Chronic ulcerative colitis is a systemic inflammatory disease with uncertain etiology primarily involving the colonic mucosa. The mucosal biopsy interpretation is important for an evaluation of the disease state and further medical or surgical treatment. However, few clinical and pathological studies of the endoscopic diagnosis of this disease are available in Korea. Therefore, we evaluated the clinical and pathological characteristics of it diagnosed by endoscopic biopsy and analysed the reasons for the discrepancy between clinical and pathologic diagnosis for a more accurate endoscopic mucosal biopsy diagnosis in the future. A total of 702 cases of colonic mucosal biopsy specimens during Feb. 1994 and Jan. 1995 at Severance hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine were reevaluated for the study. A clinical diagnosis of ulcerative colitis, after endoscopic examination, was made in 61(8.7%) cases. A pathological diagnosis was made when there is an increased inflammatory cell infiltration in the mucosa with evidences of a chronic crypt injury in the biopsy specimens. Using this criteria, a diagnosis was made in 32(52.3%) cases. In 29 cases the diagnosis was made in the first biopsy specimen and in the remaining 3 cases the diagnosis was made in the second or third biopsy specimens. No pathologic diagnosis of ulcerative colitis was made in the cases that clinical diagnosis was not. In the 32 cases diagnosed as ulcerative colitis, 14 cases were involved the rectum and sigmoid colon, 9 cases were involved up to the descending colon, 1 case was involved up to the transverse colon and 8 cases showed pancolonic involvement. In 29 cases, which ulcerative colitis was suspected clinically but was not consistent with it pathologically, 8 cases were proved to be ischemic colitis, 5 cases were acute infectious colitis and one case was Crohn's disease by repeat examination and follow up. Ten cases were histologically within normal range and lesions subsided spontaneously with no recurrence. A conclusive diagnosis could not be made in 5 cases during this study period. From these results, we conclude that ulcerative colitis can be diagnosed accurately by endoscopic biopsy, and clinical follow up and repeat examination are valuable in the differential diagnosis of this disease.
Diagnosis, Differential ; Biopsy

No abstract available.
Child* ; Glomerulonephritis* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Escherichia coli* ; Escherichia* ; Humans ; Urinary Tract Infections* ; Urinary Tract*

This study was performed to compare the amount of blood flow from left and right side heart using Doppler echocardiography and Fick method. The pulmonary blood flow (Qp), aortic blood flow (Qs) and Qp/Qs ratio were noninvasively evaluated by two dimensional Doppler echocardiography in 10 patients with ventricular septal defect in children, aged 2 years to 15 years (mean+/-SD=7.1+/-4.9 years). Cardiac catheterization was performed within 2 days after examination of Doppler echocardiography in all patients. Systemic and pulmonary blood flow was calculated by using Fick principle, based on measured oxygen consumption and measured blood oxygen saturation. The Doppler frequency shift was analyzed by computer system combined with Meridian Echocardiography System. Comparison of Qp, Qs and Qp/Qs ratio obtained by invasive methods and by two-dimensional pulsed wave Doppler echocardiography showed a correlation of 0.679 in Qp, 0.710 in Qs and 0.639 in Qp/Qs ratio (p<0.05).
Cardiac Catheterization* ; Cardiac Catheters* ; Child* ; Computer Systems ; Echocardiography ; Echocardiography, Doppler* ; Heart ; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular* ; Humans ; Oxygen ; Oxygen Consumption

No abstract available.
Breast* ; Female ; Humans ; Korea* ; Mammaplasty*

OBJECTIVES: Delirium is a disorder defined as a sudden disturbance in thinking, speaking, acting and sleep pattern due to altered level of consciousness and cognitive function. The objective of this study is to analyze characteristics and therapeutic methods of the delirious patients during the recent 5 years, and provide basic data for further studies and investigation regarding delirium in the occurrence and treatment. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of 475 patients who were consulted for delirium in Kyunghee University Medical Center from January 2007 to December 2011. RESULTS: During the 5 years, among the 475 patients who were diagnosed as delirium, men were more common(61.7%). The most commonly consulted reason and cause were sleep disturbance(80.8%) and post-operational delirium(30.9%), respectively. The medication prescription percentage was 76.6% and was significantly increased year after year. Ratio of using antipsychotics were 76.4% among prescribed medication and the most frequently prescribed antipsychotic drug was quetiapine(46.8%). Other specialists commonly misdiagnosed delirium when the patient was previously diagnosed as dementia(6.8%). CONCLUSIONS: In our study, post-operational delirium was the most commonly referred reason and the percentage of medication prescription tended to increase. Patients with history of dementia were more easily misdiagnosed as diseases other than delirium. Our study suggests that we should evaluate symptoms, causes, reasons of consultation, management tendency of delirium. We should also closely observe changes in sleep patterns and establish the prevention strategies for post-operational delirium and therapeutic bases for pharmacotherapy.
Academic Medical Centers ; Antipsychotic Agents ; Consciousness Disorders ; Delirium ; Dementia ; Humans ; Male ; Medical Records ; Prescriptions ; Retrospective Studies ; Specialization ; Thinking

No abstract available.
Female ; Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced* ; Iron* ; Pregnancy

No abstract available.
Humans ; Hyoid Bone ; Orthognathic Surgery

In the past, irritant or radiation therapy have been used to treat discoid lupus erythematosus, therefore malignant and proriferative change in the lesion of discoid lupus erythematosus were not uncommon. In recent year, however, because the preferred treatment of discoid lups erythematosus consisted of steroids and antimalarials, the association with squamous cell carcinoma has been extremely rare. We present a case of giant squamous cell carcinoma arising in the discoid lupus erythematosus in 39 year-old women. She had had a 20 year history of facial discoid lupus erythematoseus. In September of 1976, a thumb tip-sized tumor mass found on the right cheek and the maas grew into the adult palm size rapidly. The tumor show ulceration, serosanguinous discharge, easy bleeding, and foul oder. Histopathologically, the specimen obtained from plaques of the left cheek showed hyperkeratosis with plugging, atrophy of the stratum malpighii, a patchy, chiefly lymphoid cell infiltrate with a tendency to arrangement about the cutaneous appendages, hydropic degeneration of the basal cells, edema and vasodilatation in the dermis. The specimen obtained from tumor mass of the right cheek showed many nests consisted of well differentiated squamous cells, keratin pearls.
Adult ; Antimalarials ; Atrophy ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Cheek ; Dermis ; Edema ; Female ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Lupus Erythematosus, Discoid* ; Lymphocytes ; Steroids ; Thumb ; Ulcer ; Vasodilation

BACKGROUND: It has been reported that Cortex mori ( Morus alba L, Sangbaikpi ; CM ), the root bark of mulberry tree, plays a role in inhibiting mast cell activation. Human seminal plasma ( HSP ) modulates immune systems and activates rat peritoneal mast cells ( RPMC ). However, the inhibitory agents of HSP - induced mast cell activation have not been disclosed yet. OBJECTIVE AND METHOD: This study was undertaken to determine the effects of CM on HSP-induced mast cell activation by morphologic and functional methods. Morphological changes of RPMC by HSP alone or CM plus HSP were observed with the inverted light microscope. And the amounts of histamine and calcium were measured by radioisotopic enzymatic histamine and radioisotopic calcium assays. RESULTS: By inverted microscopy, HSP-induced RPMC degranulation occurred in a dose-dependent fashion. After pretreatment of RPMC with CM, there was no HSP-induced degranulation. Degranulation index (DI) of RPMC treated with Hanks balanced salt solution (HBSS), CM or HSP was 7.0+/-4.3, 9.0+/-6.2, 56.5+/-16.9, respectively. After pretreatment of RPMC with CM, HSP-induced DI was 11.0 +/-7.1. These results indicate that CM inhibited HSP-induced degranulation of RPMC. HSP-induced RPMC histamine release (HR) was dose-dependent. HR of RPMC treated with HBSS, CM or HSP was 0.18+/-0.10, 0.30+/-0.19, 4.48+/-0.86 ug/ml, respectively. After pretreatment of RPMC with CM, HSP-induced HR was 0.52+/-0.21 ug/ml. These results indicate that CM inhibited HSP-induced HR from RPMC. Intracellular calcium level ( ICL) of RPMC was also increased according to the concentration of HSP. ICL of RPMC treated with HBSS, CM or HSP was 6.1+/-1.0, 9.0+/-2.1, 30.2+/-6.5 pmole, respectively. After pretreatment of RPMC with CM, HSP-induced ICL of RPMC was 11.6 +/- 3.3 pmole. These results indicate that CM inhibited HSP-induced calcium uptake of RPMC. CONCLUSION: From these results, it is suggested that CM contains some substances which inhi-
Animals ; Calcium ; Histamine ; Histamine Release ; Humans* ; Immune System ; Mast Cells* ; Microscopy ; Morus ; Rats* ; Semen* ; Trees