In situ hybridization (ISH) is a standard method for localizing DNA or RNA sequences in tissue or cell preperation. The technique was developed at the electron-microscopic level, and enables the precise subcellular localization. A method was developed for detection of specific viral DNA. We have tested various methods and technique to detect specific viral DNA through ISH at the electron microscopic level. Postembedding method of ultrastructural ISH was developed and successfully applied for the detection of human papillomavirus type 16 in squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix and Epstein-Barr virus in EBV-infected leukemia cell line. The following results are made. The best results were obtained using 0.2% glutaraldehyde and 4% paraformaldehyde fixed tissue or cell block. The labelling was best observed on Unicryl resin and Lowicryl K4M resin sections. Epon sections showed no reactivity. Thin sections of Unicryl resin were more easier than Lowicryl K4M resin. Enzymatic predigestion with proteinase K, pepsin and trypsind gave good results. However, high concentration of these produce poor results due to excessive destruction of the cellular components. Alkali treatment with 0.5N sodium hydroxide produced successful results in denaturation of target DNA. The labelling density of gold particles was independent of incubation time or temperature in hybridization step. The viral DNA labelling was localized mainly within the nucleus, both within and at the edge of electron dense regions, and below the nuclear membrane. And the labelling was seen in the form of a dense, roughly spherical shape. In conclusion, the best results are obtained by the conditions that tissue fixed by 0.2% glutaraldehyde and 4% paraformaldehyde solution, embedded with Unicryl resin, protein denaturation by 0.1ul/ml proteinase K, DNA denaturation by 0.5N sodium hydroxide, and reaction with DNA probe.
Humans

Immunohistochemical study was performed for CEA staining patterns and PCNA indices. And the relationship between immunohistochemical findings and well-known clinical prognostic factors on the purpose of the clinical usefulness was evaluated. In forty seven cases of surgically removed colorectal carcinomas, the results were as follows; CEA staining patterns were apical (17 cases) and cytoplasmic (30 cases) type. Carcinomas with cyto plasmic pattern for CEA revealed more advanced Dukes' stage and more undifferentiated type and higher incidence of lymph node metastasis and were correlated with increased serum CEA levels. But PCNA indices showed no correlation with the Dukes' stage, histologic grade and CEA staining patterns. The cytoplasmic pattern of CEA immunohistochemistry may be a useful marker suggesting more aggressive biologic behavior of the colorectal carcinomas.
Colorectal Neoplasms* ; Cytoplasm ; Immunohistochemistry ; Incidence ; Lymph Nodes ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen*

This study was performed to fine out the possible causes of primary infertility in female and to provide some diagnostic and therapeutic modalities. A total of 104 cases of endometrium in primary infertility was obtained from the pathology files of Chosun University Hospital and Kwang-ju Christian Hospital during the period of 5 years and 10 months from January, 1984 to October, 1989. The endometrial biopsies were taken on the first of menstruation and classified according to Noyes, Hertig and Rock's criteria. Histologic findings which were compatible with their normal menstrual cycle (premenstrual of late secretory phase and bleeding phase) were noted in 52 cases (50%). Abnormal 52 cases (50%) revealed deficient secretory phase in 36 case (34.6%), proliferative phase in 5 cases (4.8%), irregular proliferation and chronic nonspecific endometritis in 4 cases (3.8%), respectively, endometrial hyperplasia in 3 cases (2.9%), tuberculous endometritis in 2 cases (1.9%), and asynchronous cycle in 1 case (1%). Among the case of dissociated delay was 21 cases (20.2%) and coordinated delay was 15 cases (14.4%). Therefore, deficient secretory phase with dissociate delay was most common abnormal endometrial finding in cases of female primary infertility. The peak age distribution of the female primary infertility in this study revealed 73 cases (63.8%) in patients between the age of 25 and 29. This finding indicated that there was no significant relationship between the age distributions and the endometrial histopathologic findings.
Female ; Humans ; Biopsy

Liposarcoma of the male breast is rare. In English literature, nearly 90 tumors of this type can be found, but the majority of citation is female without detail descriptions of gross or microscopic features. Recently, we experienced a case with pleomorphic liposarcoma of the breast. This 62-year-old male patient presented with tumorous mass of right breast for 3 months ago. He underwent radical mastectomy under the impression of breast cancer. Received specimen was a breast and attached nodular bulging mass. The serial section reveal a relatively defined nodular mass consists of yellowish and glistened bulging tumorous lesion, measuring 5x4.5x5cm. Microscopically, there were multiple pleomorphic giant cells composed of plump esoinophilic or microvesiculated cytoplasm and bizarre nuclei with prominent nucleoli. These cells were positive staining for oil-red O. Ultrastructurally, variable sized numerous fatty vacuoles in the cytoplasm were seen.
Female ; Male ; Humans ; Breast Neoplasms

A total of 51 cases of pleomorphic adenoma was obtained from the pathologic files of Chosun University hospital from january, 1980 December, 1989. The studies of clinical, microscopic, immunohistochemical, and electronmicroscopic examination showed the following results. The peak age incidence of the pleomorphic adenoma in this study was in the 5th decade and no significant difference in the incidence between male and female patients was observed. The most common histologic type of myoepithelial data showed positive reactions of the myoepithelial cells to cytokeratin and S-100 protein in the solid, myxoid, and chondroid area. The electronmicroscopic examination of the myoepithelial cells revealed myofilaments, dense bodies, desmosomes, and basement membrane suggesting epithelial origin of these cells. In conclusion, the pleomorphic adenoma seems to be derived from epithelial component and the variable stromal change may be derived from modified myoepithelial cells considering the results of immunohistochemical and electron microscopic study.
Female ; Male ; Humans ; Incidence ; Adenoma

Endometrium of early pregnancy were compared with nonpregnant endometnum by inimunohistochemical and ultrastructural techniques with respect to glandular and stromal elements of endometrium. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The AS cell in decidua has all the features of actively secreting glandular epithelium and shows the pronounced arrays of glandular endoplasmic reticulum and moderate numbers of ribosomes ultrastructually. Therefore the AS cell indicate considerable protein production, presumably contributing to both cell gowth and the production of secretions. 2. The process of decidualization can be characterized morphologically and immunohistochemically by the accumulation of basement membrane-like materials, such as laminin and type IV collagen which may be related to the hormonal stimulation occuring during pregnancy and trophoblastic attachment. 3. The decidual cells show strong positive for vimentin and some large mature decidual cells show weakly positive for lysozyme and cti- antitrypsin, which might represent more the sequential differentiation of stromal cells into decidual cells than origin of histiocytes. 4. Immunoreactivity with S-100 protein was found in glandular and stromal cells of decidua but negative in endometrium of nonpregnant women. So some humoral factors related to pregnancy stimulate expression of S-100 protein in glandular and stromal cells of decidua.
Pregnancy ; Female ; Humans

Aim. A neurobehavioral test for workers exposed to organic solvents in the workplace can be affected by many factors : age, education, motivation, ethnicity, etc. To apply more suitable neurobehavioral test for Korean workers, we evaluated the validity of several items of computerized and traditional neurobehavioral tests. Methods. We have applied eleven tests : four items of computerized neurobehavioral test(Swedish Performance Evaluation System) including Addition, Symbol-Digit, Digit Span, and Finger tapping speed, and seven items of traditional neurobehavioral test consisting of Addition, Digit-Symbol , Digit Span, Benton visual retention test, Pursuit aiming, Pegboard, and Tapping. These tests were performed on 96 workers exposed to solvents, and 100 reference workers. The concurrent and construct validities were evaluated by group difference, correlation with age, educational level, hippuric acid level, neurotoxic symptom, current exposure level, multitrait-multimethod matrix, factor analysis, and discriminant analysis. Results. Statistically significant differences were observed between the workers exposed to solvents and referents in computerized Symbol-Digit, Finger tapping speed, traditional Digit-Symbol and Pegboard. The computerized Symbol-Digit, traditional Digit-Symbol, Addition, Benton visual retention test, and Pegboard were found to be related to the age. The performance of computerized Symbol-Digit, Addition, and traditional Digit-Symbol were found to be related to the educational level significantly. The computerized Symbol-Digit, Finger tapping speed, and traditional Digit-Symbol were found to be related to hippuric acid, and neurotoxic symptom. The discriminability of Finger tapping speed, and Pegboard was better than the other tests. In discriminant analysis, the model with two variables, the computerized Symbol-Digit and Pegboard, classified almost 70 percent of the workers correctly. Conclusions. These results suggest that the computerized Symbol-Digit, Finger tapping speed, and Pegboard are more satisfactory for our purpose, and the Addition, Tapping, Benton visual retention test, and Pursuit aiming are less valid than other items. These may allow the reasonable selection of core neurobehavioral tests for workers exposed to solvents in Korea.
Education ; Fingers ; Korea ; Motivation ; Solvents

No abstract available.
Hepatitis, Chronic* ; Interferon-alpha* ; Killer Cells, Natural* ; Prednisolone*

Synovial sarcoma is a distinct and generally recognized soft tissue tumor that it’s origin still raises controversy. The synovial origin of synovial sarcoma has not been determined despite the accepted terminology implying synovium as stem cell. Three cases of primary synovial sarcoma (2 fibrous monophasic, 1 biphasic type) were studied with a panel of antibodies against different types of cytokeratin and other markers (EMA, CEA, vimentin, S-100 protein, lysozyme, 1-antichymotrypsin). Spindle shaped-cell in monophasic synovial sarcoma showed reactivity for CK7 and pancytokeratin. Epithelial cells lining of glands in biphasic synovial sarcoma reactive for CK7, pancytokeratin, EMA, and focally CEA but spindle cells only positive for vimentin. By electron microscopy, fibrous monophasic synovial sarcoma showed pseudogland formation with intercellular junctions of paired subplasmalemmal destiny and discontinuous basal lamina. These results indicate that synovial sarcoma showes epithelial differentiation. We believe that synovial sarcoma arises in pluripotential connective tissue cells that is able to be differentiated into both mesenchymal and epithelial components. So, synovial sarcoma have been considered carcinosarcoma of soft tissues depending on the type of differentiation.
Antibodies ; Basement Membrane ; Carcinosarcoma ; Connective Tissue Cells ; Epithelial Cells ; Immunohistochemistry ; Intercellular Junctions ; Keratins ; Microscopy, Electron ; Muramidase ; S100 Proteins ; Sarcoma, Synovial ; Stem Cells ; Synovial Membrane ; Vimentin

In a study of primary brain tumors 104 cases having satisfactory clinical, operative and histological proofswere analyzed by computerized tomography at Presbyterian Medical Center from May, 1982 to April, 1985. The resultswere as follows: 1. The male to female ratio of primary brain tumor was 54:46. 2.The 2nd decade group (26%) wasthe most prevalent age group, followed by the 5th decade(16.3%), 1st decade(14.4%), 3rd decade(12.5%), 4thdecade(11.5%), 6th decade(10.6%), 7th decade(8.7%) in that order. 3. The incidence of primary brain tumors was found to be: glioma 64 cases(61.6%) (among the GM, the most frequent 17 cases(16.3%), followed by meningioma 12cases (11.5%), pituitary adenoma 10 cases (9.6%), craniopharyngioma 6 cases(5.8%), pinealoma and germinoma 3cases(2.9%) respectively, and dermoid cyst 2 cases(1.9%) in that order. 4. The locations of the primary braintumors were as follows: cb. hemisphere(49%) of these 24.5% in parietal region, 11.9% in temporal region, 9.7% infrontal region, 3.0% in occipital region: Juxtasella area(16.3%), cerebellar hemisphere(8.7%), Parapineal andintraventricle(7.7%) respectively, cerebello-pontine angle area(5.8%), vermis and 4th ventricular region(4.8%). 5.There were no remarkable differences in the findings of pre-and post-contast CT scanning of primary brain tumorscompared with others.
Brain ; Brain Neoplasms ; Craniopharyngioma ; Dermoid Cyst ; Female ; Germinoma ; Glioma ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Meningioma ; Occipital Lobe ; Parietal Lobe ; Pinealoma ; Pituitary Neoplasms ; Protestantism ; Temporal Lobe ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed