This study was performed in order to evaluate the sero-epidemiological status of toxoplasmosis in pregnant Korean women. Among 5, 175 sera and 750 amniotic fluid samples obtained from pregnant women, 41 serum samples (0.79%) and 10 (1.33%) amniotic fluid samples tested positive for IgG antibodies by ELISA. Fifty one cases showing a score more than 0.25 on ELISA were tested for PCR reaction against the SAG1 gene. Only one case of the 51 ELISA positive cases exhibited a positive reaction on all tests. This case had a history of acute nephropyelitis during early pregnancy, but fortunately, had delivered a phenotypically healthy baby. In this study, the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women was found to be comparatively low, consistent with previous reports from Korea. However our trials, performed with a variety of diagnostic tools, were considered to be useful for the precise diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis.
Adult ; Animals ; Antibodies, Protozoan/*blood ; Female ; Humans ; Korea/epidemiology ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications/diet therapy/*epidemiology ; Seroepidemiologic Studies ; Toxoplasma/*immunology ; Toxoplasmosis/*epidemiology

No abstract available.
Hydronephrosis*

No abstract available.
Tetralogy of Fallot*

The purpose of this paper is to compare the results, complications, advantages and disadvantages of treatment by flexible intramedullary nail with those by interlocked intramedullary nail in humeral shaft fractures. The authors analyzed 42 cases of humeral shaft fractures in patients who were treated by intramedullary nailing. Nineteen patients were treated with flexible I-M nail and twenty three patients were treated with interlocked I-M nail. Fourteen cases(74%) treated with flexible I-M nail were obtained primary bone union, and twenty one cases(91%) treated with interlocked I-M nail were obtained primary bone union. Five cases treated with flexible I-M nail and 2 cases treated with interlocked I-M nail failed union and the most common cause of nonunion was distraction. Flexible I-M nailing does not solve rotational deformity and could't obtain a high union rate due to distraction. Therefore, we recommend that adequate external support is considered to prevent distraction using the flexible I-M nail. Although we obtained a satisfactory union rate using by Seidel interlocked I-M nail, we must observe the distal spreading screw loosening during the follow up period. In bones with small diameter, sufficient reaming may be necessary, because the distal spreading screw can't spread well.
Congenital Abnormalities ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; Humans

BACKGROUNDS: This study was investigated for assessing of the sedative dose of midazolam and its influence on neonatal Apgar score that intravenously injected immediately before operation during epidural anesthesia for cesarean section. METHODS: Midazolam, 1 mg, was given into a freely running IV line every 30s 2 min after 2 mg of midazolam was initiately injected. Ten seconds prior to each injection patients were asked to open the eye. No response, as determined by the anesthesiologists, to three promptly repeated and increasingly louder commands was considered the end-point for the study and no further midazolam was given. RESULTS: The sedative dose of midazolam in our study was 3.3 1.1 mg and interindividual variation (range: 2~7 mg) were wide. Respiratory depression was occurred in one of pregnant women with midazolam. All of the Apgar scores of the newborn infants at 1 and 5 min in both groups were higher than seven. CONCLUSIONS: When the intravenous injection of midazolam for sedation immediately before operation is required in pregnant women during epidural anesthesia for cesarean section, we would like to suggest that one should initiately administer the small dose and then inject the incremental dose with careful observation of the respiratory status.
Anesthesia, Epidural* ; Apgar Score ; Cesarean Section* ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Injections, Intravenous ; Midazolam* ; Pregnancy ; Pregnant Women* ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Running

No Abstract Available.
Myxoma*

Squamous cell carcinoma of the skin arises mostly in the head and neck regions, less frequently in the rest of the body, and rarely in the palms and soles. We report a case of a 6S-year-old man who had had time-sequential development of multiple squamous cell carcinomas on his palms and soles for the past 12 years. These lesions were, in order of time, ulcerative nodules, ulcerative hyperkeratotic papules, hyperkeratotic plaques, maceratied plaques, dark discolored patchs, and hyperkeratotic papules. They were treated by total excision and cryotherpy apart from the last squatnous cell carcinoma in 1994.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Head ; Neck ; Skin ; Ulcer

Pearly penile papules are small, smooth, dome-shaped, grayish to skin-colored papules, that are arranged in one or several rows. These are commonly located circumferentially on the corona and sulcus of the glans penis. A 36-year-old male patient had had asymptomatic numerous pearly smooth 1 * 1mm -sized dome-shaped papules for several months. A Histopathological examination revealed an increased number of fibroblasts on the papillary dermis, vascular proliferation and a mild lymphocytic infiltration. We diagnosed the condition as pearly penile papules. No treatment other than reassurance was given. We report, herein, a case of pearly penile papules.
Adult ; Dermis ; Fibroblasts ; Humans ; Male ; Penis

The birth of conjoined twins remains an extremely rare event. Most of such twins are stillborn and one third of the live births die within first day of life. In Korea, there are only three reports on the anesthesia for separation of different kinds of conjoined twins. In view of anesthesia for separation of such twins prematurity, low birth weight, and anomalous shared organ play the major role on the perioperative morbidity and mortality. Such anesthesia therefore is one of the exceedingly complex fields among the pediatric anesthesia and require mobilization of all possible methods and monitoring devices used for pediatric anesthesia. We performed careful preoperative evaluation of extent of joining, discussion and rehearsal of separation procedure between separation team, and anesthetic care such as all possible monitoring, preservation of body temperature, appropriate fluid therapy, awake intubation, avoid neuromuscular blockers, and thorough separation of duty. The separated twins showed normal weight gain postoperatively and discharged postoperative 31th day without any complications.
Anesthesia* ; Body Temperature ; Fluid Therapy ; Humans ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Intubation ; Korea ; Live Birth ; Mortality ; Neuromuscular Blockade ; Neuromuscular Blocking Agents ; Parturition ; Twins, Conjoined ; Weight Gain

No abstract available.
Humans ; Tracheostomy* ; Ventilators, Mechanical*