The posterior cruciate ligament has been considered the basic stabilizer which performs important functions because of its location and orientation within the knee joint. Therefore, failure to recognize or to repair its tear results in a poorly functioning knee. An isolated injury to the posterior cruciate ligament is believed to be unconmon and is seen most commonly in association with other ligamentous injury and dislocation of the knee joint. But recently its injuries are of frequent occurrence because of increasing traffic accident and sports activities as football, soccer, and skiing. The authors experienced 12 cases of isolated posterior cruciate ligament injury from March, 1978 to February, 1982 at the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Capital Arrned Forces General Hospital and the results were as follows: 1. The most common cause of injury was passenger traffic accident (5 cases) and followed by soccer (4 cases), football (2 cases), and skiing (1 case). 2. There were 3 causative mechanisms by which the posterior cruciate ligament was injured; anteroposterior force on the front of the knee joint (5 cases), hyperextension of the knee joint (4 cases), and posteriorly directed rotatory force (3 cases). 3. Tears of the posterior cruciate ligament occured at its tibial attachment (5 cases), with avulsion of a bone fragment at its tibial attachment (3 cases), at its femoral attachment (2 cases), and its mid-portion (1 case). 4. The major findings in this injury included giving-way or instability on walking, abrasion or contusion over the anterior proximal tibial surface, presence of a posterior drawer sign, sagging of the tibia, bloody effusion, and X-ray evidence of avulsion fracture. 5. One case was treated conservatively and 11 cases surgically using screw fixation and direct or pull through suture through a posterior S-shaped incision (5 cases), medial parapatellar and posterior S-shaped incision (3 cases), and medial hockey-stick incision (3 cases) and were immobilized in a long leg cast with 30 to 45 degrees of the knee flexion for 6 to 7 weeks. 6. The results evaluated by Apleys method were excellent in 8 cases; good in 2 cases, and fair in 2 cases.
Accidents, Traffic ; Clinical Study ; Contusions ; Dislocations ; Football ; Hospitals, General ; Knee Joint ; Knee ; Leg ; Ligaments ; Methods ; Posterior Cruciate Ligament ; Skiing ; Soccer ; Sports ; Sutures ; Tears ; Tibia ; Walking

No abstract available.
Diagnosis, Differential* ; MMPI*

BACKGROUND: A low level of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) is well known as an important cardiovascular risk factor which is closely associated with physical activity levels. However, there is a very few studies conducted on relationship between physical activity and HDL-C status among Korean adults. METHODS: We selected total 22,294 people aged 19 to 69 years old who had not taken lipid lowering agents from the 2005 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data. The population was classified into three groups using the criteria for HDL-C of Adult Treatment Panel III. The relationship between the physical activity and HDL-C was investigated and the amount of physical activity levels of the three HDL-C groups were obtained with analysis of covariance with adjustments for various factors influencing the physical activity levels. RESULTS: After adjusted for various factors influencing HDL-C, physical activity is significantly associated with HDL-C. As physical activity is increased, HDL-C is much higher (P<0.001).The physical activity levels were significantly different among the three HDL-C groups. The amount of physical activity in low HDL-C group was significantly low compared to high HDL-C group (1653.08+/-65.31 MET-min/wk vs. 1916.70+/-102.86 MET-min/wk, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: We confirmed that the amount of physical activity level in low HDL-C group was significantly lower compared with that of high HDL-C group in Korean adults.
Adult ; Aged ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Cholesterol ; Cholesterol, HDL ; Humans ; Korea ; Lipoproteins ; Motor Activity ; Nutrition Surveys ; Risk Factors

No abstract available.
Fetus* ; Klinefelter Syndrome* ; Prenatal Diagnosis*

The toxicity and adrenostatic effect of o,p'-DDD, a derivative of the insecticidal DDT, on the adrenal cortex were well known. It known that the toxicity was based on the blocking of steroid biopsynthesis when cholesterol was converted to pregnenolone. Lysodren(R) was also known to be capable of producing a regression of adrenocortical carcinoma and its metastases, and this drug became one of useful choice for the treatment of unoperable adrenocortical carcinomas. Recently, fine structural effect of o,p'-DDD on the adrenocortical carcinoma show that the mitochondria is the primary target organelle. o,p'-DDD was dissolved in corn oil and it was orally administered for 28 days to investigate the ultrastructural effects of zona fasciculata of rat adrenal cortex. The results obtained were as follow: 1) The body weight was decreased after feeding o,p'-DDD. 2) Light microscopic examination showed no remarkable change except increased fine lipid droplets of zona fasciculata in group I (o,p'-DDD 75 mg/kg feeding). Moderately increased intracytoplasmic lipid droplets and pyknotic nuclei bearing membrane indentations were seen in group II (o,p'-DDD 150 mg/kg feeding). Large sized lipid droplet aggregates, pyknotic nuclei with severe nuclear membrane indentations and karyorrhexis in focal area were evident in group III. 3) Immunohistochemical staining for ACTH in pituitary gland showed increasing number of ACTH secretory cell and increasing intensity of staining property according to the dosage of o,p'-DDD. 4) Ultrastructural examination showed increased intracytoplasmic lipid droplets and mild increased peroxisome. There was no remarkable ultrastructural changes in mitochondria in group I. Moderately increased lipid droplets and clusters formation, compressed mitochondria, partial disappearance of mitochondrial cristae, increased peroxisome and nuclear membrane indentations were seen in group II. In group III, nuclear membrane showed prominent indentation. Numberous cytoplasmic vacuolation, double membrane ring in mitochondria, disappearance of mitochondrial cristae, myelin figure formation in mitochondrial matrix, and fatty changes in mitochondrial matrix were seen. These findings showed that the primary target organelle of attack by o,p'-DDD on zona fasciculata of adrenal gland in rat is mitochondria and it was developed from double ring formation in mitochondrial matrix.
Rats ; Animals

This study was performed in order to evaluate the sero-epidemiological status of toxoplasmosis in pregnant Korean women. Among 5, 175 sera and 750 amniotic fluid samples obtained from pregnant women, 41 serum samples (0.79%) and 10 (1.33%) amniotic fluid samples tested positive for IgG antibodies by ELISA. Fifty one cases showing a score more than 0.25 on ELISA were tested for PCR reaction against the SAG1 gene. Only one case of the 51 ELISA positive cases exhibited a positive reaction on all tests. This case had a history of acute nephropyelitis during early pregnancy, but fortunately, had delivered a phenotypically healthy baby. In this study, the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women was found to be comparatively low, consistent with previous reports from Korea. However our trials, performed with a variety of diagnostic tools, were considered to be useful for the precise diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis.
Adult ; Animals ; Antibodies, Protozoan/*blood ; Female ; Humans ; Korea/epidemiology ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications/diet therapy/*epidemiology ; Seroepidemiologic Studies ; Toxoplasma/*immunology ; Toxoplasmosis/*epidemiology

No abstract available.
Humans ; Hyoid Bone ; Orthognathic Surgery

Entrapment of the posterior interosseous nerve is an uncommon syndrome characterized by an inability to extend the fingers and thumb. This entity bas become recognized increasingly since reported in 1966 by Capener and Muholland et al. The pathogenesis could be explained as an anatomical basis. And various cases were reported that trauma, local swelling, inflammation, postural and iatrogenic factors were concerned with the causes. In recent 4 cases of posterior interosseous nerve syndrome were experienced at Busan National University Hospital and following result were obtained.1l. Arcade of Frohse, fibrous band, recurrent radial artery are important compressive factors. 2. Surgical decompression led to an effective cure. 3. Tendon transfer is indicated after severe degenerative change.
Busan ; Decompression, Surgical ; Fingers ; Inflammation ; Radial Artery ; Tendon Transfer ; Thumb

Acute stroke has been associated with a variety of cardiac abnormalities. Data derived from EGC monitoring have suggested that cardiac arrhythmia may be more common in stroke patient. Acute stroke such as cerebral infarction has been reported to increase serum cardiac enzyme and histologic changes, focal myocardial myocytolysis. Also, plasma norepinephrine was significantly elevated in a group of stroke patients compared with non-stroke control. These observations led to the hypothesis that acute stroke may increase sympathetic activity with resultant electrocardiographic abnormalities and myocardial cell necrosis. In order to test this hypothesis, we evaluated 24 acute stroke patients for several cardiac parameter including arrythmias defected by 24 hour Holter monitoring, serum cardiac enzymes such as CK, LDH, SGOT and plasma catecholamine values. Similar studies were also performed in 15 control subjects matched with stroke patients for age. The result were as follows; 1) Arrhythmias such as VPB, SVPB in the acute stroke group were more common than in the non-stroke group. VPB(209+/-61/24hr, P<0.005) SVPB(232+/-54/24hr, P<0.005). 2) Plasma norepinephrine, epinephrine and CK was significantly elevated in a group of stroke patients compared with non-stroke controls. norepinephrine(715.3+/-93.8 pg/ml, P<0.005) epinephrine(346.1+/-63.1 pg/ml, P<0.005). 3) Stroke patients with abnormal serum CK values(above 80 IU/L) had a higher(P<0.05) mean norepinephrine concentration(776.6+/-142.0 pg/ml) than remaining stroke patients(406.3+/-101.7 pg/ml). 4) Stroke patients with high plasma norepinephrine did not exhibit an increase in cardiac arrhythmias.
Arrhythmias, Cardiac* ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; Cerebral Infarction ; Electrocardiography ; Electrocardiography, Ambulatory ; Epinephrine ; Humans ; Necrosis ; Norepinephrine ; Plasma* ; Stroke*

BACKGROUND: The increasing implementation of organ transplantation requires an unequivocal diagnosis of brain death for moral and legal reasons. Among instrumental investigations, angiographic demonstration of absent intracranial blood flow is considered to be the most reliable test in diagnosing brain death. This test should be easily accessible since most brain dead patients are vitally unstable and have various life-supporting equipments besides their beds. To investigate the usefulness of an intracranial CT angiography (CTA) for the diagnosis of brain death, we performed CTA in comatose patients who were either clinically brain dead or not. METHODS: Fourteen comatose patients (11 male and 3 female, aged from 17 to 63 years) with various brain insults were included in this study. Eleven patients were clinically brain dead. Among the remaining three patients, one showed subtle withdrawal movements in one extremity to noxious stimuli with absent brainstem reflexes, and the other two showed multifocal myoclonic seizures. CT scanning was performed with a table speed of 2 mm/sec, twenty seconds after beginning an injection of contrast media. The data were reformatted by maximum intensity projection (MIP) and shaded surface display (SSD) after the reconstruction of a 1 mm interval. A portable electroencephalography (EEG) was also taken serially in clinically brain dead patients except one. RESULTS: Intracranial arterial blood flow was preserved in those who showed either a seizure, abnormal posture or intact brainstem reflexes. On the other hand, intracranial arteries were not visualized in all brain dead patients with electrocerebral silence (ECS) on their EEG with the exception of one patient whose EEG was difficult to determine a ECS due to excessive mechanical artifacts. However, in the clinically brain dead patients, the intracranial arterial flow was preserved in those who suffered from widespread brainstem and cerebellar infarction or whose EEG demonstrated periodic lateralizing epileptiform discharges or a burst suppression pattern. CONCLUSIONS: Intracranial CTA seems to be a safe and noninvasive procedure for the determination of brain death that produces fast, reliable, and easy-to-interpret results. It can be used as an alternative method to the EEG when the EEG is not possible or difficult to interpret due to artifacts.
Angiography* ; Arteries ; Artifacts ; Brain Death* ; Brain Stem ; Brain* ; Coma ; Contrast Media ; Diagnosis ; Electroencephalography ; Extremities ; Female ; Hand ; Humans ; Infarction ; Male ; Organ Transplantation ; Posture ; Reflex ; Seizures ; Tomography, Spiral Computed* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Transplants