We analyzed the change of the amount of postoperative deviation between pediatric group (younger than 18 years) and adult. group (older than 18 years) with intermittent exotropia. All of the 141 patients were treated by bilateral recession of lateral rectus muscle. Among 141 patients, 111 were overcorrected immediately after surgery. Among 111 overcorrected patients, 64 were children and 47 were adults. Fifty of 64 overcorrected pediatric patients were satisfied after 6 m.on`ths after surgery, but only 22 of 47 overcorrected adult patients were satisfied. Twenty two of 26 overcorrected 10-15delta immediately after surgery in pediatric group and 17 of 24 overcorrected under 10delta, in adult group were satisfied after 6 months after surgery. Between the two groups, the figure of change of postoperative deviation were different. In pediatric group, postoperative deviation was rnuch naore decreased at. 6 months after surgery, but, changes were less significant in adult group. We suggest that immediately after surgery, a small consecutive esotropia of 10 to ISA is desirable in children but. esotropia less than IDA in adults.
Adult* ; Child ; Esotropia ; Exotropia* ; Humans

Erythema multiforme is an episodic, self-limited, mucocutaneous, inflammatory disorder and the disease manifests as severe form is called Stevens-Johnson syndrome. It is most commonly precipitated by herpes simplex infection or drugs and the pathogenesis of the mucocutaneous lesion is thought to be related to immune complexes, cell-mediated immunity, or both. We experienced a case of Stevens-Johnson syndrome in 23-year-old female who had systemic bullous kin lesion and diffue mucopurulent conjunctivitis after use of oral acetazolamide for control of steroid-induced increased intraocular pressure after excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy, which has not been reported in Korea. So, we report this case with a review of the literature.
Acetazolamide* ; Antigen-Antibody Complex ; Conjunctivitis, Bacterial ; Erythema Multiforme ; Female ; Herpes Simplex ; Humans ; Immunity, Cellular ; Intraocular Pressure ; Korea ; Lasers, Excimer ; Photorefractive Keratectomy ; Stevens-Johnson Syndrome* ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: This study was to investigate the prevalence of tardive dyskinesia (TD) in Korean inpatients using antipsychotics and the relationship between TD and sociodemographic, clinical variables. METHODS: This study was done from January to Feburary, 2003, at the Seoul National Mental Hospital. A cross-sectional assessment of randomly selected inpatients (n=324;mean age=39.73+/-9.63years) with DSM-IV schizophrenia, schizoaffective, bipolar disorder was performed with standard rating instrument for TD and extrapyramidal symptoms. The relations between the prevalence of TD and sex, age, length of medication and dosage of antipsychotics, clozapine, and other psychotropic medication, EPS were analyzed with Chi-square test or t-test. RESULTS: Using Schooler and Kane's criteria, 20 subjects (6.17%) had TD. TD was significantly less prevalent in patients receiving clozapine. There was no other significant difference between the TD and without TD groups with respect to type of antipsychotics, other psychotropic drug, antiparkinsonian drug, mood stabilizer augmentation. CONCLUSION: The result of this study have confirmed the lower prevalence of TD among inpatients using antipsychotics compared to previous investigations. The study has also replicated the association of TD with older age. Clozapine use was associated with lower prevalence rate of TD.
Antipsychotic Agents* ; Bipolar Disorder ; Clozapine ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Hospitals, Psychiatric ; Humans ; Inpatients* ; Movement Disorders* ; Prevalence* ; Schizophrenia ; Seoul

No abstract available.
Teratoma*

Patients undergoing monocular excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for myopic correction can develop strabismus secondary to decompensated heterophorias. We experienced a case of ocular esodeviation and diplopia that developed 8 nionths after monocular excimer laser phtorefractive keratectomy. So, we report this case with 8 review of the literature.
Diplopia ; Esotropia ; Humans ; Lasers, Excimer ; Photorefractive Keratectomy* ; Strabismus

There have been many reports to date regarding the role of GnRH as a local regulatory factor of ovarian function as studies of human and rat ovaries revealed GnRH and its receptor. In recent studies it has been shown that GnRH directly causes apoptosis in the granulosa cells of the rat ovary, and such results leads to the suggestion that the use of GnRH agonist for more stable long term ovarian hyperstimulation in human IVF-ET programs causes granulosa cell apoptosis which may lead to follicular atresia. Therefore this study attempts to determine if granulosa-luteal cell apoptosis occurs in patients during IVF-ET programs in which GnRH agonist is employed for ovarian hyperstimulation. The quality of oocyte-cumulus complexes obtained during ovum pickup procedures were assessed morphologically and then the fertilization rate and developmental rate was determined. Apoptotic cells among the granulosa-luteal cells obtained during the same procedure were observed after staining with Hematoxylin-rosin. The fragmentation degree of DNA extracted from granulosa-luteal cells was determined and comparatively analyzed. There was no difference in the average age of the patients, the number of oocytes retrieved, and fertilization and developmental rates between the FSH/hMG group and GnRH-long group. There was also no difference in the apoptosis rate and pyknosis rate in the granulosa-luteal cells between the two groups. However, when the oocyte-cumulus complexes were morphoogically divided into the healthy group and atretic group without regard for the method of hyperstimulation, the results showed that the number of oocytes obtained averaged 11.09+/-8.75 and 10.33+/-4.53 per cycle, respectively, showing no significant difference, but the fertilization rate (77.05%, 56.99%, respectively, p<0.01) and developmental ,ate (65.96%, 41.51%, respectively, p<0.01) was significantly increased in the healthy group when compared to the atretic group. The degree of apoptosis in the granulosa-luteal cells showed that in the healthy group it was 2.25% which was not significantly different from the atretic group (2.77%), but the pyknosis rate in the atretic group (27.81%) was significantly higher compared to the healthy group (11.35%, p<0.01). The quantity of DNA fragmentation in the FSH/hMG group was 32.22%, while in the GnRH-long group it was 34.27%, showing no significant difference. On the other hand the degree of DNA fragmentation was 39.05% and 11.83% in the healthy group and atretic group, respectively, showing significantly higher increase in the atretic group (p<0.01). The above results suggest that death of granulosa-luteal cells according to the state of the oocyte-cumulus complex is more related to pyknosis rather than apoptosis. Also, the GnRH agonist used in ovarian hyperstimulation does not seem to directly affect the apoptosis of retrieved oocytes and granulosa-luteal cells, and which is thought to be due to the suppression of the apoptogenic effect of GnRH agonist as a result of the high doses of FSH administered.
Animals ; Apoptosis* ; DNA ; DNA Fragmentation ; Female ; Fertilization ; Follicular Atresia ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone* ; Granulosa Cells ; Hand ; Humans* ; Luteal Cells ; Oocytes ; Ovary ; Ovum ; Rats

S100A6 (calcyclin) is a member of the S100 family and has been originally isolated from the cDNA library of Syrian baby hamster kidney cells. The S100A6 gene expression is reported to remain high throughout the cell cycle following induction by serum or growth factors, suggesting that the gene may be required for cell cycle progression. Nevertheless, the role that S100A6 may play in tumor progression remains unknown. In this study, we have explored the expression patterns of S100A6 gene in human thyroid tissues by northern blot analysis. Using the S100A6 monoclonal antibody, we carried out the immunohistochemical staining to determine the distribution/localization of S100A6 protein within tumor or non-tumorous cells of the thyroid. To modulate the regulation of endogenously expressed S100A6 protein in the intracellular level, overexpressed or anti-sense treated transfectant was constructed by using the eukaryotic expression vector. As a result, immunohistochemistry for S100A6 showed a strong positivity in the malignant tumors of thyroid and a high expression level of S100A6 protein affected cell proliferation in the overexpressed transfectant. These findings suggest that S100A6 may be involved in the tumor pathogenesis and provides another parameter for the differentiation of malignant and benign lesions. A well defined monoclonal antibody against S100A6 protein is now available for the immunohistochemical studies of the various thyroid tissues.
Animals ; Blotting, Northern ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Proliferation ; Cricetinae ; Gene Expression ; Gene Library ; Humans* ; Immunohistochemistry ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Kidney ; Thyroid Diseases* ; Thyroid Gland*

PURPOSE: The present study aimed to identify the characteristics and physiological function of the P2Y11 receptor, a receptor likely expressed in human retinoblastoma cells. METHODS: We measured possible P2Y11 signaling in WERI-Rb-1 cells using a Ca2+ imaging technique and RT-PCR. RESULTS: 1) 10 micro M ATP elicited a strong but transient increase in Ca2+ in the WERI-Rb-1 cells, and this Ca2+ rise was well maintained after external Ca2+-depletion. 2) ATP-induced Ca2+ response arose entirely through Ca2+ mobilization. 3) P2Y11 agonist (BzATP, 100 micro M) increased Ca2+ by 31.2+/-3.7 % of ATP effect. 4) mRNA for P2Y11 subtype was identified using RT-PCR. CONCLUSIONS: P2Y11 purinergic activation can increase the intracellular calcium level through calcium mobilization in undifferentiated retinoblastoma cells, which may play an important role in cell proliferation, differentiation, and even pathologic processes.
Adenosine Triphosphate ; Calcium ; Cell Proliferation ; Humans* ; Pathologic Processes ; Retinoblastoma* ; RNA, Messenger

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to determine the correlation of anemia and conjunctival vasculature on slit lamp biomicroscopy. METHODS: Through random sampling, 118 subjects who were either inpatients or outpatients in the hematology department were selected for examination. Palpebral conjunctival hue (PCH) and bulbar conjunctival blood column (BCBC) were observed by a single physician to whom the diagnosis and hemoglobin level of the patient were strictly masked. Three different threshold levels were defined for anemia : <10 mg/dl, <11 mg/dl, and <12 mg/dl. RESULTS: Mean hemoglobin concentration was 10.39+/-2.9 mg/dl. Sensitivity of the BCBC and PCH for anemia was 86% and 41%, respectively. Specificity of BCBC improved with increasing hemoglobin threshold level for anemia. BCBC was significantly associated only with anemia of hemoglobin <12 mg/dl (p<0.02). PCH was significantly associated only with anemia of <11 mg/dl (p<0.05). BCBC showed a significant association with anemia: sensitivity was higher and specificity was slightly less than PCH. CONCLUSIONS: It was not easy to detect moderate anemia solely on slit lamp biomicroscopic findings unless hemoglobin concentration was given. In conclusion, BCBC was useful in detecting moderate anemia than PCH.
Anemia* ; Diagnosis ; Hematology ; Humans ; Inpatients ; Masks ; Outpatients ; Sensitivity and Specificity

PURPOSE: To evaluate the functional and cosmetic results of trichiasis treatment between the argon laser epilation(Group A) and tarsotomy(Group B). METHODS: Twenty-seven patients with diffuse lower lid trichiasis, whose post-treatment follow-up periods were longer than 3 months, were reviewed retrospectively. Functionally, 14 of 16 patients(89.6%) in group A were satisfied, whereas 9 of 11 patients(84.0%) were in group B. And cosmetically, 10 of 16 patients(62.9%) in group A were satisfied, whereas 8 of 11 patients(79.0%) were in group B. The functional results were similar between the two groups(p>0.05), but the cosmetic results were better in group B than in group A(p<0.05) CONCLUSIONS: The inferior tarsotomy appears to be an effective surgical procedure in patients with diffuse lower lid trichiasis.
Argon ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Trichiasis*