No abstract available.
Antioxidants* ; Glutathione* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Drug Therapy*

We analyzed ERCP findings of 15 patients with clonorchiasis, that were confirmed by stool examination and operation from May, 1976 to September, 1980. The results were as follows. 1) Filling defects due to adult worm of clonorchis sinensis were significant direct findings of clonorchiasis. 2) Irregular stenosis, fuzziness, raggedness, peripheral dilation and disturbance of peripheral filling of intrahepatic bile ducts were significant indirect findings of clonorchiasis. 3) ERCP was excellent method to evaluate biliary tree in patients with clonorchiasis, who showed obstructive jaundice.
Adult ; Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic ; Biliary Tract ; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde* ; Clonorchiasis* ; Clonorchis sinensis ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Humans ; Jaundice, Obstructive

No abstract available.
Brain Neoplasms* ; Brain* ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon*

PURPOSE: Measurement of body fat in obese children is useful not only in evaluating health hazard but also in establishing standards of treatment and evaluating the effectiveness of treatment. In the field of clinical and laboratory study, there are various methods with different reliability, propriety, convenience, and expenses. However, the practical value of these studies is limited in Korea, especially in the field of pediatrics, therefore we investigated the correlation of body fat measurement methods to establish the basis for the practical use in children. METHODS: The study is based on the records of a total of 32 cases who visited the pediatric obesity clinics at Chung-Ang University Yong San Hospital from April 2003 to September 2003. We measured the height, weight, waist-hip ratio obesity degree and body mass index. Then we analyzed the correlation of these manual measurement data with the results of bioelectrical impedance analysis(BIA), Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry(DEXA). RESULTS: The body mass index was correlated with the quantity of body fat(r=0.805, P=0.000), the ratio of body fat(r=0.437, P=0.012), and the ratio of abdominal fat(r=0.458, P=0.008) in DEXA. The obesity degree was correlated only with the ratio of body fat(r=0.358, P=0.044) in DEXA. The body composition measured by BIA and DEXA showed significant correlation with the quantity of body fat(r=0.953, P=0.000) and the ratio of body fat(r=0.578, P=0.001), but the ratios of abdominal fat were not correlated with each other. CONCLUSION: Body mass index is more accurate compared with obesity degree. In addition, BIA can be utilized competitively in screening of body fat, although it is limited in measuring localized fat distribution when compared with DEXA.
Abdominal Fat ; Adipose Tissue* ; Body Composition ; Body Mass Index ; Child* ; Electric Impedance ; Humans ; Korea ; Mass Screening ; Obesity ; Pediatric Obesity ; Pediatrics ; Waist-Hip Ratio

BACKGROUND: In patients with mitral stenosis, the degree of pulmonary hypertension is expected to be related to the severity of mitral valve obstruction. However, some patients with severe mitral stenosis do not develop reactive pulmonary hypertension. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We evaluated 34 patients with symptomatic mitral stenosis undergoing percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty by clinical, echocardiographic, and invasive hemodynamic(cardiac cathrterization) data. Prevalvuloplasty data were available in 34 subjects[mean age 38+/-9 year ; women 74% ; NYHA class 1 (6 patients), class 2 (17 patients), class 3 (7 patients), class 4 (4 patients) ; in electrocardiography, NSR(23 patients), Atrial fibrillation(11 patients)]. RESULTS: 1) The pulmonary vascular bed gradient was significantly correlated with pulmonary vascular resistance(r=0.91), mean pulmonary artery pressure(r=0.82), transmitral mean pressure gradient(r=0.64) and mitral valve area(r=-0.48). The pulmonary vascular resistance was significantly correlated with mena pulmonary artery pressure(r=0.77), transmiral mean pressure gradient(r=0.61) and mitral valve area(r=-0.54), NYHA functional classification(r=0.36). However, the pulmonary vascular bed gradient and pulmonary vascular resistance was not significantly correlated with age, sex, cardiac output, the severity of mitral regurgitation and mean left atrial pressure. 2) The mean pulmonary artery pressure was significantly correlated with mean left atrial pressure(r=0.80), transmitral mean pressure gradient(r=0.72) and mitral valve area(r=-0.47). 3) When patients were divided into those with a pulmonary vascular bed gradient > 12mmHg and Atrial Pressure ; Cardiac Output ; Echocardiography ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Heart Diseases ; Humans ; Hypertension, Pulmonary* ; Mitral Valve ; Mitral Valve Insufficiency ; Mitral Valve Stenosis* ; Pulmonary Artery ; Vascular Resistance

Scrotal swelling may be acute or chronic, painful or painless. Common causes of scrotal swelling in newborns are hydrocele, inguinal hernia, testicular torsion, testicular tumor, scrotal hematoma, meconium peritonitis and epididymitis. Abrupt onset of a painful scrotal swelling necessitates prompt evaluation. Testicular torsion and incarcerated inguinal hernia require urgent surgical management. We report a case of scrotal swelling caused by a tunica vaginalis abscess in a 20-days-old boy. He was admitted to the hospital due to fever, irritability and left scrotal swelling with local heat, tenderness and redness. Exploratory laparotomy was performed to rule out testicular torsion. On the operative field, congestive erythematous inflammation on the left tunica vaginalis was noted and it was filled with a pus like discharge. The cultured organism was Streptococcus agalactiae(group B). He recovered quickly after debridement and administration of empirical antibiotics.
Abscess* ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Debridement ; Epididymitis ; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) ; Fever ; Hematoma ; Hernia, Inguinal ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Inflammation ; Laparotomy ; Male ; Meconium ; Peritonitis ; Spermatic Cord Torsion ; Streptococcus ; Suppuration

To elucidate iron utilization patterns of Staphylococcus aureus according to the growth, we checked the residual iron concentration and the production of siderophores at the indicated times while culturing S. aureus ATCC 6538 and 25923 strains in brain heart infusion broth. By using streptonigrin susceptibility test and investigating growth curves in three culture media of which iron concentration is 0.2, 20, 45 uM, respectively, we found out that iron metabolism of 6538 strain was more active than that of 25923 strain. In point of tendency of iron consumption, 6538 strain steeply consumed iron just before the onset of stationary phase, but 25923 strain did gradually iron throughout the growth phase. Nevertheless, total amount of iron consumed by each strain during the growth was almost no difference between the strains. CAS diffusion assay in detecting siderophores showed that siderophore production followed iron consumption. These results suggest that the siderophores play significant role in iron utilization in vitro.
Brain ; Culture Media ; Diffusion ; Heart ; Iron* ; Metabolism ; Siderophores ; Staphylococcus aureus* ; Staphylococcus* ; Streptonigrin

BACKGROUND/AIMS: We examined the effects of cilostazol on mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity and its relationship with cilostazol-mediated protection against apoptosis in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated endothelial cells. METHODS: Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were exposed to LPS and cilostazol with and without specific inhibitors of MAPKs; changes in MAPK activity in association with cell viability and apoptotic signaling were investigated. RESULTS: Cilostazol protected HUVECs against LPS-induced apoptosis by suppressing the mitochondrial permeability transition, cytosolic release of cytochrome c, and subsequent activation of caspases, stimulating extracellullar signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) and p38 MAPK signaling, and increasing phosphorylated cAMPresponsive element-binding protein (CREB) and Bcl-2 expression, while suppressing Bax expression. These cilostazol-mediated cellular events were effectively blocked by MAPK/ERK kinase (MEK1/2) and p38 MAPK inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS: Cilostazol protects HUVECs against LPS-induced apoptosis by suppressing mitochondriadependent apoptotic signaling. Activation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPKs, and subsequent stimulation of CREB phosphorylation and Bcl-2 expression, may be responsible for the cellular signaling mechanism of cilostazolmediated protection.
Apoptosis/*drug effects ; Caspases/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Survival/drug effects ; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein/metabolism ; Cytochromes c/metabolism ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Endothelial Cells/*drug effects/enzymology/pathology ; Humans ; Lipopolysaccharides/*toxicity ; Mitochondrial Membrane Transport Proteins/drug effects/metabolism ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors/*pharmacology ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism ; Signal Transduction/*drug effects ; Tetrazoles/*pharmacology ; Time Factors ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein/metabolism ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism

BACKGROUND: Moyamoya disease is a chronic cerebrovascular disorders in which stenosis of the major arteries of the circle of Willis at the base of the skull progresses to occlusion. We observed two kinds of collateral pathways from the extracranial to the intracranial arteries. Also we evaluated clinlcal and neuroimaging features of moyamoya disease to give on aid in diagnosis. METHODS: We analysed 17 patients with moyamoya disease through the medical record and neuroimaging (conventional angiography and/or MR angiography) review. Six out of 17 patients were children(< OR =15 years) and the other 11 patients were adults(15 years). There were 8 males and 9 females. RESULTS: In our result, moyamoya disease was more common in the adult. There was bimodal age distribution, so average age of onset in children was 8-year-old and in adult 37-year-old. Common clinical features are seizure (66%), TIA (17%), and psychotic behavior (17%) in childrens and hemorrhages (73%), infarction (18%), seizures (9%) in adults. According to angiographic staging classification of Suzuki et al. (1967), our cases showed distribution of stage I (13%), stage II (8.8%), stage III (65.3%), stage IV (4.3%), stage V (4.3%), stage VI (4.3%). In collateral vessels of moyamoya disease, there were 7 cases of ethmoidal moyamoya, 3 of vault moyamoya and 1 of mixed form. It is interesting that there were five cases of unilateral moyamoya disease and one case had pseudoaneurysm. CONCLUSION: According to our results, we may say that seizures are common in the children and hemorrhages are in the adult. Unilateral moyamoya were mainly occurred in the adult. Ethmoidal collaterals were common among collaterals and stage III had a more cases than others in our neuroimaging data. These clinical and neuroimaging data may help interpretation and diagnosis of moyamoya disease.
Adult ; Age Distribution ; Age of Onset ; Aneurysm, False ; Angiography ; Arteries ; Cerebrovascular Disorders ; Child ; Circle of Willis ; Classification ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Infarction ; Male ; Medical Records ; Moyamoya Disease* ; Neuroimaging* ; Seizures ; Skull