This study was carried out to develop a Korean language version of Zung's self-rating anxiety scale(SAS) from august, 1994 to September, 1996. The subjects consisted of 205 normal control subjects from the general population group, and 97 subjects with anxiety disorders. These 97 subjects were chosen from a group by the structured clinical interview for DSM-IV of in patients and out patients. Both normal control subjects and anxiety disorder subjects were drawn utilizing a cluster of sampling methods. In order to analyze the data on anxiety scores, Pearson's product moment correlation coefficient method was carried out, as well as reliability, factor analysis and discrimina;it function analysis, utilizing the SPSS/PC+ program. The results obtained were - as follows: The mean average of the total anxiety scores were 32.36 + 6.35 for the normal control subjects and 50.53 + 7.67 for anxiety disorder subjects. Test-retest reliability(coefficient r=0.98, p < 0.001), and internal consistency(coefficient r=0.96, p < 0.001) were satisfactory. Factor analysis using oblique technique rotation yielded four factors. _ The . normal control subjects scored higher concerning the symptoms such as sweating, restlessness, apprehension, insomnia and dyspnea, and lower for faintness, mental disintegration, paresthesia, dizziness and .tremor. On the other hand, for the anxiety disorders, apprehension, restlessness, sweating, dyspnea and insomnia scored higher, and lower for faintness, paresthesia, nightmare, dizziness and tremor.
Anxiety Disorders ; Anxiety* ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Dizziness ; Dreams ; Dyspnea ; Hand ; Humans ; Outpatients ; Paresthesia ; Population Groups ; Psychomotor Agitation ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders ; Sweat ; Sweating ; Tremor

BACKGROUND: Onychomycosis is very common nail problem, so an in xpensive, quick and sensitive test is essential for screening nail specimens. Recently, there is a report of new method for diagnosing onychomycosis u.;ing KOH treated nail clippings which vri then crushed and finally stained with periodic acid-Schifft(PAS) stain (KONCPA). OBJECTIVE: We evaluate the susefulness of the new methods using KOH treated nail clippings and nail debris which were then crushed and finally stained with FS (KONPA) or chlorazol black E(KONBE), for the diagriosis of onychomycosis. METHODS: We compare different methods for diagnosing onychonycisis such as KOH stains, fungal cultures, histologic evaluation, SEM, KONCPA, KONBE, and KOHJPA. RESULTS: KONPA was proved to be more effective indentifying uiigal hyphae in comparison with conventional KOH nail scraping preparation, fungal culture, and FONBE. The positive rates of each method were 74%, 46%, 43%, and 63%, respectively. Also, KENPA proved to be more rapid and easy to perform in cotnparison to the histologic evaluation of tiail clippings and SEM. CONCLUSION: KONPA is a sensitive, quick, and readily available teled for use in clinical settings in cases that are highy siispected to be onychomycosis clinicaly, but show negative results using conventional methods
Coloring Agents ; Hyphae ; Mass Screening ; Onychomycosis*

No abstract available.
DNA* ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms*

Reactive perforating collagenosis, first described by Mehregan et al in ]967, is a skin disorder characterized by transepidermal eliniination of altered collagen fibers. This rare disease appears as recurrent, umbilicated, crusted papules in response to minor trauma. We report here a case of reactive perforating collagenosis in a 21-year-old man. Examination of the skin revealed a number of centrally umbilicated, asymptomatic papules filled with keratotic plugs in various development and regression. The lesions were distributed on the dorsa of the hands, face, and neck. The biopsy spccimen showed a few of thin bundles of collagen which v ere extruded from the dermis through the atrophic epidermis and the turinels within the epidermis, reaching the buttom of the plug.
Biopsy ; Collagen ; Dermis ; Epidermis ; Hand ; Humans ; Neck ; Rare Diseases ; Skin ; Young Adult

Lung cancer is the most common malignant tumor worldwide and its incidence continues to rise each year. Recent development of molecular biologic method has led to advances in determining the etiologic factors of lung cancer and the establishment of cell lines has provided a lot of information on the through chemosensitivity, radiation biology studies, cytogenetics, and molecular biologic studies, which permits improved treatment for lung cancer. We established a small cell lung cancer cell line, designated JePa-1, obtained from malignant pericardial effusion of small cell lung cancer patient and characterized its morphologic and molecular biologic features. the JePa-1 cell line grew relatively slowly (doubling time 45hrs) as very loosely adherent floating aggregates growing in small clumps with distinct cell outlines and intertwined cords. Also JePa-1 cell line secreted antidiuretic hormones. Electronmicroscopic examination revealed that JePa-1 cell line and xenografts contained electron dense core granules, characteristic of being of neuroendocrine origin. To investigate the tumorigenic capacity, the JePa-1 cell line was injected into SCID and nude mice. Tumors taken from xenografts were observed in 3 out of 4 of the SCID mice and 2 out of 4 of the nude mice. The histologic characteristics of the xenografts were similar to those of the cell line and the original cytologic finding of the pericardial fluid, suggesting small cell carcinoma. The results of immunohistochemical markers showed reactivity for Rb protein, c-myc, TGF-alpha, TGF-beta , EGFR, keratin, NSE, chromogranin, and EMA. The DNA ploidy and the index of the JePa-1 cells was tetraploid and 2.13, respectively. The positive rate for the Rb, c-myc and K-ras proteins of the JePa-1 cell line were 98.9%, 99.3%, and 99.7% respectively as determined by flow cytometry. Cytogenetic analysis using the G-banding technique showed 65 chromosomes with various numerical and structural abnormalities. On examination of the expression of TGF-alpha, TGF-beta , and EGFR by PCR, only the EGFR was positive Through the establishment of JePa-1 cell line, we report in this paper the characterization of a small cell lung cancer such as morphologic and immunocytochemical features, growth characteristics in culture, hormone production, expression of oncoprotein and several growth factors, tumorigenicity, chromosomal abnormalities, and DNA ploidy and index. The JePa-1 cell line will be valuable in vitro studies for the etiology, treatment and the prognostic factors in small cell lung cancer.
Animals ; Carcinoma, Small Cell ; Cell Line ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Cytogenetic Analysis ; Cytogenetics ; DNA ; Flow Cytometry ; Heterografts ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Incidence ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Lung Neoplasms ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Mice, SCID ; Pericardial Effusion ; Ploidies ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Radiobiology ; Retinoblastoma Protein ; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma* ; Tetraploidy ; Transforming Growth Factor alpha ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; Vasopressins

Oil granuloma develops mainly after injection of oil substances such as paraffin, silicone, etc, but there have been reports of oil granuloma after topical application of lipid substance to the body. A 22-year-old woman developed oil granuloma after the application of squalene on both lower eye-lids. Histopathologic findings ahowed acanthosis and dyskeratosis of the hair follicles. Lipid suketances staining with oil-red-O stain were found mainly on the hair follicles. and partly on the epidermis. We report a case of oil grinulorna caused by squalerie that may have penetrated through the hair follicles and partly through the epidermis resulting in chronic granulous changes in the dermis.
Dermis ; Epidermis ; Eyelids* ; Female ; Granuloma* ; Hair Follicle ; Humans ; Paraffin ; Silicones ; Squalene* ; Young Adult

To assess the immunological function of toluene exposed group, the proportions of T lymphocyte, B lymphocyte, CD 4 cell, CD 8 cell, the ratio of CD4 to CD8 (CD4/CD8) in peripheral blood were measured on twenty-one toluene exposed workers and twelve healthy workers who did not have previous history of toluene exposure. In addition, to evaluate the present status of toluene exposure, urinary hippuric acid concenturations were measured in exposed group. The mean concenturation of urinary hippuric acid was 2.84 g/creatinine g in exposed group. The proportions of T lymphocyte, B lymphocyte, CD8 cell and CD4/CD8 of exposed group were slightly lower than non-exposed group except the proportion of CD4 cell which was similar in both groups. But these differences were not statistically different in both groups. The proportions of T lymphocyte and CD4 cell were significantly correlated with the length of duration in exposed group (P<0.05)
Lymphocytes ; Occupations* ; Toluene*

Rheumatoid arthritis is considered to be a collagen disease which mainly involves articular structures, sometimes has extraarticular manifestations. It is generally accepted now that periarticular osteoporosis develops in early phase of rheumatoid arthritis and generalized osteoporosis in late period. Of several methods of non-invasive measurement of bone mass, single photon absorptiometry was introduced by Cameron and Sorenson(1963) and it has been used for measuring bone mass by many authors with its precision, reproducibility and objective quantification. We tried to observe the quantitative changes of bone mass in rheumatoid arthritis patients with single photon absorptiometry technique. Through the study of bone densitometry in 30 rheumatoid arthritic women compared with age-matched 60 healthy controls, we obtained follow results. 1. Bone mineral density of the rheumatoid arthritis group was lower than that of the control group, but had no significant statistical difference. 2. Bone mineral density of the 40–49-year-old group and 50–59-year-old group was considerablely different in the rheumatoid arthritis group and control group. 3. Bone mineral density of the group whose rheumatoid arthritis history was over 2 year was lower than that of the group below 2 year.
Absorptiometry, Photon ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Bone Density ; Collagen Diseases ; Densitometry ; Female ; Humans ; Osteoporosis

No abstract available.
Brain* ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 10* ; Molecular Biology*

We describe a 8-year-old girl with erythrokeratodermia varibilis (EKV). This diagnosis was supported by erythematous, configurate patches over the entire body. Their size, shape and location varyed with enviromental factors and emotional state. In addition, well defined brownish, hyperkeratotic plaques were scattered over the trunk and extremities. Also, this patient had alopecia universalis, which is not typical of EKV. Etretinate therapy resulted in an almost complete clinical clearing of the plaques; however, her alopecia universalis and erythematous lesions were not affected.
Acitretin ; Alopecia* ; Child ; Diagnosis ; Erythrokeratodermia Variabilis* ; Etretinate ; Extremities ; Female ; Humans