In the summer of 1969 from July through October, authors carried out a study of susceptibility in adult female bed bug(Cimex lectularius) in order to ascertain any development of resistance to insecticides in Korea. The test to DDT and Dieldrin was performed in laboratory by the continuous exposure of residues method, with standard impregnated paper used for adult mosqitoes. Some results so far obtained can be summarised as follows: LC(50) were 2.839% in DDT and 0.167% in Dieldrin. The resistance has been arisen 2.4-2.9 times in DDT and 1.6-2.4 times in Dieldrin as compared with London laboratory strain, but they were susceptible 1.4 times in DDT and 180 times in Dieldrin as compared to Israel resistance strain.
parasitology-arthropodology-bed bug-Cimex lectularius ; prevention ; chemotherapy ; resistance ; DDT ; dieldrin

The incidence of synchronous gastric cancer is variously reported to be 2.07%, 5.22%, 6.5%, 8.6%, or 9% and has been increasing recently, probably with advance in the diagnosis of gastric cancer. Our case in presentation is a 70-year-old male patient who had total gastrectomy and esopbagiojunostomy done for synchronous four gastric cancer. Each has different histologic types, Some of these lesions are not suspected before operation and are found almost by chance during histologic examinations after surgery performed only to remove main lesion. So we report this case with a review of literatures.
Aged ; Diagnosis ; Gastrectomy ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Stomach Neoplasms*

Objectives: Cheyne-Stokes respiration (CSR) is frequently found in critically ill patients and is associated with poor prognosis. However, CSR has not been evaluated in neurocritical patients. This study investigated the frequency and prognostic impact of CSR in neurocritical patients using biosignal big data obtained from intensive care units. Methods: This study included all patients who received neurocritical care at the tertiary hospital from January 2018 to December 2019. Clinical information and biosignal data of intensive care units were used and analyzed. The respiratory curve was visually assessed to determine whether CSR and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) were present, and a heart rate variability (HRV) was obtained from the electrocardiogram. Results: CSR was confirmed in 166 of 406 patients (40.9%). Patients with CSR were older, had a higher frequency of cardiovascular risk factors as well as heart failure, and had a poor outcome (modified Rankin scale ≥4). As a result of multiple regression analysis adjusted for other variables, CSR was significantly associated with poor outcome with an odds ratio of 2.27 times higher (95% confidence interval 1.25–4.14, p=0.007). HRV analysis demonstrated that CSR and OSA had distinct autonomic characteristics. Conclusions This study first revealed the substantial frequency of CSR in neurocritical patients and suggests that it can be used as a predictor of poor prognosis in neurocritical care.

Ferrocholinate, choline citrate iron salt is a new chelate iron which is synthesized by reacting ferric hydroxide with choline dihydrogen citrate. Ferrocholinate is used in the prevention and treatment of microcytic, hypochromic anemias due to iron deficiency. Ferrocholinate does not release high concentrations of free ionic iron in the gastrointestinal tract and clinical reports, although limited, seem to indicate that this drug is better tolerarated than is ferrous sulfate or ferrous gluconate. Ferrocholinate : syrup was administered to 19 patients of iron deficiency anemia. Ferrocholinate was administered orally. Therapeutic dosage was 1.2cc/kg (elementary iron 6mg/kg) divided three times daily. The results were obtained as follows. (Table 1) 1) In this clinical trials, the over-all effective rate was 84.2% 2) There was no effect on 3 cases who have combined with severe infection and congenital heart disease. 3) Of the 19 patients, 2 patients complained transient nausea and 1 patient mild diarrhea. These symptoms, however, disappeared along with continued therapy.
Anemia, Hypochromic ; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency* ; Child* ; Choline ; Citric Acid ; Diarrhea ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Humans ; Iron* ; Nausea

Total anomalous pulmonary venous return(connection) is a congenital heart disease. Especially, the reports of the patients with double connections of all pulmonary veins were rare. An infant who underwent operation for total anomalous pulmonary venous return had double drainge of all pulmonary veins to both left vertical vein and anomalous descending vein. This second lesion was not diagnosed preoperatively, but in operative field. Operative treatments were performed by ligation of left vertical vein and central pulmonary vein-to-left atrium anastomosis without ligation of the descending anomalous vein. For these less common variants fo total anomalous pulmonary venous return,a more detailed and precise understanding of morphology can facilitate accurate surgical repair. And also, early detection of the disease is an another issue for a good prognosis.
Heart Defects, Congenital ; Humans ; Infant ; Ligation ; Prognosis ; Pulmonary Veins ; Scimitar Syndrome* ; Veins

No abstract available.
Adult* ; Atherosclerosis* ; Cholesterol* ; Humans ; Korea*

No abstract available.
Hyperaldosteronism*

Three combinations of cloths were evaluated for the protective effects of different kinds of clothings in cold environments. Table 1 shows tile components of tile three models of clothings. A prototype was made by putting a sheet of vinyl at the middle layer of raw cotton in a fabric-quilt cloths. A glove mannequin was covered by each of these cloths. The globes contained 1,000 cc of hot water about 40 degrees C. Tele-thermisters were fixed in order to check the temperature of cloths space and water temperature for evaluation of caloric-loss and climate of clothings. Results are summarized as follows : 1) Without wind, there is no significant difference of air temperatures between ski-parka and quilt wear clothing. 2) The prototype with vinyl sheet best protects against wind, the next is the ski-parka. Quilt-wear protects the least. 3) It is well-known that a working-clothing needs not have any separate liners nor outers. 4) For innermost layer of a clothing preventing cold, a cotton-fabrics is recommended and a water-proof cloths for outer layer. 5) Heat-loss was calculated from the cooling degrees of water. Calorie-loss was 910ca1/m2/hr. when bared, but with the prototype of vinyl sheets the calorie-loss was 350cal/m2/hr. (38.5% of bared). Quilt-wear and ski-parka were 380(41.8%) and 440 cal/m2/hr. (48.4%) respectively.
Climate ; Clothing* ; Manikins ; Water ; Wind*

BACKGROUND: The gaitaids are helpful for the patients of gait disturbance, but there was no study about the quantitative assessment of the effectiveness of gaitaids of several different types. But proper use of gaitaids is important for the disabled who is suffered from falls with or without trauma. The appropriate prescription of gaitaids is coming from the objective assessment for gaitaids. METHODS: We evaluated the 'balance index(BI)', which is originally suggested assessment scale by author, for the five different gaitaids :mono-cane, quad-cane, forearm crutch, axillary crutch, walker We assessed the difference of B.1 with or without using each gaitaids examined by 50 healthy adults and 20 stroke patients. RESULTS: The BI in the normal adult was 34.5+/-2.7, and 21.0+/-6.9 in the stroke patients. The balance index o( walker user was 37.6+/-1.4, which was the highest score. The BI of quad-cane was 30.1 +/-4.8, which was the next highest score and the BI of mono-cane, forearm crutch, axillary crutch were 25.5+/-5.6, 25.5+/-5.7, 25.5+/-5.4, which were lower than that of quad-cane. CONCLUSION: It can be suggested that the walker is the most effective for the support balance on gait and the quad-cane is more effective than mono-cane or crutches for balance support.
Adult ; Canes ; Crutches ; Forearm ; Gait ; Humans ; Prescriptions ; Stroke ; Walkers

PURPOSE: We reviewed 5 years worth of experience with peritoneal drainage and dialysis in infants who underwent open heart surgery. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of peritoneal drainage and peritoneal dialysis on fluid balance and several parameters of intensive care. METHODS: Six(10%) of 60 consecutive infants who underwent open heart surgery required peritoneal dialysis during peritoneal drainage. Simple peritoneal drainage was performed in the remaining 54 infants. The silicone rubber peritoneal dialysis catheter was inserted into the center of abdominal cavity just after operation, and subsequent peritoneal drainage was maintained during intensive care. RESULTS: Mean age of the study group was 0.48+/-0.21 years(M: F=32: 28). Early postoperative mortality amang the infants with congenital heart disease was 1.6%. Total amount of output was 7.0+/-2.28mL/kg/hr, urine output 5.14+/-2.9lmL/kg/hr, pleural fluid 0.80+/-0.5lmL/kg/hr, and peritoneal fluid 1.20+/-0.90mL/kg/hr. The ratio of output to intake(O/I) was 1.06. None of the complications required early termination of peritoneal drainage or peritoneal dialysis. Hemodynamics and pulmonary function were maintained steadily during postoperative intensive care. CONCLUSION: The early institution of peritoneal drainage and peritoneal dialysis in infants with congenital heart disease after cardiac operations not only removes fluid, thus easing fluid restriction, but may also improve cardiopulmonary function.
Abdominal Cavity ; Ascitic Fluid ; Catheters ; Dialysis ; Drainage* ; Heart Defects, Congenital* ; Heart* ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Infant* ; Critical Care ; Mortality ; Peritoneal Dialysis ; Silicone Elastomers ; Thoracic Surgery ; Water-Electrolyte Balance