant differences were found on psychiatric history and previous suicide history. Impulsive suicide attempters had suicide ideations that were not as severe (χ2=55.33, p<0.001) or intense (t=-8.38, p<0.001) as their counterparts'. Furthermore, medical results of impulsive suicide attempts were better than non-impulsive suicide attempts (t=-3.77, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: The results suggested that a considerable proportion of suicide attempts were the result of sudden inclinations. Impulsive attempts were made in relatively earlier stages of suicide ideation; consequently, they have less intent than non-impulsive attempts.
Emergencies* ; Emergency Service, Hospital* ; Hospitals, University ; Humans ; Impulsive Behavior ; Korea* ; Medical Records ; Single Person ; Suicide*

OBJECTIVES: The Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) is one of the most widely used self-report instruments for the assessment of childhood depression, and it has been especially valid for epidemiological purposes. The aim of this study is to assess self-reported depressive symptoms in 5th grade students in a small city by gender, using the Korean version of the CDI. In addition, factorial analysis was performed on the 27 items of the CDI in the subjects in order to identify potential composite dimensions. METHODS: The participants were 2,293 5th grade students from elementary schools (1,148 males and 1,145 females). The initial factors were extracted by maximum likelihood factor analysis and then rotated according to promax criteria in order to achieve a simple structure. Only those items with a loading of .30 or greater were included in the identified factors. RESULTS: The mean CDI score was 13.95+/-7.11. A total of 557 (24.3%) children showed clinically significant scores of more than 19 points. There was no significant difference in mean score between the boys and girls. Factorial analysis yielded four factors: dysphoria/biological dysregulation, externalizing/self-deprecation, social problems and school problems. The factor that accounted for the highest variability was externalizing/self-depreciation in boys and dysphoria/biological dysregulation in girls. CONCLUSION: The cut-off score on the CDI in children should be considered to be higher than that in previous studies. The factorial structure for 11-year-old children in Korea seems to be similar to that of adolescents in Western countries.
Adolescent ; Child ; Depression ; Factor Analysis, Statistical ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Social Problems

The stigma of mental illness is a problem that should be addressed urgently as such stigma has a negative effect on the lives of individuals with mental disorders, which may result in social and economic losses. Moreover, mental health stigma acts as a barrier to mental health service utilization. Thus, the need to reduce the mental health stigma has been highlighted. In Korea, stigma associated with individuals with mental disorders has been studied; however, few of those studies investigated mental health literacy, which might influence an individual's attitudes toward and beliefs about people with mental disorders. Furthermore, there are fewer evidence-based anti-stigma campaigns and programs in Korea than in other countries. On that basis, a review of previous studies focusing on mental disorder stigma was undertaken, and the effects of such stigma on individuals with mental disorders and on society were assessed. In addition, research into mental health literacy, rarely undertaken in South Korea, was discussed. Finally, anti-stigma campaigns that are reportedly effective in reducing mental illness stigma were reviewed. With regard to future research on mental health stigma in South Korea, it is suggested that researchers study mental health literacy to assess accurately the public's misperceptions about mental disorders. In addition, a variety of evidence-based anti-stigma campaigns should be implemented to increase public knowledge of mental disorders. Lastly, cooperation between public and private sectors should be encouraged to develop strategies for reducing the stigma and negative beliefs associated with mental disorders.
Korea* ; Literacy ; Mental Disorders ; Mental Health ; Mental Health Services ; Private Sector

PURPOSE: Aberrant expression of the c-myb gene is often detected in transformed leukemic cells. Inhibition of c-myb expression by antisense oligos could be an effective way to abort rapid growth of leukemic cells. Developing stable antisense oligos combined with enhanced delivery into cells would be of great use in developing an effective anti-cancer molecular agent. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Selection of target sites was carried out by employing computer simulation of mRNA secondary structures. Multiple antisense oligo sequences were adjoined and AS-oligos were then covalently closed to evade exonuclease activities. C-myb antisense oligos with a novel structure were complexed with cationic liposomes and used to treat HL-60 leukemic cells. RESULTS: We developed covalently closed antisense oligos which harbor four adjoined antisense sequences. The c-myb antisense oligos were found to be exceptionally stable and effective in specifically ablating c-myb mRNA. The antisense oligos were able to inhibit growth of leukemic cell line (HL-60) by about 80%. Antisense effect was more pronounced when the cells were treated twice with the antisense oligos at lower concentrations. CONCLUSION: The novel covalently closed antisense oligo (CMAS-oligos) was found to be effective and exceptionally stable, Growth of HL-60 was significantly inhibited, showing a rational way to develop an effective molecular anti-cancer agent.
Cell Line ; Computer Simulation ; Genes, myb ; Liposomes ; Oligonucleotides, Antisense* ; RNA, Messenger

In recent years, early intervention is the paradigm in psychosis treatment. The logic of early intervention paradigm is based on the view that the earliest possible detection and intervention for psychosis will deliver the best outcome for patients. Therefore, in recent decades, most of studies focused on indentifying people with psychosis as early as possible, reducing the duration of untreated psychosis. However, while there are well documented and sometimes serious side effects associated with antipsychotic medication in the short-term, the iatrogenic risks of atypical antipsychotic medication are underscored. Furthermore, against this paradigm, the recent of longitudinal studies of schizophrenia suggest a new paradigm shift in treatment timing of psychosis. In this respect, this case which showed symptom remission after conversion into schizophrenia in early psychosis suggests wondering about the time of treatment. Similar cases have not been reported. And review of the effects of timing, in fact, has yet to be done. If similar cases would be reported in the future more, treatment timing may be the next paradigm shift in the therapeutics of early psychosis.
Antipsychotic Agents ; Early Intervention (Education) ; Humans ; Logic ; Longitudinal Studies ; Psychotic Disorders* ; Schizophrenia*