BACKGROUND: Onychomycosis is very common nail problem, so an in xpensive, quick and sensitive test is essential for screening nail specimens. Recently, there is a report of new method for diagnosing onychomycosis u.;ing KOH treated nail clippings which vri then crushed and finally stained with periodic acid-Schifft(PAS) stain (KONCPA). OBJECTIVE: We evaluate the susefulness of the new methods using KOH treated nail clippings and nail debris which were then crushed and finally stained with FS (KONPA) or chlorazol black E(KONBE), for the diagriosis of onychomycosis. METHODS: We compare different methods for diagnosing onychonycisis such as KOH stains, fungal cultures, histologic evaluation, SEM, KONCPA, KONBE, and KOHJPA. RESULTS: KONPA was proved to be more effective indentifying uiigal hyphae in comparison with conventional KOH nail scraping preparation, fungal culture, and FONBE. The positive rates of each method were 74%, 46%, 43%, and 63%, respectively. Also, KENPA proved to be more rapid and easy to perform in cotnparison to the histologic evaluation of tiail clippings and SEM. CONCLUSION: KONPA is a sensitive, quick, and readily available teled for use in clinical settings in cases that are highy siispected to be onychomycosis clinicaly, but show negative results using conventional methods
Coloring Agents ; Hyphae ; Mass Screening ; Onychomycosis*

Recently the internal rigid fixation with plates and screws became popular procedure. In the cases of the zygomatic fracture, it is sufficient to fix more than 2 point in many studies. Therefore, the internal rigid fixation requires the aggressive incision to expose the zygoma, such as coronal incision. Since many patients are afraid of this aggressive operation, we have provided a simple and effective method which is a 3-dimensional one point fixation on the zygomaticofrontal suture with X-shaped(6-hole) miniplate for the treatment of zygomatic fractures. From March 1995 to september 1995, we treated 13 cases of zygomatic fractures by open reduction and X-shaped miniplate fixation on the zygomaticofrontal suture. The results were as follows: 1) plane to plane contact on each side of the fracture with one point X-shaped miniplate. 2) 91.8% correction on Water's views, and 93.3% correction on zygomatic arch view with one point fixation. 3) patients were satisfied with these procedures because of minimal incision, mild edema and low operation price (short operation & anesthetic time, one plate & 6 screws cost).
Edema ; Humans ; Sutures ; Zygoma ; Zygomatic Fractures*

Oil granuloma develops mainly after injection of oil substances such as paraffin, silicone, etc, but there have been reports of oil granuloma after topical application of lipid substance to the body. A 22-year-old woman developed oil granuloma after the application of squalene on both lower eye-lids. Histopathologic findings ahowed acanthosis and dyskeratosis of the hair follicles. Lipid suketances staining with oil-red-O stain were found mainly on the hair follicles. and partly on the epidermis. We report a case of oil grinulorna caused by squalerie that may have penetrated through the hair follicles and partly through the epidermis resulting in chronic granulous changes in the dermis.
Dermis ; Epidermis ; Eyelids* ; Female ; Granuloma* ; Hair Follicle ; Humans ; Paraffin ; Silicones ; Squalene* ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: Lower caliceal stones treated with ESWL do fail to pass more frequently than middle or upper caliceal stones. We analyzed the results of ESWL of renal caliceal stones according to the location of calix. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed the stone-free rate in 119 caliceal stone patients treated with 3rd generation lithotriptor, EDAP LT-02 according to the caliceal location of the stone. Location of the stones were upper calix in 30, middle calix in 30, and lower calix in 59 patients. RESULTS: Stone-free rate was 90.0%(27/30 patients) in middle caliceal stones, 74.6%(44/59 patients) in lower caliceal stones, and 66.7%(20/30 patients) in upper caliceal stones. CONCLUSIONS: Stone-free rate of lower caliceal stones is higher than upper caliceal stones.
Humans ; Lithotripsy* ; Shock*

No abstract available.
Pre-Eclampsia*

We report two cases of cutaneous oveilap syndrome in a 30-year-old woman and a 63-year-old woman. Histologically two cases showed characteristic findings of morphea and LE simultaneously in the same lesion. In case 1, direct immunofluoieence findings showed granular deposits of IgM, IgG, IgA along the dermoepidermal junction and antinuclear antibody test showed 1:80 positive finding. 1n case 2, direct immunofluoreaene findings were negative, but histopathologic findings showed distinct hydropic degeneration of the cell layer and thickening of basement membrane zone with the characteristic findings of morch. For the treatment, oral prednisolone(10mg/day), intralesicna triamcinolone injection and hydroxychloroquine(200rng/day), intralesional triamcinolone injection were performed respectively, but both two cases were not much improved.
Adult ; Antibodies, Antinuclear ; Basement Membrane ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin A ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulin M ; Middle Aged ; Scleroderma, Localized ; Triamcinolone

PURPOSE: To investigate the clinical effects of orthokeratology lens wear on inhibition of the progression of Korean myopia and astigmatism. METHODS: The authors reviewed out-patient records of 144 eyes of 74 patients wearing orthokeratology lenses. The cycloplegic refraction and keratometry before and after wearing the lens were compared. The 190 eyes wearing spectacles were included into the control group. We evaluated the relationship between orthokeratology lens wear and control group according to age, initial myopia, initial astigmatism, myopic progression, astigmatic progression and duration of orthokeratology lens wearing. RESULTS: The mean cycloplegic refractive error of spherical equivalent was -3.36 +/- 1.96 diopters (D) in the patients wearing orthokeratology lenses, the mean astigmatism was -0.86 +/- 0.72 D, and the mean wearing period was 3.41 +/- 1.5 years. The mean myopic progression was 0.25 +/- 0.31 D in lens wearing, and 0.62 +/- 0.39 D in glasses wearing, respectively. There were statistically significant differences between lens and glasses wearing group (t-test, p < 0.01). The mean astigmatic progression was 0.06 +/- 0.22 D in lens wearing, and 0.15 +/- 0.21 D in glasses wearing control group respectively, and the results also show statistically significant differences (t-test, p < 0.01). There were no relationships between two groups as for age, initial myopia, initial astigmatism and duration of orthokeratology lens wearing (t-test, p > 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The orthokeratology lens was found to be effective in suppression of the progression of Korean myopia and astigmatism, compared with the glasses.
Astigmatism ; Eye ; Eyeglasses ; Glass ; Humans ; Myopia ; Outpatients ; Refractive Errors

Horace N. Allen, an American physician, was a Presbyterian missionary to Korea. In 1886, he wrote the annual report of the Korean government hospital, summarizing patient statistics according to outpatient and inpatient classification for the first ever in Korean history. In the report, he speculated that hemoptysis cases of outpatient might have been mainly caused by distoma. Allen’s conjecture was noteworthy because only a few years lapsed since the first scientific report of paragonimiasis. However, he was not sure of his assumption either because it was not evidently supported by proper microscopic or post-mortem examinations. In this letter, we thus revisit his assumption with our parasitological data recently obtained from Joseon period mummies.
Autopsy ; Classification ; Hemoptysis ; Humans ; Inpatients ; Korea ; Missionaries ; Mummies ; Outpatients ; Paragonimiasis ; Prevalence ; Protestantism

STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study. OBJECTIVES: To examine the radiologic and clinical results of patients classified as excessive translation and excessive angulation, treated by posterolateral fusion only, or posterolateral fusion with posterior lumbar interbody fusion in isthmic spondylolisthesis. SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW: Isthmic spondylolisthesis is usually treated by PLF only or PLF with PLIF. But it is not reported the clinical and radiologic results classified by translation type. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients who had received surgery for spondylolisthesis between January 2005 to January 2010, there were 56 for whom follow-up observations were possible for 2 years. According to the fusion methods and preoperative flexion-extension simple radiograph, we classified as excessive translation and excessive angulation by segmental instability and as PLF and PLIF by surgical methods. We examine the clinical results(Visual Analogue Scale, Oswestry Distability Index, operation time, blood loss, complication rate) and the radiologic results(reduction rate of slippage, change of segmental angle, reduction ratio of disc height, bone union). RESULTS: In radiologic results, excessive angulation(group II) did not show significant difference from excessive translation(group I) in terms of reduction rate of slippage, change of segmental angle, reduction ratio of disc height, bone union. But we found excessive translation-PLIF(group I-B) was better than excessive translation-PLF(group I-A) and excessive angulation-PLIF(group II-B) was better than excessive angulation-PLF(II-A) in terms of reduction ratio of disc height(P<0.05). In clinical results, both sides group did not show significant difference in operation time, blood loss, complication rate. CONCLUSIONS: In spondylolisthesis patients, excessive translation group(I) and excessive angulation group(II) did not show significant difference in radiologic results and clinical results. But both sides group showed the PLF with PLIF was better than the PLF only in terms of reduction ratio of disc height.
Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Spondylolisthesis

A histopathological study was carried out on the duodenum of mice and rats experimentally infected by F. seoulensis. Each mouse was infected wit 500 metacercariae and killed after 1, 2, 3 days, 1 and 2 weeks from infection. Each rat was given 1,000 metacercariae and was examined after 1, 2, and 4 weeks from infection. The duodenal tissue sections of mice and rats were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and PAS stained for the rats of 1 week group. The pathological findings are summarized as below. There were no differences in mucosal findings between the mice and the rats, adn between the location of duodenum, 1 and 5 cm distal to the pylorus. Each worm embraced a villus exclusively with its foliate forebody which was inserted into the intervillous spaces. The fluke pinched villous epithelia using its oral and ventral suckers. The tribocytic organ destroyed the villous epithelia deeply up to the stroma after 3 days from infection. Apparent villous changes were observed in the mice after 3 days from infection. Villous changes were shortening, widening, blunting or fusion. The villous stroma showed edema, microscopic hemorrhage, capillary congestion, dilatation of lymphatics and inflammatory cell infiltration. The cells were lymphocytes, plasma cells, eosinophils and giant cells. Rarely submucosal and transmural inflammation was encountered.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda ; Fibricola seoulensis ; histology ; pathology ; intestine ; rat