The Ilizarov fixator allows significantly more axial motion at the fracture site than the conventional monofixators. But the transfixing wires have inevitable problems of soft tissue impalement. Therefore the Rancho mounting technique, replacing the transfixing wires with half pins, has become a common place. But the increment of the axial stiffness secondary to replacing transfixing wires with half pins has not been defined clearly yet. The authors measured the axial stiffness of the Ilizarov fixator and two different configurations of the Rancho frame. The group I frame was the Ilizarov fixator composed of four rings and two transfixing wires on each ring. The group II frame was the Rancho frame and it was constructed same as the Ilizarov frame but a transfixing wire was replaced with a half pin from two central rings respectively. The group III frame was another type of Rancho frame which was constructed same as the second group but the remaining transfixing wire was replaced with a half pin from the two central rings respectively. The axial stiffness of the Group I , II and Group III frames were 71.54+/-7.21N/mm, 89.65+/-6.42N/mm, 101.01+/-7.92N/mm respectively. The axial stiffness difference between the Group I frame and the Group II frame was statistically significant(p<0.01). Also the difference between the Group I frame and the Group III frame was statistically significant(p<0.01). This study shows that the replacement of two transfixing wires with two stainless half pins resulted in significant increment of the axial stiffness of the Ilizarov frame.

Human lymphoblastoid B-cell lines immortalized by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) were established from peripheral blood of patients with acute myeloblastic and chronic lymphocytic leukemia and chronic fatigue syndrome. The sera of patients with acute myeloblastic and chronic lymphocytic leukemia did not show antibodies to Epstein-Barr viral capsid antigen (VCA), but serum of a patient with chronic fatigue syndrome disclosed antibodies to VCA (IgG, IgM), and EBNA was demonstrated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells by polymerase chain reaction. The established cell lines were mature B-cell phenotypes with polyclonal proliferation in early passage and no evidence for commitment to other lineages. The immortalized cells by EBV were designated as CSUP-1 and CSUP-2 (from acute myeloblastic leukemia, FAB classification M2 and M1), CSUP-3 (from chronic lymphocytic leukemia) and CSUP-4 (from a patient with chronic fatigue syndrome). The CSUP-1, 2, 3, and 4 grew in suspension forming clumps with a doubling time of 38 to 49 hours. Colony formation was not recognized in plate. By light and electron microscopic examination, the immortalized cells showed features of lymphoblastoid to plasmacytoid lymphocytes, and multinucleated giant cells. The lymphoblastoid cells showed scanty cytoplasm with poorly developed organelles. Immunophenotypic analyses of CUSP-1, 2, 3, and 4 with monoclonal antibodies by flow cytometry showed B-cell phenotype with polyclonal proliferation in early passage. Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen was confirmed in the extracted DNAs from immortalized cells by polymerase chain reaction. DNA analysis showed a normodiploid stemline with a DNA index of 1.12. The established cells were strongly reactive for CD10, CD30 (Ki-1) in early passage, and bcl-2 and c-myc onco-protein in early and late passage. Karyotypic analysis of CSUP-1, 2, 3 and 4 showed 46, XY or 46, XX. No tumorigenesis in heterotransplanted SCID mouse was recognized. This immortalized cells by EBV should be a valuable cell lines to study the pathogenesis of EBV-related malignant lymphoma.
Animals ; Antibodies ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; B-Lymphocytes* ; Capsid ; Carcinogenesis ; Cell Line ; Classification ; Cytoplasm ; DNA ; Fatigue ; Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic ; Flow Cytometry ; Giant Cells ; Granulocyte Precursor Cells ; Herpesvirus 4, Human* ; Humans* ; Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; Lymphocytes ; Lymphoma ; Mice ; Mice, SCID ; Organelles ; Phenotype ; Polymerase Chain Reaction

No abstract available.
Nails

Developmental surface ultrastructure of Macroorchis spinulosus was studied by scanning electron microscopy. One-day-old juvenile fluke was leaf-shaped and bent ventrally. Body surface was covered densely with peg-like spines and with cobblestone-like cytoplasmic processes. Ciliated sensory papillae were concentrated around oral sucker. Several unciliated sensory papillae occurred equidistantly on oral sucker and acetabulum. The ciliated papillae appeared in two longitudinal lines symmetric bilaterally on dorsal surface. On adult flukes, tegumantal spines became wider in middle of the body surface. The cytoplasmic processes differentiated into more fine velvety form. It is likely that the differentiated fine cytoplasmic processes are an increased absorptive surface to adult M. spinulosus. It is suggested that single pointed tegumental spines on anterior half of the body may be supportive for this fluke to migration.
Animals ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Trematoda/*anatomy & histology/*ultrastructure

Benign solitary osteochondroma are the most common benign bone tumor, and often arise in the long bone of the extremities about 80% of lesions, particulary about the knee and the upper extremity. In rare cases, the spine is involved. We describe a case in which a solitary sacral osteochondroma compressed the lumbosacral plexus, producing sensory disturbance. The tumor was removed through the anterior midline approach. The excised mass was round, lobulated, measuring 7. 5cm×6cm, pedunculated type and the cartilage cap is complete and is 4mm in thickness.
Cartilage ; Extremities ; Knee ; Lumbosacral Plexus ; Osteochondroma ; Sacrum ; Spine ; Upper Extremity

Cor triatriatum is a rare cardiac malformation in which the left atrium is subdivided into two chambers by a fibromuscular septum, one locates posterosuperiorly, which is connects with the pulmonary veins, and the other locates anteroinferiorly connecting with the mitral valves and left ventricie. It is often lethal in children with cor triatriatum due to congestive heart faliure which develops abruptly and rapidly. So, the most important thing is early detection of the disease. We experienced a case of cor triatriatum in 20 month-old female. She had severe symptoms related to congestive heart faliure, and the conditions showed dangerous. Echocardiography was used for correct diagnosis. The patients was improved dramatically after proper surgery. So, We reported this case and review literatures briefly.
Child ; Cor Triatriatum* ; Diagnosis ; Echocardiography ; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) ; Female ; Heart ; Heart Atria ; Heart Septal Defects, Atrial* ; Humans ; Infant ; Mitral Valve ; Pulmonary Veins

BACKGROUND: Vascular lesions can be diagnosed by biopsy, simple x-ray, ultrasound, CT, MRI, venography and MR angiography. These diagnostic tools can identify the detailed structure and abnormalities in the peri-lesional area of vascular lesions. Color Doppler ultrasound (CDU) can demonstrate the hemodynamic features, distribution of veins and arteries, shunts and structures of vascular lesions. Authors have tried to categorize vascular lesions with CDU and also applied this to the selection of treatment methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-seven vascular lesions were evaluated by means of CDU. All patients underwent a complete clinical evaluation as well as peak systolic velocity (PSV), peak diastolic velocity (PDV), resistive index (RI) of feeding arteries. In particular, we evaluated the hemodynamic features and structures of vascular lesions. We categorized the vascular lesions and then treated them with systemic steroid, compression, SPTL1 Dye laser, steroid intralesional injection and sclerotherapy. We evaluated the clinical improvement and objective effects of treatments by CDU. RESULTS: There were 37 hemangiomas and 10 vascular malformations. Vascular lesions were classified by the hemodynamic features and structures: category Ia (infantile hemangioma, regressed infantile hemangioma), Ib (RICH), Ic (deep hemangioma, mixed hemangioma), II (arteriovenous malformation), III (venous malformation, verrucous hemangioma). The clinical improvement after treatment was associated with the decrease of PSV and RI values. The clinical improvement above 50% resolution of the lesion showed 70.9% in category Ia, 50% in Ib, 66.6% in Ic, 83.3% in II and 50% in III. CONCLUSIONS: The analysis of hemodynamic feature and structures by CDU can be helpful in the study of vascular lesions. These processes suggest CDU be a useful modality in differential diagnosis of vascular lesions and a more advantageous tool in the decision of treatment policy than the conventional modalities. And it is also useful for the evaluation of treatment effects.
Angiography ; Arteries ; Biopsy ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Hemangioma ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Injections, Intralesional ; Lasers, Dye ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Phlebography ; Sclerotherapy ; Ultrasonography* ; Vascular Malformations ; Veins

No abstract available.
Child* ; Heart Diseases* ; Heart* ; Humans ; Physical Examination

PURPOSE: Emergency colorectal surgery has a high risk of mortality and morbidity because of incomplete bowel preparation, bacterial proliferation, and contamination. In this study, we investigated the outcomes and the risk factors affecting mortality in patients who had undergone emergency surgery for the treatment of various colorectal diseases. METHODS: This study is a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data to survey the clinical results for patients who had undergone emergency colorectal surgery from January 2014 to December 2014. We analyzed various clinicopathologic factors, which were divided into 3 categories: preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative. RESULTS: A total of 50 patients had undergone emergency colorectal surgery during the time period covered by this study. Among them, 10 patients (20%) died during the postoperative period. A simple linear regression analysis showed that the risk factors for mortality were old age, preoperative hypotension, and a high American Society of Anesthesiologist (ASA) score. Moreover, a multiple linear regression analysis showed a high ASA score and preoperative hypotension to be independent risk factors. CONCLUSION: In this study, emergency colorectal surgery showed a relatively high mortality rate. Furthermore, the independent risk factors for mortality were preoperative hypotension and high ASA score; thus, patients with these characteristics need to be evaluated more carefully and receive better care if the mortality rate is to be reduced.
Colorectal Surgery ; Emergencies* ; Humans ; Hypotension ; Linear Models ; Mortality* ; Postoperative Period ; Prospective Studies ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors*

PURPOSE: We reviewed 5 years worth of experience with peritoneal drainage and dialysis in infants who underwent open heart surgery. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of peritoneal drainage and peritoneal dialysis on fluid balance and several parameters of intensive care. METHODS: Six(10%) of 60 consecutive infants who underwent open heart surgery required peritoneal dialysis during peritoneal drainage. Simple peritoneal drainage was performed in the remaining 54 infants. The silicone rubber peritoneal dialysis catheter was inserted into the center of abdominal cavity just after operation, and subsequent peritoneal drainage was maintained during intensive care. RESULTS: Mean age of the study group was 0.48+/-0.21 years(M: F=32: 28). Early postoperative mortality amang the infants with congenital heart disease was 1.6%. Total amount of output was 7.0+/-2.28mL/kg/hr, urine output 5.14+/-2.9lmL/kg/hr, pleural fluid 0.80+/-0.5lmL/kg/hr, and peritoneal fluid 1.20+/-0.90mL/kg/hr. The ratio of output to intake(O/I) was 1.06. None of the complications required early termination of peritoneal drainage or peritoneal dialysis. Hemodynamics and pulmonary function were maintained steadily during postoperative intensive care. CONCLUSION: The early institution of peritoneal drainage and peritoneal dialysis in infants with congenital heart disease after cardiac operations not only removes fluid, thus easing fluid restriction, but may also improve cardiopulmonary function.
Abdominal Cavity ; Ascitic Fluid ; Catheters ; Dialysis ; Drainage* ; Heart Defects, Congenital* ; Heart* ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Infant* ; Critical Care ; Mortality ; Peritoneal Dialysis ; Silicone Elastomers ; Thoracic Surgery ; Water-Electrolyte Balance