This study was performed to investigate the effect of kimchi intake on free radical and oxidative substance production in young adults and the elderly. Daily kimchi intake by people in their twenties (n = 93, 20 to 29 years old) and over sixty-five (n = 143, over 65 years old) in M city were surveyed and blood was drawn to analyze the free radicals in their plasma. The average amount of kimchi intake by the subjects was 115.8 +/- 91.7 g. The amount of kimchi intake of those in their twenties (106.1 +/- 80.6 g) was significantly lower than that of those over sixty-five (125.5 +/- 102.9 g, p<0.05). Concentrations of total free radicals and OH radicals were 27 and 33% greater respectively, in those over sixty-five than in those in their twenties, indicating that more free radicals were produced by the older group. The concentration of GSH was not signiacantly different in the two groups, but that of GSSG in the over sixty-five age group was 53% greater than in the twenties group, which resulted in a 35% reduction in GSH/GSSG in the elderly group. TBARS concentration in the over sixty-five group was 26% greater than that of the twenties group. In order to see the effect of kimchi intake on free radical production, subjects in same age group were divided into two sub groups-the mean over and the mean under groups-according to the average amount of kimchi intake, which was 115.8 g. The total free radicals, the OH radicals, the GSH, the GSSG, and the GSH/GSSG in the twenties group were not significantly different in the two kimchi intake groups. However, those in the over sixty-five group were significantly different. The concentration of total free radicals and OH radicals of the mean over group were 21 and 26% lower respectively, than those of the mean ova. group (p<0.05). The GSH and GSH/GSSG of the mean ova. groups were higher by 8 and 12%, respectively. The correlation coefficient between the kimchi intake and the total free radicals was -0.1862 (p<0.05) and that for GSH/GSSG was 0.1861 (p<0.05). In conclusion, the production of free radicals and oxidative substances increased with age, and kimchi seemed to retard this phenomena.
Aged* ; Free Radicals ; Glutathione ; Glutathione Disulfide ; Humans ; Ovum ; Plasma ; Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances ; Young Adult*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationships among distress from drinking, alcohol abstinence self-efficacy and outcome expectancy in youths. METHOD: The participants in this study were 174 university students who were enrolled by convenience sampling. The data were collected from March to August, 2005. Descriptive statistics and Pearson's correlation coefficients with SPSS 12.0 were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: There were significant differences in the physical distress from drinking according to gender, age, residence, drinking frequency and drinking capacity. There were significant differences in alcohol abstinence self-efficacy by drinking frequency and drinking capacity. There were significant differences in drinking outcome expectancy according to gender, drinking frequency and drinking capacity. The physical distress from drinking showed a significant positive correlation with alcohol abstinence self-efficacy (r=.312, p=.000) and negative correlation with drinking outcome expectancy (r=-.353, p=.000). Alcohol abstinence self-efficacy showed a significant negative correlation with drinking outcome expectancy (r=-.387, p=.000). CONCLUSION: There were relationships among physical distress from drinking, alcohol abstinence self-efficacy, and drinking outcome expectancy. These findings provide the basis to prevent problems of drinking by developing alcohol control program for university students.
Adolescent ; Alcohol Drinking ; Drinking ; Humans ; Statistics as Topic ; Stress, Physiological

BACKGROUND: Fas is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)/nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor family. Triggering of the Fas receptor pathway by its ligand results in apoptosis. Soluble Fas consists of the extracellular region of Fas receptor and it binds to Fas ligand to inhibit the Fas and Fas ligand induced apoptosis. Recently some evidence indicates that the Fas/Fas ligand system represents an important pathway responsible for the induction of apoptosis in bone marrow CD34+ cells of patients with aplastic anemia. METHODS: We measured serum soluble Fas levels in 27 patients with aplastic anemia at diagnosis using ELISA to define the status of soluble Fas in this disorder. RESULTS: Levels of serum soluble Fas in patients with aplastic anemia were lower com-pared with that of normal healthy controls. No difference was noted in the serum soluble Fas levels according to severity of disease. No correlation was found between serum soluble Fas levels and hematologic parameters at diagnosis such as neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, platelet count and corrected reticulocyte count. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that serum soluble Fas levels are decreased in patients with aplastic anemia. Further studies recruiting more patients and measuring Fas receptor on peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets and bone marrow CD34+ cells concomitantly may be helpful to determine pathophysiology of bone marrow failure.
Anemia, Aplastic* ; Antigens, CD95 ; Apoptosis ; Bone Marrow ; Diagnosis ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Fas Ligand Protein ; Humans ; Lymphocyte Count ; Lymphocyte Subsets ; Neutrophils ; Platelet Count ; Reticulocyte Count ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

No abstract available.
Humans

Purpose: To analyze the association of systemic and ophthalmic disease in patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 207 patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome and 201 age-matched controls without pseudoexfoliation syndrome seen from January 2016 to January 2021. Age, sex, systemic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, and ocular disease including retinal vascular occlusion, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), glaucoma, cataract surgery rate, complications related to cataract surgery, and ocular characteristics were compared. Factors associated with pseudoexfoliation syndrome were analyzed using logistic regression. Results: The frequencies of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, AMD, glaucoma, a history of cataract surgery, and complications related to cataract surgery were significantly higher in patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome (all Ps ≤ 0.049). The pseudoexfoliation syndrome group had a significantly thinner global retinal nerve fiber layer, worse mean deviation and pattern standard deviation, and smaller dilated pupil size than the controls (all Ps < 0.001). In univariate and multivariate logistic regressions, the presence of diabetes mellitus (odds ratio [OR] = 1.613, p = 0.041), AMD (OR = 3.071, p = 0.001), and glaucoma (OR = 17.800, p < 0.001) were associated with pseudoexfoliation syndrome. Conclusions Diabetes mellitus, hypertension, AMD, and glaucoma were more frequent in pseudoexfoliation syndrome patients. Since pseudoexfoliation syndrome is closely related to AMD and glaucoma, this requires clinical consideration.

To improve our understanding of the relationship between soil higher fungi (belonging to Ascomycota and Basidiomycota) and Abies koreana, we surveyed A. koreana soil fungal communities in a forest in Mt. Halla, Jeju Island, Korea by next-generation sequencing (Illumina Miseq). To confirm the soil higher fungal communities, we collected two types of soils from a defined plot: soils with dead (AKDTs) and living A. koreana (AKLTs), respectively. Soil fungi were classified into 2 phyla, 19 classes, 64 orders, 133 families, 195 genera, and 229 OTUs (895,705 sequence reads). Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) showed significantly different soil higher fungal communities between AKDTs and AKLTs (p < .05). In addition, the saprophyte composition was significantly affected by A. koreana status (p < .05). The proportion of the mycorrhizal Clavulina spp. was different between soils with AKDTs and AKLTs, suggesting that Clavulina spp. may be a crucial soil fungal species influencing A. koreana. This study will lead to a better understanding of the ecological status of A. koreana in Mt.Halla. In addition, this study could be useful for the conservation and management of A.koreana habitats.

Mucoceles are common benign cystic lesions of the oral cavity that develop following extravasation or retention of mucous material from the major or minor salivary glands. Mucoceles are usually located in the lower lip (60 to 70% of cases), and the floor of the mouth is only involved in 6 to 15% of cases. Submandibular gland mucocele is extremely rare but should be considered in the differential diagnosis of swelling at the submandibular triangle in young children. We present the rare case of a 16-month-old child who was diagnosed with bilateral submandibular gland mucocele, presenting as serial swellings in both submandibular regions. We removed the cystic mass with the submandibular and sublingual glands to prevent recurrence.
Child ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Floors and Floorcoverings ; Humans ; Infant ; Lip ; Mouth ; Mucocele ; Recurrence ; Retention (Psychology) ; Salivary Glands, Minor ; Sublingual Gland ; Submandibular Gland

Mucoceles are common benign cystic lesions of the oral cavity that develop following extravasation or retention of mucous material from the major or minor salivary glands. Mucoceles are usually located in the lower lip (60 to 70% of cases), and the floor of the mouth is only involved in 6 to 15% of cases. Submandibular gland mucocele is extremely rare but should be considered in the differential diagnosis of swelling at the submandibular triangle in young children. We present the rare case of a 16-month-old child who was diagnosed with bilateral submandibular gland mucocele, presenting as serial swellings in both submandibular regions. We removed the cystic mass with the submandibular and sublingual glands to prevent recurrence.
Child ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Floors and Floorcoverings ; Humans ; Infant ; Lip ; Mouth ; Mucocele ; Recurrence ; Retention (Psychology) ; Salivary Glands, Minor ; Sublingual Gland ; Submandibular Gland

Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Humans ; Incisor ; Lip ; Mandible ; Maxilla ; Orthognathic Surgery ; Osteotomy ; Osteotomy, Sagittal Split Ramus ; Spine

BACKGROUND: Previous studies suggest that systemic administration of agmatine, endogenous ligand for imidazoline receptors has anti-hypernociceptive effects in experimental animal. However the peripheral effects of agmatine on inflammatory pain have not yet been elucidated. Here we examined the effects of intra-articular injection of agmatine in the induction and maintenance phase of arthritic pain. In addition, we sought to determine the potential contribution of imidazoline and alpha(2)-adrenergic receptors to the antinociceptive effects using clonidine which is mixed alpha(2)-adrenoceptor and imidazoline receptor agonist. METHODS: To induce arthritis in rats, 2% lambda-carrageenan (50microliter, in saline) was injected into the joint of the right hind limb under enflurane anesthesia. Either agmatine (10, 50, 100microgram/40microliter) or clonidine (10, 50, 100microgram/40microliter) was injected into the knee joint cavity immediately before or 4 hr after carrageenan injection. Weight load tests were performed to measure pain-related behavior in freely walking rats. RESULTS: The intraarticular injection of agmatine into the knee joint had no effects in the both phase of induction and maintenance of arthritic pain at any dose tested. However, injection of clonidine reversed arthritic pain, when injected 4 h after carrageenan injection. CONCLUSIONS: In rats, agmatine has no peripheral effect on inflammatory pain and imidazoline receptors in the periphery may not contribute to the anti-inflammatory pain.
Agmatine ; Anesthesia ; Animals ; Arthritis ; Carrageenan ; Clonidine ; Enflurane ; Extremities ; Imidazoline Receptors ; Inflammation ; Injections, Intra-Articular ; Joints ; Knee ; Knee Joint ; Rats ; Walking